CRRC Dalian Co., Ltd. (), often abbreviated as DLoco, is a company located in

Dalian Dalian ( ) is a major sub-provincial port city in Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, and is Liaoning's second largest city (after the provincial capital Shenyang) and the third-most populous city of Northeast China (after Shenyang ...

Liaoning ) , image_skyline = , image_alt = , image_caption = Clockwise: Mukden Palace in Shenyang, Xinghai Square in Dalian, Dalian coast, Yalu River at Dandong , image_map = Liaoning in China (+all claims hatched).svg , ...

Province,

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

, producing railway

locomotive A locomotive is a rail transport, rail vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. Traditionally, locomotives pulled trains from the front. However, Push–pull train, push–pull operation has become common, and in the pursuit for ...

multiple unit A multiple-unit train (or multiple unit (MU)) is a self-propelled train composed of one or more Coach (rail), carriages joined, and where one or more of the carriages have the means of propulsion built in. By contrast, a locomotive-hauled ...

s and

diesel engine The diesel engine, named after the German engineer Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which Combustion, ignition of diesel fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to Mechanics, mechanical Compr ...

s. The factory was established in 1899 during the period of construction of the

Chinese Eastern Railway The Chinese Eastern Railway or CER (, , or , ''Kitaysko-Vostochnaya Zheleznaya Doroga'' or ''KVZhD''), is the historical name for a railway system in Northeast China (also known as Manchuria). The Russian Empire constructed the line from 1897 ...

, as the Shahekou works, and was under Japanese control from 1905, and later part of the

Manchukuo Manchukuo, officially known as the State of Manchuria prior to 1934 and the Empire of Great Manchuria thereafter, was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China that existed from 1932 until its dissolution in 1945. It was ostens ...

state. After the end of the Second World War the railway was under joint Chinese and Russian control until the 1950s when the Chinese Eastern Railroad and the city of Dalian were transferred to sole Chinese control. The factory was state owned, and controlled by the Ministry of Railways until 2001 when LORIC (China National Railway Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry Corporation) was split into two groups (as part of CNR Group); it then became one of the constituent companies of listed company China CNR, and after June 1, 2015,

CRRC CRRC Corporation Limited (known as CRRC) is a Chinese state-owned and publicly traded rolling stock manufacturer. It is the world's largest rolling stock manufacturer in terms of revenue, eclipsing its major competitors of Alstom and Siemens. ...

, an unification of two listed companies that derived from 2001 split.

History

1899–1952

Dalian and the South Manchurian branch of the Chinese Eastern Railway

The locomotive factory in Dalian was founded in 1899,Sources:

contemporary with the construction of the southern branch of the

during the lease of the

Liaodong Peninsula The Liaodong or Liaotung Peninsula ( zh, s=辽东半岛, t=遼東半島, p=Liáodōng Bàndǎo) is a peninsula in southern Liaoning province in Northeast China, and makes up the southwestern coastal half of the Liaodong region. It is located ...

from China to the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...

,The lease and railway construction rights were obtained in the Li–Lobanov Treaty of 1896 and to the development of Dalian as a port and town. In 1905, the "Shahekou Plant" came under Japanese control as a result of the Treaty of Portsmouth, and in 1906 the railway from Dalian to

Changchun Changchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin, Jilin Province, China, on the Songliao Plain. Changchun is administered as a , comprising seven districts, one county and three county-level cities. At the 2020 census of China, Changchun ha ...

became part of the Japanese controlled South Manchurian Railway. In 1934 the factory together with

Kawasaki Heavy Industries is a Japanese Public company, public multinational corporation manufacturer of motorcycles, engines, Heavy equipment (construction), heavy equipment, aerospace and Military, defense equipment, rolling stock and ships, headquartered in Minato, To ...

, manufactured the '' Asia Express'' high speed steam train for the South Manchuria Railway. In 1945 at the end of the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

the city came under Soviet Russian control. The ''Changchun Railway'' was jointly operated by China and Russia until 1952, when control was passed entirely to the Chinese government. The Soviet administration of Dalian ended in 1950, however the USSR continued to station troops there until 1955.

1952–2000

In 1956 the company manufactured the China Railways HP prototype 2-10-2

steam locomotive A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, Fuel oil, oil or, rarely, Wood fuel, wood) to heat ...

, and in 1957, the first China Railways JS class 2-8-2 locomotive, of which 1916 were built at different plants. as well as other steam locomotives. Diesel locomotives were developed and produced at the plant, a prototype diesel electric type "JuLong" () was produced in 1958 based on the Russian ТЭ10 locomotive and

Fairbanks-Morse Fairbanks, Morse and Company was an American manufacturing company in the late 19th and early 20th century. Founded in 1823 as a manufacturer of weighing scale, weighing scales, it later diversified into pumps, engines, windmills, coffee grinder ...

FM38D opposed piston engine, which led to the DF class diesel electric locomotives entered production in 1964. The change from steam to diesel production began in 1965, and in 1969, the first of the China Railways DF4 class of locomotives was produced. The DF4 series of locomotive type became the main mainline diesel locomotive type in China, and developments were produced in the following decades; including the DF4B in 1984, the DF4D in 1996. In the 1980s the company began a decade long research partnership with Ricardo plc into increasing the power output and efficiency of its DL240 diesel engine products. In 1997 it began working with Southwest Research Institute (USA) on the design of a new locomotive diesel engine. The company first exported a mainline diesel locomotive in 1993 (to

Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...

), by the middle of the first decade of the 21st century the company had exported over 200 diesel locomotives. By 2000 the company was producing half of China's internal supply of diesel locomotives, and manufactured 80% of the countries diesel locomotive exports.

