Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (; ), born Vishvambhara Mishra () (18 February 1486 – 14 June 1534), was an Indian

Hindu Hindus (; ; also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma. Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pp. 35–37 Historically, the term has also be ...

saint from

Bengal Bengal ( ) is a Historical geography, historical geographical, ethnolinguistic and cultural term referring to a region in the Eastern South Asia, eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. The region of Benga ...

and the founder of

Gaudiya Vaishnavism Gaudiya Vaishnavism (), also known as Chaitanya Vaishnavism, is a Vaishnavism, Vaishnava Hindu denominations, Hindu religious movement inspired by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1534) in India. "Gaudiya" refers to the Gaura or Gauḍa region o ...

. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's mode of worshipping Krishna with

bhajan Bhajan is an Indian term for any devotional song with a religious theme or spiritual ideas, specifically among Dharmic religions, in any language. The term bhajanam (Sanskrit: भजनम्) means ''reverence'' and originates from the root w ...

kirtan Sikh ''kirta''n with Indian harmoniums and '' Kenya.html" ;"title="tabla'' drums (a common and popular pairing), in Kenya">tabla'' drums (a common and popular pairing), in Kenya (1960s) ''Kirtana'' (; ), also rendered as ''Kiirtan'', ''Kirt ...

and dance had a profound effect on

Vaishnavism Vaishnavism () ), also called Vishnuism, is one of the major Hindu denominations, Hindu traditions, that considers Vishnu as the sole Para Brahman, supreme being leading all other Hindu deities, that is, ''Mahavishnu''. It is one of the majo ...

. He is considered the chief proponent of the Vedantic philosophy of

Achintya Bheda Abheda Achintya-Bheda-Abheda (अचिन्त्यभेदाभेद, ' in IAST) is a school of Vedanta representing the philosophy of ''inconceivable one-ness and difference''.pp. 47-52 In Sanskrit ''achintya'' means 'inconceivable', ''bheda'' ...

. However, the concept of inconceivable difference in non-difference, known as achintya-bhedabheda, was developed later by Jiva Gosvami in his book Bhagavat Sandharbha. Mahaprabhu founded

. He expounded

Bhakti yoga Bhakti yoga (), also called Bhakti marga (, literally the path of '' bhakti''), is a spiritual path or spiritual practice within Hinduism focused on loving devotion towards any personal deity.Karen Pechelis (2014), The Embodiment of Bhakti, ...

and popularised the chanting of the Hare Krishna Maha-mantra. He composed the '' Shikshashtakam'' (eight devotional prayers). Chaitanya is sometimes called

Gauranga Gauranga is another name for Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (or Gauranga Mahaprabhu), the 16th century founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism. The term ''Gauranga Mahaprabhu'' references Chaitanya possessing the golden complexion of the goddess Radha as an avat ...

() or Gaura due to his molten gold–like complexion. His birthday is celebrated as

Gaura-purnima Gaura Purnima is a Vaishnava festival that celebrates the birth of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1534), who founded Gaudiya Vaishnavism. It occurs on the purnima (full moon day) in the Hindu month Phalguna, usually falling in March or April. Gaur ...

. He is also called Nimai because he was born underneath a

Neem ''Azadirachta indica'', commonly known as neem, margosa, nimtree or Indian lilac, is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of the two species in the genus '' Azadirachta''. It is native to the Indian subcontinent and to parts of S ...

tree.

Life

The religious hagiographies of Gauḍīya sampradāya are the only sources available for the reconstruction of Caitanya's life. The hagiographies (in

Sanskrit Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural ...

and

Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...

) consider Caitanya to be an ''avatāra'' of Kr̥ṣṇa, Svayaṁ Bhagavān, Rādhā-Kr̥ṣṇa (joint and separate),

Nārāyaṇa Narayana (, ) is one of the forms and epithets of Vishnu. In this form, the deity is depicted in yogic slumber under the celestial waters, symbolising the masculine principle and associated with his role of creation. He is also known as Pu ...

Viṣṇu Vishnu (; , , ), also known as Narayana and Hari, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. He is the supreme being within Vaishnavism, one of the major traditions within contemporary Hinduism, and the god of preservation (sattva). Vish ...

