Calanasan, officially the Municipality of Calanasan, ( Isnag: ''Ili naya Calanasan''; ; ), (formerly known as Bayag, meaning "slow") is a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

in the

province A province is an administrative division within a country or sovereign state, state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire, Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...

Apayao Apayao, officially the Province of Apayao (; ; isnag language, Isnag: ''Provinsia nga Apayao''; ), is a landlocked Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Kabugao, Apayao, Kab ...

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 12,550 people, making it the least populated municipality in the province. Calanasan is the source of the Apayao River which empties into the

South China Sea The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by South China, in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan island, Taiwan and northwestern Philippines (mainly Luz ...

and is the only navigable river in Apayao.

Geography

According to the

Philippine Statistics Authority The Philippine Statistics Authority (; PSA) is the central statistical authority of the Philippine government that collects, compiles, analyzes, and publishes statistical information on economic, social, demographic, political affairs, and gene ...

, the municipality has a land area of constituting of the total area of Apayao. Making it the largest municipality in the province. Calanasan is located in the north-western section of

bordering Santa Praxedes and Claveria in the north, Adams, Vintar, and Carasi in the west, Solsona and Nueva Era in the south-west,

Kabugao Kabugao, officially the Municipality of Kabugao (; Itawis: ''Babalay yo Kabugao''; ), is a municipality and ''de jure'' capital of the province of Apayao, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 16,215 people. Hist ...

on the south, and

Luna Luna commonly refers to: * Earth's Moon, named "Luna" in Latin, Spanish and other languages * Luna (goddess) In Sabine and ancient Roman religion and myth, Luna is the divine embodiment of the Moon (Latin ''Lūna'' ). She is often presented as t ...

and some parts of Kabugao on the east. The town's topography or slope is predominantly rugged and mountainous with sporadic flood plains and plateaus. The municipality cradles the larger part of the Apayao-Abulog watershed area as the main source of streams that fills the mighty river which originates from the municipality. Calanasan is situated from the provincial capital

, and from the country's capital city of

Manila Manila, officially the City of Manila, is the Capital of the Philippines, capital and second-most populous city of the Philippines after Quezon City, with a population of 1,846,513 people in 2020. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on ...

Barangays

Calanasan is politically subdivided into 18 regular

barangay The barangay (; abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy.), historically referred to as ''barrio'', is the smallest Administrative divisions of the Philippines, administrative division in the Philippines. Named after the Precolonial barangay, precolonial po ...

s and 2 Administrative barangays namely; Barangay Parina and Bucarot under its mother barangay Tanglagan. Each barangay consists of

purok A ''purok'' () is an informal division within a barangay in the Philippines. While not officially considered a local government unit (LGU), a ''purok'' often serves as a unit for delivering services and administration within a barangay. ''Pur ...

s and some have

sitios A ''sitio'' (Spanish language, Spanish for "site") in the Philippines is a territorial enclave that forms part of a barangay. Typically rural, a ''sitios location is usually far from the center of the barangay itself and could be its own bar ...

Climate

Calanasan has two pronounced seasons, the dry and the wet seasons. The dry season starts in the latest part of December and ends in the middle part of June. The wet season starts in July and ends in the middle part of December. The hottest month is May and rainfall is heaviest in August while strong typhoons usually occur within the period of August to October and the December used to be the coolest month.

Demographics

In the 2020 census, Calanasan had a population of 12,550. The population density was . Calanasan is dominated by the Isnags, living with them are the Ilocanos and Kalingas.

Languages

The main languages spoken are Isnag and Ilocano.

Economy

Economic activity in the municipality is based on agricultural production like farming and fishing and livelihood activities like basketry, soft broom making and furniture making. The municipality has no level lands for extensive rice production except in the northern part of the municipality. The total land area devoted to agriculture is in which total land area irrigated is . Its produce include coffee, corn, root crops, peanuts and other legumes, banana, pineapple and some vegetables.

Government

Local government

Calanasan, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of

, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years. There are also two ''ex officio'' councilors – the municipal chapter presidents of the

Liga ng mga Barangay The Liga ng mga Barangay sa Pilipinas (League of Barangays in the Philippines) and the Asosasyon ng mga Kapitan ng Barangay (Association of Barangay Captains, ABC) are formal organizations of all the barangays in the Philippines. Presently, alm ...

and the Pederasyon ng Sangguniang Kabataan. In Calanasan they have reserved seat for the ''IP Representative'' as their sectoral representative which is pursuant to the Republic Act 8371, or the Indigenous Peoples (IP) Rights Act of 1997, that calls for the mandatory representation of IPs and it is formally certified by the concerned NCIP regional director, upon recommendation of the provincial or community service center head and shall serve for a period of three years from the date of assumption to office and can be re-endorsed for another term. Members may not serve for more than three consecutive terms.