2000–present

Dalian locomotive works' parent company, state-owned China National Railway Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry Corporation (LORIC), was split into the northern and southern groups in 2002; the locomotive works part of China Northern Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry (Group) Corporation along with other rail vehicle manufacturers in China. The locomotive works was also incorporated as a limited company in 2003, known as CNR Group Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock () or just CNR Dalian. In the first decade of the 21st century the plant began producing two new mainline locomotive product types; the China Railways HXD3 electric locomotives in association with

Toshiba is a Japanese multinational electronics company headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure systems, elevators and escalators, electronic components, semiconductors ...

, a joint venture with Toshiba () was formed in 2002 to manufacture electric equipment for

rolling stock The term rolling stock in the rail transport industry refers to railway vehicles, including both powered and unpowered vehicles: for example, locomotives, Railroad car#Freight cars, freight and Passenger railroad car, passenger cars (or coaches) ...

. Also in the 2000s the diesel electric locomotives China Railways HXN3 were produced at Dalian in association with GM EMD. As part of the

initial public offering An initial public offering (IPO) or stock launch is a public offering in which shares of a company are sold to institutional investors and usually also to retail (individual) investors. An IPO is typically underwritten by one or more investm ...

, the stake of CRN Dalian was transferred to an intermediate holding company China CNR in 2008. In 2009 the company obtained its first export order to supply locomotives to a western country, an order for 20

New Zealand DL class locomotive The New Zealand DL class of diesel-electric locomotives was manufactured for KiwiRail by CRRC Dalian with engines from MTU. They were the most powerful diesel-electric locomotives in service in New Zealand until the introduction of the DM lo ...

s. In 2009 the groundbreaking ceremony took place for a new plant in the Lüshun economic development zone ( Lushunkou District); the new facility was developed in conjunction with the municipal council of Dalian city. The facility, on a site, is designed to have a production of around 1000 locomotives, 1000 rail vehicles and 1000 diesel engines per year. The plant officially opened in August 2011, the first vehicles on the production line were metro passenger units for Line 2, Tianjin Metro. In 2015, they delivered the prototype of the 8MLB LRV in Manila as part of the Manila Metro Rail Transit Line 3 capacity expansion. Currently there are no Dalian Trainsets running on the line due to the controversies surrounding it, including the incompatibility with the line's signaling system and tare weight and the line rehabilitation contract restrictions made with the Department of Transportation (DOTr) and

Sumitomo Corporation is one of the largest worldwide '' sōgō shōsha'' general trading companies, and is a diversified corporation. The company was incorporated in 1919 and is a member company of the Sumitomo Group. It is listed on three Japanese stock exchange ...

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational engineering, electrical equipment and electronics corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. MHI is one of the core companies of the Mitsubishi Group and its automobile division is the prede ...

-TES Philippines (TESP). One of the company's latest export orders came in January 2015 from the Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority for 15 metro trains for the Lagos Rail Mass Transit system in Nigeria, with an option for 14 more. This order came about following a failed acquisition of old H-series carriages retired from the

Toronto Subway The Toronto subway is a rapid transit system serving Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario, Canada, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The subway system is a rail network consisting of three heavy-capacity rai ...

. In the same year an order was placed for 14 eight car trains for Blue Line of the

Kolkata Metro The Kolkata Metro is a Urban rail transit in India, rapid transit system serving the city of Kolkata and the Kolkata metropolitan area, Kolkata Metropolitan Region in West Bengal, India. Opened in 1984, it was the first operational rapid trans ...

Products and services

The company's primary products are railway rolling stock and related parts; it has a production capacity of ~600 locomotives and 300 metro rail vehicles per year. * CKD8 * 8MLB LRV

Sister companies and organizations

Sharing the same registered address in the Shahekou District, CRRC Dalian Dali Railway Transportation Equipment Co., Ltd. () was found in 2007. The company was not listed and remained in the unlisted portion of

CRRC Group CRRC Group Corporation, known as CRRC Group, is a Chinese state-owned holding company, direct parent company of CRRC and 32 other subsidiaries; if including second-tier subsidiaries, the holding company is the head of 112 legal entities (as in 20 ...

. Another company, "Daqi company" or "Dalian Qiqihar Railway Rolling Stock Railway Transportation Equipment Co., Ltd." () by CRRC Qiqihar Railway Rolling Stock in 2007. The company was based in Lüshun Economic Development Zone of Lüshunkou District. In 2016 it was renamed to . It was part of

(via CRRC Qiqihar Railway Rolling Stock), the listed portion of CRRC Group.

Research, development and education

In 1956, ''Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Manufacturing School'' was established nearby on Huanghe Road, which became the ''Dalian Railway Institute'' () in 1958, and in 2004 Dalian Jiaotong University (). Also located in Dalian, () was founded in 1922 by South Manchuria Railway Company as a closely associated institute of the railway and the locomotive works; the organisation was incorporated as a company and as a subsidiary of China CNR in 2007. In 2001, another research institute, (), was founded. It was incorporated as a company in 2013.

Gallery

File:CKD8G-0006 01.jpg, A CKD8 diesel-electric locomotive operating in

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

for Trenes Argentinos. File:South Manchuria Pashina 973.jpg, Pashina-class locomotive for ''Asia Express''; trial run in year 1934. File:China Railways DF4B 2319.jpg, A DF4B Diesel Locomotive, serial number 2319.

Notes

References

External links

* Dalian Locomotive factory (entrance) * {{DEFAULTSORT:Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Rail transport in Liaoning CRRC Dalian Ministry of Railways of China Manufacturing companies based in Dalian Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1899 Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2003 Chinese companies established in 2003 Chinese brands Diesel engine manufacturers Locomotive engine manufacturers Engine manufacturers of China Chinese companies established in 1899