, and

Jagannātha Jagannath (; formerly ) is a Hindu deity worshipped in regional Hindu traditions in India as part of a triad along with (Krishna's) brother Balabhadra, and sister, Subhadra. Jagannath, within Odia Hinduism, is the supreme god, ''Purushottama ...

. A canonical narrative was accepted by the Gauḍīya community in the early 1600s via the ''Caitanya Caritāmr̥ta'' of Kr̥ṣṇadāsa Kavirāja, which has been described as the "final word" on Gauḍīya history and theology. Chaitanya was born in a Brahmin family as Viśvambhara Miśra aka Nimāi, the second son of Jagannātha Miśra and his wife Śacī Devī, the daughter of Nilambara Chakrabarti, both

Brahmin Brahmin (; ) is a ''Varna (Hinduism), varna'' (theoretical social classes) within Hindu society. The other three varnas are the ''Kshatriya'' (rulers and warriors), ''Vaishya'' (traders, merchants, and farmers), and ''Shudra'' (labourers). Th ...

s of

Sylhet Sylhet (; ) is a Metropolis, metropolitan city in the north eastern region of Bangladesh. It serves as the administrative center for both the Sylhet District and the Sylhet Division. The city is situated on the banks of the Surma River and, as o ...

region. Jagannātha Miśra's family were from the village of Dhakadakshin in Srihatta (Sylhet) (now in

Bangladesh Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eighth-most populous country in the world and among the List of countries and dependencies by ...

). The ruins of their ancestral home still survive in present-day

. The hagiographies of Caitanya portray his birth as a divine event and state that it predicted his future mission of propagating ''harināma saṃkīrtana'' in

Kali Yuga ''Kali Yuga'' (Devanagari: कलियुग), in Hinduism, is the fourth, shortest, and worst of the four '' yugas'' (world ages) in a '' Yuga cycle'', preceded by '' Dvapara Yuga'' and followed by the next cycle's '' Krita (Satya) Yuga''. I ...

. The accounts of Caitanya's childhood are depicted to be reminiscient of Kr̥ṣṇa's childhood exploits. While still a student, his father died, and he soon married Lakṣmīpriyā. He travelled to east Bengal to become a scholar and support his family, but his wife died in his absence. He then married Viṣṇupriyā, the daughter of paṇḍit Sanātana Miśra. Viśvambhara, also known as Nimāi Paṇḍit, was a promising Sanskrit scholar and once defeated Keśava Bhaṭṭa of the

Nimbārka The Nimbarka Sampradaya (IAST: ''Nimbārka Sampradāya'', Sanskrit निम्बार्क सम्प्रदाय), also known as the Kumāra Sampradāya, Hamsa Sampradāya, and Sanakādi Sampradāya (सनकादि सम्प� ...

school in a debate on Sanskrit prosody in an example of "superhuman erudition". Chaitanya dances with followers

In 1508-1509 he left Nabadvip to go to Gaya to perform

śrāddha Śrāddha (Sanskrit: श्राद्ध), is a ritual that some Hindus perform to pay homage to their pitṛs (dead ancestors). They believe that the ritual would provide peace to the ancestors in their afterlife. It is performed on the death an ...

, a ritual homage to his dead father. There, he met an ascetic named Īśvara Purī, who initiated him using a mantra for Kr̥ṣṇa worship. After this meeting Viśvambhara abandoned all scholarly and domestic pursuits and had no interests except an intense desire to hear and speak of Kr̥ṣṇa. Within a year he took a vow of ''saṃnyāsa'' (renunciation) and changed his name to Kr̥ṣṇa Caitanya under his guru Keśava Bhāratī. His mother then asked him to at least live in the city of Puri so that he would not be too far from Bengal. After becoming a renunciate he spent his time converting and instructing followers in the tenets of Kr̥ṣṇa bhakti and engaging in communal ''saṁkīrtana''. Sources state he defeated and converted theological opponents (particularly followers of Advaita Vedānta) via debate or divine intervention in the typical Indian hagiographical pattern of ''digvijaya''. He spent two months in Vrindavan in c. 1515 where he instructed Sanātana Gosvāmī and Rūpa Gosvāmi; additionally the visit serves to confirm Caitanya's identity as Kr̥ṣṇa as he had raptures upon recognizing sites familiar to Kr̥ṣṇa. The last two decades of his life were spent in Puri where his ecstatic seizures yearning for Kr̥ṣṇa and his consorts, mainly Rādhā, intensified. He died c. 1528-1534.

