Campos Do Jordão
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Campos do Jordão () is a municipality in the state of
São Paulo São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the List of cities in Brazil by population, most populous city in Brazil, the List of largest cities in the ...
in southeastern
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
. It is part of the Metropolitan Region of Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. The population is 52,405 (2020 est.) in an area of . The city is situated above sea level and is the highest city in Brazil. There are numerous outdoor activities for tourists and winter residents. These include
hiking A hike is a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails or footpaths in the countryside. Walking for pleasure developed in Europe during the eighteenth century. Long hikes as part of a religious pilgrimage have existed for a much longer time. "Hi ...
,
mountain climbing Mountaineering, mountain climbing, or alpinism is a set of outdoor activities that involves ascending mountains. Mountaineering-related activities include traditional outdoor climbing, skiing, and traversing via ferratas that have become mounta ...
, treetop cable swings (''arborismo''), horseback riding, and ATV and
motorbike A motorcycle (motorbike, bike; uni (if one-wheeled); trike (if three-wheeled); quad (if four-wheeled)) is a lightweight private 1-to-2 passenger personal motor vehicle steered by a handlebar from a saddle-style seat. Motorcycle designs var ...
riding. July, of
winter Winter is the coldest and darkest season of the year in temperate and polar climates. It occurs after autumn and before spring. The tilt of Earth's axis causes seasons; winter occurs when a hemisphere is oriented away from the Sun. Dif ...
season vacations, sees an enormous influx of visitors (more than quadrupling the city's population), due in part to the winter
festival A festival is an event celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect or aspects of that community and its religion or cultures. It is often marked as a local or national holiday, Melā, mela, or Muslim holidays, eid. A ...
of
classical music Classical music generally refers to the art music of the Western world, considered to be #Relationship to other music traditions, distinct from Western folk music or popular music traditions. It is sometimes distinguished as Western classical mu ...
. Its attractions throughout the year include German, Swiss and Italian cuisine restaurants, bars, and a cable car. There are many ''pousadas'' ( inns) and chalets. Also, in order to cater to the large number of visitors, several bars, lounges, discos and
clubs Club may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * Club (magazine), ''Club'' (magazine) * Club, a ''Yie Ar Kung-Fu'' character * Clubs (suit), a suit of playing cards * Club music * "Club", by Kelsea Ballerini from the album ''kelsea'' Brands a ...
open during the winter months.


Demography

*Total Population: 51,454 * Population Density (inhabitants/km2): 152.86 * Infant Mortality (0 to one year old) (per one thousand): 8.52 * Life Expectancy (years): 75.73 * Total Fertility Rate (Children per Woman): 2.18 * Literacy Rate: 92.28% * Human Development Index (IHDI): 0.820 ** IHDI-M Income: 0.763 ** IHDI-M Life Expectancy: 0.846 ** IHDI-M Education: 0.851 (Source: IPEADATA)


Economy

The city's economy is based mainly on
tourism Tourism is travel for pleasure, and the Commerce, commercial activity of providing and supporting such travel. World Tourism Organization, UN Tourism defines tourism more generally, in terms which go "beyond the common perception of tourism as ...
; due to its location at high elevation in the
Mantiqueira Mountains The Mantiqueira Mountains (Portuguese: ''Serra da Mantiqueira iterally: Mantiqueira Mountains Chain') are a mountain range in Southeastern Brazil, with parts in the states of São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro (st ...
, and traditional European-style architecture. Buildings are mostly
vernacular architecture Vernacular architecture (also folk architecture) is building done outside any academic tradition, and without professional guidance. It is not a particular architectural movement or style but rather a broad category, encompassing a wide range a ...
from German,
Swiss Swiss most commonly refers to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland * Swiss people Swiss may also refer to: Places * Swiss, Missouri * Swiss, North Carolina * Swiss, West Virginia * Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses * Swiss Café, an old café located ...
, or Italian models. Many of the wealthiest residents in the state of São Paulo have winter
country house image:Blenheim - Blenheim Palace - 20210417125239.jpg, 300px, Blenheim Palace - Oxfordshire An English country house is a large house or mansion in the English countryside. Such houses were often owned by individuals who also owned a Townhou ...
s here. Despite the high income of many visitors, the HDI (0.820 in 2004) of Campos do Jordão is not very high because the owners of the houses in the best neighbourhoods are not regular inhabitants; these houses are used only during the holidays. The city can be reached from
São Paulo São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the List of cities in Brazil by population, most populous city in Brazil, the List of largest cities in the ...
mainly by road through the Rodovia Floriano Rodrigues Pinheiro. There is also a picturesque railroad from Pindamonhangaba, used mostly by tourists. At the end of the main road going through Campos do Jordão, there is a state park called Horto Florestal.


