References
* James Francis McAlpine. ''Morphology and Terminology - Adults''. In: J.F. McAlpine, B.V. Peterson, G.E. Shewell, H.J. Teskey, J.R. Vockeroth, D.M. Wood (a cura di) ''Manual of Nearctic Diptera'', Volume 1. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Monograph 27, 1981: 9-64. . (In inglese). * Bernhard Merz, Jean-Paul Haenni. ''Morphology and terminology of adult Diptera (other than terminalia)''. In: László Papp, Béla Darvas (a cura di) ''Manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 1: General and Applied Dipterology''. Budapest, Science Herald, 2000: 22–51. . (In inglese). * Ermenegildo Tremblay. ''Entomologia applicata''. Volume III Parte I. 1ª ed. Napoli, Liguori Editore, 1991. . Calyptratae Fly biology Insect anatomy {{insect-anatomy-stub