Biographies

Works on Chaitanya: * ''Krsna-Caitanya-Caritamrta'' ( 1513 or 1536–1540; Sanskrit) : By

Murari Gupta Murari Gupta (floruit, fl. 16th century) was born in a Baidya family in Sylhet. He was a physician and noted Bengali language, Bengali Vaishnava poet. He became a devotee of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and moved to Nabadwip.He is incarnation of hanuman ...

. Known as a ''kadcha'' or chronicle. Chaitanya's Navadwipa ''līla'' and each ''panca-tattva'' presented as a form of the Lord. Caitanya went for the first time to Murari's house at Navadwipa. Murari's standing and reputation for learning gave his biographical materials great weight in the Vaishnava community. This ''Kadcha'' (notes) became the guiding lines for other biographers. * ''Kadcha'' or chronicle (Sanskrit) : By

Svarupa Damodara Svarupa Damodara, / Swarup Damodar also known as Purushottama Acharya was a Gaudiya Vaishnava saint and close associate of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. He lived in Navadvipa. He always stayed with Chaitanya. Purushottama Acharya did not accept the dress ...

. He was the personal secretary of Chaitanya. Details the life of Caitanya. * ''Govindadaser Kadcha'' (Bengali) : By Govinda Dāsa who accompanied Chaitanya on his tour of Deccan. This poem describes their experiences on the journey and some imaginary events in the life of Chaitanya as well as his ideas and philosophy. It is another significant biographical work, but it was regarded as controversial because of the authenticity. * ''

Chaitanya Bhagavata Śrī Caitanya-bhāgavata () is a hagiography of Caitanya Mahāprabhu written by Vrindavana Dasa Thakura (1507–1589 CE). It was the first full-length work regarding Chaitanya Mahaprabhu written in Bengali language and documents his early lif ...

'' ( 1535 or 1546–1550; Bengali) : By

Vrindavana Dasa Thakura Śrī Caitanya-bhāgavata () is a hagiography of Caitanya Mahāprabhu written by Vrindavana Dasa Thakura (1507–1589 CE). It was the first full-length work regarding Chaitanya Mahaprabhu written in Bengali language and documents his early lif ...

. Three parts: ''Adi-Khanda'', ''Mādhya-Khanda'', and ''Antya-Khanda''. Chaitanya's earlier life, activities, early movement in Navadwip. * ''Krsna-Caitanya-caritra-mahakavya'' ( 1535) : By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen). * ''Krsna-Caitanya-candrodaya-natakam'' ( 1535 – 1570s) : By Kavi Karnapura. Based on Murari Gupta's ''Krsna-Caitanya-Caritamrta''. When Karnapura was a small child, he interacted with Chaitanya personally. * ''Caitanya-candrodaya-natakam'' ( 1538 or 1540 or 1572 or 1579; Sanskrit) : By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen). Dramatic play in ten acts of Chaitanya's life. * ''Caitanya-caritāmṛta-kavya'' ( 1542 – late 1500s; Sanskrit) : By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen). A long biographical poem on Chaitanya's life and acts. * '' Caitanya-caritāmṛta'' ( 1557 or 1580 or 1615; Bengali) : By

Krishnadasa Kaviraja Krishnadasa (born 1496, died 1588), known by the honorific '' Kaviraja'' (; ), was the author of the ''Chaitanya Charitamrita'', a biography on the life of the mystic and saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1533), who is considered by the Gaudi ...