Geography

The municipality contains the Campos do Jordão State Park, created in 1941. It contains the Mananciais de Campos do Jordão State Park, created in 1993 to protect the water supply of the municipal seat. It also contains the Campos do Jordão Environmental Protection Area, created in 1984. The
Mantiqueira Mountains The Mantiqueira Mountains (Portuguese: ''Serra da Mantiqueira iterally: Mantiqueira Mountains Chain') are a mountain range in Southeastern Brazil, with parts in the states of São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro (st ...
provide unique panoramic views, and the municipality's region still has undeveloped old growth Atlantic Forest
habitat In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species' habitat can be seen as the physical manifestation of its ...
. The native Brazilian Paraná pine (''Araucaria angustifolia'') is found here. A former state governor had a winter residence in the city, the Boa Vista Palace, which is now a museum in the city. The city is located in the northeastern side of the State of São Paulo, bordering
Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil, being the fourth largest state by area and the second largest in number of inhabitants with a population of 20,539,989 according to the 2022 Brazilian census, 2022 census. Located in ...
in the north. Campos do Jordão is at a distance of 180 km (112 miles) from the City of São Paulo, 334 km (208 miles) from the City of Rio de Janeiro, and 486 km (302 miles) from
Belo Horizonte Belo Horizonte is the List of largest cities in Brazil, sixth-largest city in Brazil, with a population of around 2.3 million, and the third largest metropolitan area, containing a population of 6 million. It is the List of cities in Sout ...
. Campos do Jordão is located on a crystalline plateau where the High Felds are located (in Portuguese: Altos Campos) formed from the
quaternary The Quaternary ( ) is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), as well as the current and most recent of the twelve periods of the ...
, increasing the geomorphological risks with the increase of
urbanization Urbanization (or urbanisation in British English) is the population shift from Rural area, rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change. ...
and seen inadequate occupations as in straight slopes. These areas may be at risk of
landslide Landslides, also known as landslips, rockslips or rockslides, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, mudflows, shallow or deep-seated slope failures and debris flows. Landslides ...
. The municipality has rounded topos and amphitheaters where organic
clay Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, ). Most pure clay minerals are white or light-coloured, but natural clays show a variety of colours from impuriti ...
is found due to erosive processes and due to this constitution its characteristic is the concentration of
water Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and Color of water, nearly colorless chemical substance. It is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known liv ...
.