Elected officials

Tourism

The town has vast variety of wild flora and fauna which contributes to its eco-tourism potential. The town is surrounded with virgin forests, cascading waterfalls, and clear rivers. Potential tourist attractions include: * Apayao River — Poblacion * Girgirra’ Falls — Ninoy Aquino * Ziwanan River — Cadaclan * Maxibab Falls — Santa Filomena * Carmella Falls — Eva * Pisong Lake * Danao Lake — Sitio Danao, Poblacion * Purit Cave * Bantay Malingudu — Poblacion * Agamata National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary — near the Ilocos Norte boundary, was established in the remote area of sharp peaks and plateaus. This undeveloped area, with pine stands, lush vegetation and mossy forest, affords a panoramic view of Ilocos Norte and

Laoag Laoag (), officially the City of Laoag (; ), is a component city and capital of the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 111,651 people. It is the province's most populous settlement, ...

City on the west. It is ideal for hiking, camping, nature tripping and bird watching. * Blue Haven — Sta. Elena * Mount Kilang — Butao * Mount Sicapoo — Butao * Botbotan Lake — Tanglagan

Festivals

''Lapat Festival''

* The Lapat Festival celebrates the ancient Isnag practice known as the Lapat system, a revered indigenous method of environmental stewardship. This traditional approach focuses on managing and preserving natural resources and has significantly contributed to increasing the population of the critically endangered Philippine Eagle. The festival highlights the Isnag people's commitment to sustainable development and environmental conservation through the Lapat system, which is cherished as the most beloved practice for protecting and conserving indigenous resources. * The Lapat Festival was first held as part of Calanasan's commemoration of its founding anniversary and in honor of its conversion as a regular municipality on June 25, 1963, by virtue of Executive Order No. 43. The event includes various activities such as cultural performances, sports competitions, trade and tourism fairs, Calanasan's Got Talent, the Street Dance Competition, and recognition ceremonies, emphasizing both cultural heritage and sustainable tourism. The festival also features the most awaited part, the "Search for Taram se Dam-ag naya Calanasan."

Search for ''Taram se Dam-ag Naya Calanasan''

* Held during the last day of the town's annual fiesta (usually in the month of June) is the local beauty pageant known as ''Taram se Dam-ag Naya Calanasan.'' Representatives from each barangay, grouped into designated clusters, compete for the coveted title of "Taram" (male) "Dam-ag" (female). The winner has the honor of representing Calanasan in the following year's ''Taer ken Dayag Ti Apayao'' , held during the provincial founding anniversary every February.

''Say-Am Festival''

Say-am: The Isnag's Renowned Celebration and Thanksgiving Say-am is the Isnag people's famous form of celebration and thanksgiving. It is a feast that embodies the traditional way of giving thanks to the Higher Supreme Being, known as "Alawagan," through rituals enriched with vibrant songs, native chants, and dances called "Talip" and "Tad-do." In the past, the celebration of Say-am symbolized status, indicating that a family was respectable and well-to-do. Today, it is celebrated every December 5 in commemoration of the death anniversary of the provincial hero, the late Elias K. Bulut.

Philippine Eagle Sanctuary

The Philippine Eagle Foundation began its search of eagles in Apayao in 2011 after reports of huge eagles were roaming the area for centuries. On March 22, 2013, scientists discovered the stronghold of critically endangered

Philippine eagle The Philippine eagle (''Pithecophaga jefferyi''), also known as the monkey-eating eagle or great Philippine eagle, is a critically endangered species of eagle of the family Accipitridae which is Endemism, endemic to forests in the Geography of ...

s, the country's national bird, in Luzon island within the vicinity of the Calanasan Lowland Forest. In January 2015, the town of Calanasan initiated a program which protected 3,000 hectares of forests under its jurisdiction. Additionally, the province of Apayao is one of the very few in the country which has an approved forest land use plan (FLUP). The first active Philippine eagle nest in Apayao was discovered in July 2015. On 9 July 2018, the provincial government of

announced their intent for the province to be a UNESCO

Biosphere Reserve A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, funga, or features of geologic ...

. The province, which possesses more than 286,000 hectares of virgin forests, also noted that they have sent four of their personnel to train in the United States under the US Foreign Service to hasten the declaration of the site. On January 16, 2019, the provincial government announced that they are at the 'legwork for the inscription'.

Education

The Calanasan Schools District Office governs all educational institutions within the municipality. It oversees the management and operations of all private and public, from primary to secondary schools.

Primary and elementary schools

* Assat Elementary School * Ayayao Elementary School * Bucarot Elementary School * Don Roque Elementary School * Ferdinand Elementary School * Kabugawan Elementary School * Langnao Elementary School * Macalino Elementary School * Malitao Elementary School * Milagrosa Elementary School * Naguilian Norte Elementary School * Naguilian Sur Elementary School * Namaltugan Elementary School * Ninoy Aquino Elementary School * Parina Elementary School * Pedro Bunot Central School * Sabangan Elementary School * Salongsong Elementary School * Soda Elementary School * Sta. Elena Elementary School * Sta. Filomena Elementary School * Tanglagan Elementary School * Tubongan Elementary School

Secondary schools

* Apayao Community Learning Center * Apayao National Industrial Agricultural High School * Butao Integrated School * Cadaclan Integrated School * Calanasan National High School * Conner Central National High School Main * Conner National High School * Cupis National High School * Guina-ang National High School * Pio Dalim Memorial School of Arts and Trade Main * Sta.Filomena School of Arts and Trade * Talifugo National High School * Tanglagan National High School * Tawit National High School

Notes

References

External links

* Philippine Standard Geographic Code {{Authority control Municipalities of Apayao