. Three parts: ''Adi-lila'', ''Madhya-lila'', and ''Antya-lila''. Massive authoritative composition of Chaitanya's biography and teachings. According to Manring, he draws liberally from previous writers (poets, theologians and biographers) as he deems correct, omitting Kavi Karnapura's works perceived as threatening Rupa's authority. * ''Caitanya-Mangala'' ( 1560 or late 1500s; Bengali) : By Jayananda. Nine parts: ''Adikhanda'', ''Nadiyakhanda'', ''Vairagyakhanda'', ''Sannyaskhanda'', ''Utkalkhanda'', ''Prakashkhanda'', ''Tirthakhanda'', ''Vijaykhanda'', and ''Uttarkhanda''. Biographical poem in the form of a narrative play focused on Chaitanya's godly image. It is the only work in which his death is mentioned. Introduction mentions several previous biographers, of whom only Vrindavan is known. Written for the common people (not devotees). * ''

Chaitanya Mangala The Chaitanya Mangala () () of Lochana Dasa is an important hagiographical work on the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Sri Krishna Chaitanya - Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in Bengali. This work of Lochana Dasa or Lochananda Dasa is influenced by the Sans ...

'' ( 1560–66 or 1575) : By Lochana Dasa ( Trilocan Dasa). Four parts: ''Sutrakhanda'', ''Adikhanda'', ''Madhyakhanda'', and ''Antyakhanda''. A narrative play depicting Chaitanya's childhood activities and his human side without highlighting any divine matters to make it popular. Influenced by Murari Gupta's ''Krsna-Caitanya-Caritamrta'' and Vrindavana Dasa Thakura's ''Chaitanya Bhagavata'' as well as the ''

Mahabharata The ''Mahābhārata'' ( ; , , ) is one of the two major Sanskrit Indian epic poetry, epics of ancient India revered as Smriti texts in Hinduism, the other being the ''Ramayana, Rāmāyaṇa''. It narrates the events and aftermath of the Kuru ...

'' and different ''

Puranas Puranas (Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature
(1995 Editio ...

''. * ''Chaitanya-chandrodaya-kaumudi'' (Bengali) : By Premadas (Purushottam Mishra). A verse adaptation to Kavi Karnapura's ''Caitanya-candrodaya-natakam'' drama. * ''Gaura-ganoddesha-dipika'' ( 1576) : By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen). * ''Chaitanya-samhita'' (Bengali) : By Bhagirath Bandhu. Work follows the tradition of agama or tantric texts in its presentation as a story told by Shiva to his spouse. * ''Chaitanya-vilasa'' ( 1500s; Odia) : By Madhava Dasa. A short poetical work in ten sections dealing with the life of Chaitanya. The poet probably came into contact with the saint when the latter came to Puri. * ''Gauranga-vijay'' ( 1500s) : By Chundamani dasa. Biographical epic, believed to have been written in three volumes, only part of the first volume still exists. It contains some information about Chaitanya, Nityananda and Madhavendra Puri not found elsewhere. * ''Sriman-mahaprabhor-asta-kaliya-lila-smarana-mangala-stotram'' ( late 1600s; Sanskrit) : By Visvanatha Chakravarti. Eleven ''sutras'' (seed verses) describing the eternal eight-fold daily pastimes of the fair-complexioned Lord. * ''Sri Gauranga-Lilamrta'' ( late 1600s – 1700s; Bengali) : By Krishna Dasa (disciple of Visvanatha Chakravarti). Expounded on his guru's eleven ''sutras'', often quoting verses from Vrindavana Dasa Thakura's ''Chaitanya Bhagavata'', plus songs by Narahari Ghanashyama (author of Bhakti-Ratnakara) and Lochana Dasa (author of Chaitanya-Mangala). * ''Caitanya-upanisad'' : A book that is a part of the ''

Atharvaveda The Atharvaveda or Atharva Veda (, , from ''wikt:अथर्वन्, अथर्वन्'', "priest" and ''wikt:वेद, वेद'', "knowledge") or is the "knowledge storehouse of ''wikt:अथर्वन्, atharvans'', the proced ...

'' which offers overwhelming evidence of Chaitanya's identity as the Supreme Lord and ''Yuga Avatara''. * '' Sri Caitanya-caranamrta Bhasva'' (1887) : By Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura. Commentary on an original handwritten manuscript of the ''Caitanya-upanisad'' from one pandita, Madhusudana Maharaja, of Sambala-Pura. * ''Amrita-pravaha-bhashya'' ( late 1800s – early 1900s; Sanskrit) : By Bhaktivinoda Thakur. Commentary on ''Caitanya-upanisad''. * '' Anubhāsya'' (1915) : By

Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati (; ; ; 6 February 1874 – 1 January 1937), born Bimala Prasad Datt (, ), was an Indian Gaudīya Vaisnava Hindu guru (spiritual master), ācārya (philosophy instructor), and revivalist in early twentieth-century Ind ...