Climate

Campos do Jordão features a temperate oceanic climate (
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...
: ''Cfb''), characterized with warm, wet summers and cool, moderately dry winters. Although at a higher elevation than the higher portions of Santa Catarina, the latitude compensates for such a difference by providing slightly warmer winters with sporadic snowfall over an extended period, associated with the drier mid-year air. As it is a montane vegetation and with mild temperatures, trees like ''Araucaria augustifolia'' is part of the ecosystem of the highest part of the
Mantiqueira Mountains The Mantiqueira Mountains (Portuguese: ''Serra da Mantiqueira iterally: Mantiqueira Mountains Chain') are a mountain range in Southeastern Brazil, with parts in the states of São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro (st ...
. The annual evaporation rate is one of the lowest of the cities of
São Paulo São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the List of cities in Brazil by population, most populous city in Brazil, the List of largest cities in the ...
, which can lead to water deficiencies in the driest months. The average annual precipitation is approximately 1850 mm annually, with the majority falling in December and January. The average annual compensated temperature is 14.5 °C. While there are cooler cities, the cooler weather tends to persist longer, averaging lower temperatures than municipalities like
Curitiba Curitiba () is the capital and largest city in the state of Paraná (state), Paraná in Southern Brazil. The city's population was 1,773,718 , making it the List of cities in Brazil by population, eighth most populous city in Brazil and the larg ...
,
Lages Lages is a Brazilian municipality located in the central part of the state of Santa Catarina, in the region known in Portuguese as "Planalto Serrano". It is located in the mountain region of and is also the largest municipality of Santa Catari ...
or Canela. Temperatures can drop below zero in winter, reaching a few degrees Celsius in the Paraíba Valley, with a thermal sensation that may be even lower. However, there are years when temperatures rise above freezing, as was the case in 1999. As previously mentioned, despite the high altitude and latitude, the conditions are not conducive to regular snowfall in the city. As a result, snow occurrences are rare, with recorded events in years such as 1928, 1942, 1947 and 1966. These occurrences occurred at intervals of approximately two decades, but such events seem to have ceased in recent times. Additionally, the recorded dates of snowfall are not universally agreed upon, and the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), which has been operational since 1944, has not documented any instances of snowflakes in the area. According to data from INMET, since 1961 the absolute minimum temperature recorded in Campos do Jordão was -7.2 °C, on June 6, 1988. According to the Forecast Center (CPTEC), the winter of 1988 was the coldest on record. In contrast, between 2008 and 2018, the lowest temperature recorded was only -3.8 °C, indicating that
urbanization Urbanization (or urbanisation in British English) is the population shift from Rural area, rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change. ...
can moderate colder conditions. Prior to 1988, unofficial records show even lower temperatures: -7.4 °C on 26 June 1918, -8 °C on July 25, 1923, and -8.7 °C in July 1926. The absolute maximum temperature during this period was 30.5 °C on September 17, 1961. Temperatures also reached 30 °C on two other occasions: September 21, 1961, and October 14, 1963, with limited available data. Cold temperatures are more common in June and July, but during the afternoon, temperatures typically rise above freezing, although they remain cool. September and April generally consist of pleasant days, with temperatures above 30 °C being rare occurrences. The largest accumulated precipitation in 24 hours in Campos do Jordão was 146.7 mm on March 10, 1965. Other significant precipitation events include 129.5 mm on October 14, 1995, 121.1 mm on January 24, 1964, 118.2 mm on March 8, 1966, 111.4 mm on December 24, 1971, 108.4 mm on May 25, 2005, 106.4 mm on December 14, 1971, 104.2 mm on December 2, 1963, 102.8 mm on November 20, 1971, and 101.2 mm on December 22, 1966. The month with the highest precipitation in Campos do Jordão was December 1971, with a recorded total of 606.6 mm. Interestingly,
Christmas Day Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed primarily on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A liturgical feast central to Christianity, Chri ...
has the highest average rainfall in Campos do Jordão, with a 75% chance of precipitation. This trend of high rainfall continues throughout December and January. It is also notable that 75% of the annual rainfall in Campos do Jordão occurs between spring and summer. The variation in altitude and the presence of valleys contribute to differences in the total precipitation across the municipality, with humidity levels decreasing towards the interior of the
plateau In geology and physical geography, a plateau (; ; : plateaus or plateaux), also called a high plain or a tableland, is an area of a highland consisting of flat terrain that is raised sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side. ...
. The seasonal variation of cloudiness is notable. The period from the beginning of April to the middle of October is the most conducive for
sunlight Sunlight is the portion of the electromagnetic radiation which is emitted by the Sun (i.e. solar radiation) and received by the Earth, in particular the visible spectrum, visible light perceptible to the human eye as well as invisible infrare ...
, with the end of August experiencing the least cloud cover, allowing for up to 70% of clear skies. The remainder of the year tends to be cloudier, with mid-January seeing up to 77% of overcast skies. The duration between the shortest and longest days of the year typically aligns with astronomical cycles. The second half of the year usually experiences stronger winds, particularly between September and October, with average speeds of 8 km/h. In contrast, the period between February and March is characterized by calmer winds, with average speeds of 6 km/h. The prevailing wind direction is from the north for about two-thirds of the year, especially from the end of April to the end of September. The second most common wind direction, from the east, occurs for nearly four months of the year.