. Commentary on Krishnadasa Kaviraja's ''Caitanya-caritāmṛta'' * '' Śrī Caitanya-caritāmṛta'' (1974; English) : By A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami in English with original Bengali and Sanskrit. Commentary on Krishnadasa Kaviraja's ''Caitanya-caritāmṛta'', based on Bhaktivinoda Thakur's ''Amrita-pravaha-bhashya'' and Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati's ''Anubhāsya'' commentaries. * '' Krishna-Caitanya, His Life and His Teachings'' (2014; English; ) : By

Walther Eidlitz Walther Eidlitz (1892 – 1976), also known as Vamandas () and Vimala-Krishna Vidyavinoda Dasa, was an Austrian writer, poet, Indologist and historian of religion. Eidlitz was born in Vienna. In pursuance of his religious and philosophical interes ...

, originally written in German - ''Kṛṣṇa-Caitanya: sein Leben und seine Lehre,'' and published b
Stockholm University
1968, as a part of the scientific series "Stockholm studies in comparative religion".

Teachings

The ''Śikṣāṣṭaka'' is the only work accepted to be composed by Caitanya. The poem expounds upon the subjects of ''harināmajapa'', ''saṁkīrtana'', the relationship between individual souls and Kr̥ṣṇa, devotional submission to Kr̥ṣṇa, and Caitanya's personal ''virahabhakti''. Scholars debate the extent to which Caitanya played in the development of the complex Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava theology.

Cultural legacy

Chaitanya's influence on the cultural legacy in

Odisha Odisha (), formerly Orissa (List of renamed places in India, the official name until 2011), is a States and union territories of India, state located in East India, Eastern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by ar ...

and

Manipur Manipur () is a state in northeastern India with Imphal as its capital. It borders the Indian states of Assam to the west, Mizoram to the south, and Nagaland to the north and shares the international border with Myanmar, specifically t ...

, has been significant, with many residents performing daily worship to him as an avatar of Krishna. Some attribute to him a Renaissance in Bengal, different from the more well-known 19th-century

Bengal Renaissance The Bengal Renaissance (), also known as the Bengali Renaissance, was a cultural, social, intellectual, and artistic movement that took place in the Bengal region of the British Raj, from the late 18th century to the early 20th century. Histo ...

. Salimullah Khan (b. 1958), a noted Bangladeshi linguist, maintains, "Sixteenth-century is the time of Chaitanya Dev, and it is the beginning of Modernism in Bengal. The concept of 'humanity' that came into fruition is contemporaneous with that of Europe". Noted Bengali biographical film on Chaitanya, '' Nilachaley Mahaprabhu'' (1957), was directed by Kartik Chattopadhyay (1912–1989). A Bengali film based on Chaitanya's demise, ''Lawho Gouranger Naam Re'', will be directed by

Srijit Mukherji Srijit Mukherji (born 23 September 1977) is an Indian film director and screenwriter who predominantly works in Bengali cinema. His regular collaboration with veteran actor Prosenjit Chatterjee brought him into the limelight. His first featur ...

where

Parambrata Chatterjee Parambrata Chattopadhyay (born 27 June 1980) is an Indian actor and director. Parambrata started his career with Bengali television and films. He has acted as the fictional character Topshe from Feluda under Sandip Ray's direction. His notable ...

will be seen portraying Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.

Photo gallery

File:Yogapith, Mayapur.jpg, alt=A white ornate structure with a pyramidal pointed dome standing on the bank of a pond and surrounded by trees, Yogapith temple at Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's birthsite established in the 1880s by Bhaktivinoda Thakur in

Mayapur Mayapur () is a human settlement and pilgrimage town in the Nabadwip CD block in the Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision of the Nadia district, West Bengal, India. It is situated at the confluence of the Jalangi River and the Bhagirathi, a dist ...

West Bengal West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. WB) is a States and union territories of India, state in the East India, eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabi ...

File:Chaitanya sankirtan.jpg, Chaitanya and

Nityananda Nityananda (, ; c. 1474-c. 1540), also called Nityananda Prabhu and Nitai, was a primary religious figure within the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition of Bengal. Nityananda was Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's friend and disciple. Chaitanya and Nityananda are ...

are shown performing a '

' in the streets of Nabadwip, Bengal. File:Panca-tattva Altar.jpg, Pancha Tattva deities installed on a

Vaishnava Vaishnavism () ), also called Vishnuism, is one of the major Hindu traditions, that considers Vishnu as the sole supreme being leading all other Hindu deities, that is, '' Mahavishnu''. It is one of the major Hindu denominations along wit ...

altar. From left to right:

Advaita Acharya Advaita Acharya (; 1434–1559) (born Kamalaksha Mishra; কমলাক্ষ মিশ্র)"Shantipur parichoy"-Kalikrishna Bhattacharaya&"Samajer Pratichhabi Bises Shantipur Sankhya."-editor-Satya Narayan Goswami. p. 52 was a companion of ...

, Chaitanya,

Gadadhara Pandita Gadadhar Pandita () (Bengali: গদাধর পণ্ডিত; Sanskrit: गदाधर पंडित), also known as Pandita Goswami, was an incarnation of Srimati Radharani and close childhood friend of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, the found ...

, Srivasa. File:Mahaprabhu 103.jpg, ''

Murti In the Hinduism, Hindu tradition, a ''murti'' (, ) is a devotional image, such as a statue or icon, of a Hindu deities, deity or Hindu saints, saint used during ''Puja (Hinduism), puja'' and/or in other customary forms of actively expressing d ...

'' of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu File:Idols of Sri Sri Radha Madhava, Jagannath, Balarama, Subhadra and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu at the Temple of the Vedic Planetarium (ISKCON Mayapur) in Mayapur, Nadia, West Bengal, India.jpg, Deities of Sri Sri Radha Madhava, Jagannath, Balarama, Subhadra and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (in middle), at the ISKCON Durgapur Temple. File:Gaura Nitai shrine at ISKCON temple, Delhi.jpg, ''Gaura Nitai'' shrine at

ISKCON Temple Delhi Sri Sri Radha Parthasarathi Mandir, generally known as the ISKCON Delhi temple, is a Hindu temple of Krishna and Radha in the form of ''Radha Parthasarathi''. The Temple was inaugurated on 5 April 1998 by the then Prime Minister of India, Atal B ...

. File:Chaitanya with dog - Indian Museum, Kolkata R.14277 S.223.jpg, Chaitanya with a dog, Murshidabad, 19th century CE File:Chaitanya's Life and Teachings p28.png, Pratap Rudra bowing to Chaitanya, an early 20th century print copy of a painting held by the Zamindar of Kunjaghata

References

Works cited

External links

* *
Gaudiya Vaishnavism – The Tradition of Chaitanya

Gaudiya Vaishnavism – The Tradition of Chaitanya

* ttp://hpb.narod.ru/SreeChaitanyaHWBM.html Lord Gouranga and His Message of Devotion(theosophical.ca)
YogPeeth, Mayapur, Navadvipa – The birthplace of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu

Who is Lord Chaitanya?

Scriptural References To Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu being Avataar of Sri Krishna
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahaprabhu, Chaitanya 1486 births 1533 deaths 16th-century Hindu religious leaders Bengali Hindus Bhakti movement Devotees of Krishna Devotees of Jagannath Dvaitin philosophers Gaudiya religious leaders Hindu ascetics Hindu mystics Hindu revivalists Hindu philosophers and theologians Indian social reformers Indian Hindu monks 16th-century Indian philosophers Indian Hindu spiritual teachers Indian Vaishnavites Kirtan performers Vaishnava saints People considered avatars by their followers Scholars from Odisha People from Nadia district People from Sylhet District Scholars from West Bengal Bengali Hindu saints Brahmins who fought against discrimination Anti-caste activists People from the Bengal Sultanate