Media

In telecommunications, the city was served by Companhia de Telecomunicações do Estado de São Paulo until 1975, when it began to be served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).


Gallery

File:Campos do Jordão - Portal.jpg, City entrance File:Caiobadner - campos do jordao.jpg, Panoramic view of the district of Capivari File:Hotel Home Green Home, Alto do Capivari, Campos do Jordão.jpg, Home Green Home Hotel File:Campos do Jordão (7049310595).jpg, View from ''Morro do Elefante'' File:Campos do Jordão - Tilt Shift (6902992816) (2).jpg, Photo taken with a tilt-shift lens File:Campos do Jordão - Tilt Shift (7049298627).jpg, Vila Capivari district File:Campos1.JPG, Square File:Campos2.JPG, Square File:Campos3.JPG, Tram rail File:Campos4.JPG, Tram rail File:Estrada de Ferro Campos do Jordão, rampa dos 11 porcento.JPG, Campos do Jordão railroad File:Hotel cj Sdohdshjh239823893 023.jpg, Cristallo di Pietro Hotel File:Loja Chocolate Caseiro.jpg, Artisan chocolate shop File:Vila Capivari, Campos do Jordão.JPG, Villa D'Biagy Inn File:Palacio de Inverno do Governador de São Paulo.JPG, ''Palácio Boa Vista'', the winter residence of the Governor of São Paulo File:Vista de Campos do Jordão.JPG, View from ''Alto do Capivari'' File:Por do sol na Pedra do Baú 09.JPG, Pedra do Baú State Park, near Campos do Jordão File:Panorama Campos.jpg, Panorama File:CAMPOS DO JORDAO 07.jpg, Pedestrian street File:Rua Djalma Forjaz, Campos do Jordão, SP.jpg, Shops and restaurants File:Campos do Jordão - Restaurantes - Restaurants (8904099052).jpg, Outdoor restaurants at night File:CAMPOS DO JORDAO 08.jpg, The city during the winter season File:Campos do Jordão - Shopping Aspen Mall - Aspen Shopping Mall (8904108018).jpg, The Aspen Mall in Vila Capivari district File:Auraucaria ang2.jpg, Brazilian Paraná pine (''Araucaria angustifolia'') and local Atlantic Forest habitat, in Campos do Jordão municipality


See also

*
List of municipalities in São Paulo This is a list of the municipalities in the state of São Paulo (SP), located in the Southeast Region of Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countr ...


References


External links

*
Official Campos do Jordão website
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Official Campos do Jordão and Region Convention & Visitors Bureau
*
Buscacamposdojordao.com: Search engine exclusively for Campos do Jordão
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NetCampos - Commercial site with quality useful information
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Blog Campos do Jordão
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Mapadecamposdojordao.com: Google map of Campos do Jordão
— ''with some locales indicated''. *
EncontraCamposdoJordão - Find everything about Campos do Jordão

Campos Listagem - all about Campos do Jordão

Guia Vale do Paraíba - O que fazer em Campos do Jordão
{{DEFAULTSORT:Campos Do Jordao German-Brazilian culture Municipalities in Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte