CIA cryptonyms are

code name A code name, codename, call sign, or cryptonym is a code word or name used, sometimes clandestinely, to refer to another name, word, project, or person. Code names are often used for military purposes, or in espionage. They may also be used in ...

s or code words used by the U.S.

Central Intelligence Agency The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA; ) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with advancing national security through collecting and analyzing intelligence from around the world and ...

(CIA) to refer to projects, operations, persons, agencies, etc.

Format of cryptonyms

CIA cryptonyms sometimes contain a two character prefix called a digraph, which designates a geographical or functional area. Certain digraphs were changed over time; for example, the digraph for the Soviet Union changed at least twice. The rest is either an arbitrary dictionary word, or occasionally the digraph and the cryptonym combine to form a dictionary word (e.g., AEROPLANE) or can be read out as a simple phrase (e.g., WIBOTHER, read as "Why bother!"). Cryptonyms are sometimes written with a slash after the digraph, e.g., ZR/RIFLE, and sometimes in one sequence, e.g., ZRRIFLE. The latter format is the more common style in CIA documents. Examples from publications by former CIA personnel show that the terms "code name" and "cryptonym" can refer to the names of operations as well as to individual persons. TRIGON, for example, was the code name for Aleksandr Ogorodnik, a member of the

Ministry of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral r ...

in the former

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

, whom the CIA developed as a spy; HERO was the code name for Col.

Oleg Penkovsky Oleg Vladimirovich Penkovsky (; 23 April 1919 – 16 May 1963), codenamed Hero (by the CIA) and Yoga (by MI6) was a Soviet military intelligence (GRU) colonel during the late 1950s and early 1960s. Penkovsky informed the United States and the U ...

, who supplied data on the nuclear readiness of the Soviet Union during the

Cuban Missile Crisis The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis () in Cuba, or the Caribbean Crisis (), was a 13-day confrontation between the governments of the United States and the Soviet Union, when American deployments of Nuclear weapons d ...

of 1962. According to former CIA Director

Richard M. Helms Richard McGarrah Helms (March 30, 1913 – October 23, 2002) was an American government official and diplomat who served as Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from 1966 to 1973. Helms began intelligence work with the Office of Strategic Ser ...

: "The code names for most Agency operations are picked in sequence from a sterile list, with care taken not to use any word that might give a clue to the activity it covers. On some large projects, code names are occasionally specially chosen—GOLD, SILVER, PBSUCCESS, CORONA. When

Robert F. Kennedy Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), also known as RFK, was an American politician and lawyer. He served as the 64th United States attorney general from January 1961 to September 1964, and as a U.S. senator from New Yo ...

requested a code name for the government-wide plan that Richard Goodwin was drafting, an exception was made. Goodwin was on the White House staff, and the plan concerned

Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...

. Occasionally the special code names come close to the nerve, as did

MONGOOSE A mongoose is a small terrestrial carnivorous mammal belonging to the family Herpestidae. This family has two subfamilies, the Herpestinae and the Mungotinae. The Herpestinae comprises 23 living species that are native to southern Europe, A ...

." A secret joint program between the

Mexico City Mexico City is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Mexico, largest city of Mexico, as well as the List of North American cities by population, most populous city in North America. It is one of the most important cultural and finan ...

CIA station and the Mexican secret police to

wiretap Wiretapping, also known as wire tapping or telephone tapping, is the monitoring of telephone and Internet-based conversations by a third party, often by covert means. The wire tap received its name because, historically, the monitoring connecti ...

the Soviet and Cuban embassies was code-named

ENVOY Envoy or Envoys may refer to: Diplomacy * Diplomacy, in general * Envoy (title) * Special envoy, a type of Diplomatic rank#Special envoy, diplomatic rank Brands *Airspeed Envoy, a 1930s British light transport aircraft *Envoy (automobile), an au ...

. Some cryptonyms relate to more than one subject, e.g., a group of people. In this case, the basic cryptonym, e.g., LICOZY, will designate the whole group, while each group member is designated by a sequence number, e.g., LICOZY/3, which can also be written LICOZY-3, or just L-3.

Digraphs

Partial list of digraphs and probable definitions

* AE:

(1960s)David Wise, ''Nightmover: How Aldrich Ames Sold the CIA to the KGB for $4.6 Million'', HarperCollins Publishers, 1996 p.15 * AL:

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

* AM:

(also JM) * AV:

Uruguay Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the A ...

* BE:

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

* BG:

Albania Albania ( ; or ), officially the Republic of Albania (), is a country in Southeast Europe. It is located in the Balkans, on the Adriatic Sea, Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea, and shares land borders with Montenegro to ...

* BI:

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

* CA:

West Germany West Germany was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. It is sometimes known as the Bonn Republi ...

* CK: CIA Soviet and East Europe division sensitive cases (late 1970s) * DB:

Iraq Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to Iraq–Saudi Arabia border, the south, Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and ...

* DI:

Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia ( ; Czech language, Czech and , ''Česko-Slovensko'') was a landlocked country in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland beca ...

* DM: SFRY / Yugoslavia * DN:

South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone, with the Yellow Sea to the west and t ...

* DU:

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

* EC:

Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...

* ES:

Guatemala Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically b ...

(also PB) * FU:

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...

* GT: CIA Soviet and East Europe division sensitive cases (1980s) * HA:

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

(1958) * IA:

Angola Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of c ...

* IR: Philippines? * JM:

(also AM) * KK:

Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...

Seymour M. Hersh, ''The Samson Option: Israel's Nuclear Arsenal and American Foreign Policy'', New York, Random House, 1991 pp. 5 * KU: CIA and CIA components * LC:

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

* LN:

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

* LI: Mexico City * MH: Worldwide operation. * MJ:

Palestinian Palestinians () are an Arab ethnonational group native to the Levantine region of Palestine. *: "Palestine was part of the first wave of conquest following Muhammad's death in 632 CE; Jerusalem fell to the Caliph Umar in 638. The indigenous p ...

-relatedKai Bird, ''The Good Spy: The Life and Death of Robert Ames'', Crown Publishing Group, New York, 2014 p. 95 * MK: CIA Technical Services Division (1950s/1960s) * MO:

Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...

* OD: Other US Government Departments (1960s) * PB:

(also ES) * PD:

(1980s) * PO:

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

* SD:

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

* SM:

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

* ST: CIA Directorate of Operations, Far East division, China Branch * SZ:

Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...

* TP:

(1953) * TU:

South Vietnam South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN; , VNCH), was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975. It first garnered Diplomatic recognition, international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the ...

* WI: Congo-Léopoldville/Kinshasa (1960s) * EU-RN: Intelligence intercept program of CIA Staff D ops, the group that worked directly with the NSA (

National Security Agency The National Security Agency (NSA) is an intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the director of national intelligence (DNI). The NSA is responsible for global monitoring, collection, and proces ...

Unidentified digraphs

DT, ER, FJ, HB, HO, HT, JU, KM, KO, QK, SC, SE, SG, WO, WS, ZI

Known cryptonyms

* ADAM:

Guatemala City Guatemala City (, also known colloquially by the nickname Guate), is the Capital city, national capital and largest city of the Guatemala, Republic of Guatemala. It is also the Municipalities of Guatemala, municipal capital of the Guatemala Depa ...

* AEACRE: Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (ZP/UHVR) radio broadcastsRichard H. Cummings
"From the Secret Pages of History"
''Kyiv Post'', December 21, 2021 * AECASSOWARY-2: Mykola Lebed, President of Prolog and CIA Principal Agent * AECROAK: Radio station called Nasha Rossiya * AEFOXTROT: Yuri Ivanovich Nosenko, a Soviet defector. * AELADLE:

Anatoliy Golitsyn Anatoliy Mikhaylovich Golitsyn Order of the British Empire, CBE (Russian language, Russian: Анатолий Михайлович Голицын; 25 August 1926 – 29 December 2008) was a Soviet KGB defector and author of two books about the lon ...

, Soviet defector and former KGB officer. * AERODYNAMIC: Psychological warfare operation * AERANTER: Sub-project of Operation AERODYNAMIC * AESCREEN: Soviet Bloc division's translation and analysis unit * AETENURE: Prolog Research and Publishing Association, Inc. * AMBIDDY-1: Manuel Artime. * AMBLOOD: Luis Torroella y Martin Rivero, a CIA agent. * AMCLATTER-1:

Bernard Barker Bernard Leon Barker (March 17, 1917 – June 5, 2009) was a Watergate burglar and undercover operative in CIA-directed plots to overthrow Cuban leader Fidel Castro. Early life Barker was born in Havana, to a Russian American father of Jewish ...

, one of the

Watergate The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon. The scandal began in 1972 and ultimately led to Nixon's resignation in 1974, in August of that year. It revol ...

burglars. * AMBUD * AMCLEOPATRAWaldron & Hartmann 2009, p. 204 * AMCOBRA * AMCOG-3: Ramón Grau San Martín * AMCROW * AMCRUZ or AMCRUX? * AMFOX * AMGLOSSY * AMHALF * AMJUDGE * AMLASH: Plan to assassinate

Fidel Castro Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban politician and revolutionary who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and President of Cuba, president ...

associated mainly with Rolando Cubela. AMLASH has been referred to as a "basically one-person Cubela operation".Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 215 * AMLASH-1: Rolando Cubela Secades, a Cuban official involved in plot to kill

in 1963. * AMOT: Cuban exile informants of

David Sánchez Morales David Sánchez Morales (August 26, 1925 – May 8, 1978) was a Central Intelligence Agency operative who worked in Cuba and Chile. Biographical highlights Morales, of Mexican descent, spent his early life in Phoenix, Arizona, and attended scho ...

. * AMPALM-4 * AMQUACK:

Che Guevara Ernesto "Che" Guevara (14th May 1928 – 9 October 1967) was an Argentines, Argentine Communist revolution, Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, Guerrilla warfare, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and Military theory, military theorist. A majo ...

, Argentinian (later Cuban) guerrilla leader. * AMTHUG: Fidel Castro,

Prime Minister of Cuba The prime minister of Cuba (), officially known as the president of the Council of Ministers () between 1976 and 2019, is the head of government of Cuba and the chairman of the Council of Ministers (cabinet). The prime minister is the third-hi ...

1959–1976. * AMTRUNK: A CIA plan by ''New York Times'' journalist Tad Szulc initiated in February 1963, also called the "Leonardo Plan", that was "an attempt to find disgruntled military officials in Cuba who might be willing to recruit higher military officials in a plot to overthrow Castro",Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 216 as well as to overthrow the Cuban government "by means of a conspiracy among high-level ... leaders of the government culminating in a coup d'etat". AMTRUNK has also been described as a "CIA-DIA Task Force on Cuba",Waldron & Hartmann 2009 p. 224 and as "a plodding bureaucratic effort" that "had worked for months to identify Cuban leaders who might be able to stage a coup". * AMWHIP-1: Business associate of Santo Trafficante Jr. who was in contact with Rolando Cubela (AMLASH) in 1963. * AMWORLD: A plan initiated June 28, 1963, to overthrow the Castro regime in a coup on December 1, 1963 (C-Day), that would have installed

Juan Almeida Bosque Juan Almeida Bosque (17 February 1927 – 11 September 2009) was a Cuban politician and one of the original commanders of the insurgent forces in the Cuban Revolution. After the rebels took power in 1959, he was a prominent figure in the Commun ...

, a top ranking Cuban military officer, as the new head of state.Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 794 Some Cuban exiles referred to C-Day as "Plan Omega". * BGGYPSY: Russia; Russian; Communist * BOND: Puerto Barrios * Caesar:

Quetzaltenango Quetzaltenango (, also known by its Maya name Xelajú or Xela ) is a municipality and namesake department in western Guatemala. The city is located in a mountain valley at an elevation of above sea level at its lowest part. It may reach above ...

* CALLIGERIS:

Carlos Castillo Armas Carlos Castillo Armas (; 4 November 191426 July 1957) was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who was the 28th president of Guatemala, serving from 1954 to 1957 after taking power in a coup d'état. A member of the far-right Nationa ...

* CARTEL: Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (ZP/UHVR) radio broadcasts * CKGULL: CIA Polish agent Ryszard Kukliński (also QTGULL)Benjamin Weiser, ''A Secret Life: The Polish Officer, His Covert Mission, and the Price He Paid to Save His Country'', New York: PublicAffairs, 2003 p. 344 * CKSPHERE, CKVANQUISH: Adolf Tolkachev * CKTRIGON: Aleksandr Dmitrievich Ogorodnik * CKTWINE: Boris Yuzhin * CKUTOPIA, CKQUARTZ: Victor Sheymov *

CORONA Corona (from the Latin for 'crown') most commonly refers to: * Stellar corona, the outer atmosphere of the Sun or another star * Corona (beer), a Mexican beer * Corona, informal term for the coronavirus or disease responsible for the COVID-19 ...

: the CIA's first satellite Reconnaissance program, 1958 * DBACHILLES: 1995 effort to support a military coup in

. * DBANABASIS commenced Fall 2002, operation to train Iraqis in

Area 51 Area 51 is the common name of a highly classified United States Air Force (USAF) facility within the Nevada Test and Training Range in southern Nevada, north-northwest of Las Vegas. A remote detachment administered by Edwards Air Force B ...

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a landlocked state in the Western United States. It borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the seventh-most extensive, th ...

and then to run them on missions of sabotage and assassination inside Iraq. * DBROCKSTARS: Iraqi spy ring recruited by the CIA shortly before the 2003 invasion of Iraq. * Doc: Mazatenango * DTFROGS:

El Salvador El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador, is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south by the Pacific Ocean. El Salvador's capital and largest city is S ...

* DYCLAIM: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)The Case of Otto Albrecht Alfred von Bolschwing
/ref> * Eddie:

El Quiché EL, El or el may refer to: Arts and entertainment Fictional entities * El, a character from the manga series ''Shugo Chara!'' by Peach-Pit * Eleven (''Stranger Things'') (El), a fictional character in the TV series ''Stranger Things'' * El, fami ...

* ESCOBILLA, Guatemalan national * ESMERALDITE, labor informant affiliated with AFL-sponsored labor movement * ESSENCE, Guatemalan anti-Communist leader * FJHOPEFUL, military base * Frank: Jutiapa, Guatemala * Goss: Cobán, Guatemala * GROSSBAHN:

Otto von Bolschwing Otto Albrecht Alfred von Bolschwing (15 October 1909 – 7 March 1982) was a German SS-''Hauptsturmführer'', intelligence officer and international businessman. During the Nazi-era and World War II, he served as an operative of the ''Sic ...

, ''

Sicherheitsdienst ' (, "Security Service"), full title ' ("Security Service of the ''Reichsführer-SS''"), or SD, was the intelligence agency of the Schutzstaffel, SS and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany. Established in 1931, the SD was the first Nazi intelligence ...

'' officer who later served as a spy for CIA * GTACCORD:

GRU Gru is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the ''Despicable Me'' film series. Gru or GRU may also refer to: Arts and entertainment * Gru (rapper), Serbian rapper * Gru, an antagonist in '' The Kine Saga'' Organizations Georgia (c ...

colonel Vladimir Mikhailovich Vasilyev * GTBLIP:

colonel Anatoli Filatov * GTCOWL:

KGB The Committee for State Security (, ), abbreviated as KGB (, ; ) was the main security agency of the Soviet Union from 1954 to 1991. It was the direct successor of preceding Soviet secret police agencies including the Cheka, Joint State Polit ...

officer Sergei Vorontsov ("Stas") * GTFITNESS:

Gennady Varenik * GTGAUZE:

major Sergey Motorin * GTGENTILE:

lieutenant colonel Valery F. Martynov * GTTICKLE:

Oleg Gordievsky Oleg Antonovich Gordievsky (; 10 October 1938 – 4 March 2025) was a colonel of the KGB who became KGB resident-designate (''rezident'') and bureau chief in London. Gordievsky was a double agent, providing information to the British Secret ...

* GTJOGGER:

lieutenant colonel Vladimir M. Piguzov * GTMILLION:

lieutenant colonel Gennady Smetanin * GTWEIGH:

officer Leonid Polyshuk * Hank,

Zacapa Zacapa () is the departmental capital municipality of Zacapa Department, one of the 22 Departments of Guatemala. It is located approximately from Guatemala City Guatemala City (, also known colloquially by the nickname Guate), is the Capit ...

(Guatemalan base) * HTAUTOMAT: Photointerpretation center for the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft project. * HTKEEPER: Mexico City * HTLINGUAL or HGLINGUAL: Mail interception operation 1952–1973. * HTNEIGH: National Committee for Free Albania (NCFA) 949-mid1950s* HTPLUME:

Panama Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and ...

* Ike: San José * Jack, Florida, Honduras * JMADD: CIA air base near city of

Retalhuleu The city of Retalhuleu () is situated in south-western Guatemala. It is the departmental seat of Retalhuleu Department as well as the municipal seat of Retalhuleu Municipality. Retalhuleu stands at about 240 metres above sea level. The city has ...

, Guatemala 1960–1961 * JMATE: Cover Action plans against Cuba 1960–1961, resulting in Bay of Pigs invasion * JMBELL: CIA office (location unknown) 1961 * JMBLUG:

John Peurifoy John Emil Peurifoy (August 9, 1907 – August 12, 1955) was an American diplomat and ambassador in the early years of the Cold War. He served as ambassador to Greece, Thailand, and Guatemala. In this latter country, he was serving during the 19 ...

, U.S. Ambassador to Guatemala. * JMFURY: Preparatory strikes against Cuban airfields before

Bay of Pigs Invasion The Bay of Pigs Invasion (, sometimes called or after the Playa Girón) was a failed military landing operation on the southwestern coast of Cuba in April 1961 by the United States of America and the Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Front ...

1961 * JMGLOW: CIA Washington 1961 * JMMOVE: CIA training base located in Belle Chasse,

Louisiana Louisiana ( ; ; ) is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It borders Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, and Mississippi to the east. Of the 50 U.S. states, it ranks 31st in area and 25 ...

1961. The stated objective of the base was training Cuban refugees for the

. * JMTIDE: CIA air base in

Puerto Cabezas Puerto Cabezas (; also known as Bragman's Bluff in English language, English, or Bilwi in Miskito language, Miskito) is a municipality and city in Nicaragua. It is the capital of Miskito people, Miskito nation in the North Caribbean Coast Autonom ...

Nicaragua Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America aft ...

1961 * JMTRAX: CIA covert air base/training camp in Guatemala 1960–1961 * JMWAVE: CIA station in

Miami Miami is a East Coast of the United States, coastal city in the U.S. state of Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, Florida, Miami-Dade County in South Florida. It is the core of the Miami metropolitan area, which, with a populat ...

(that operated against

). * JMZIP: CIA office (location unknown) 1961 * Kent: Carias Viejas, Honduras * KKMOUNTAIN: CIA-Mossad cooperation in the 1960s * KMFLUSH:

* KMPAJAMA:

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

* KMPLEBE:

* KUBARK: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA); CIA Headquarters, Langley * KUBASS: CIA Directorate of Science and Technology (DS&T) * KUCAGE: CIA Psychological and Paramilitary Operations Staff * KUCHAP: CIA Deputy Director for Intelligence (DDI) * KUCITY: CIA Technical Services Division * KUCLUB: CIA Office of Communications * KUDESK: CIA Counterintelligence Center * KUDOVE: CIA Deputy Director for Operations (DDO) * KUFIRE: CIA Foreign Intelligence Staff * KUGOWN: CIA Psychological and Paramilitary Operations Staff * KUHOOK: CIA Paramilitary Operations Staff * KUJAZZ: CIA Office of National Estimates * KUJUMP: CIA Contact Division * KUKNOB: CIA Office of Scientific Intelligence (OSI) * KUMONK: CIA Office of Political Analysis (OPA) * KUPALM: CIA Office of Central Reference * KURIOT: CIA Technical Services Division * KUSODA: Center for CIA Security * KUTUBE: CIA Foreign Intelligence Staff * KUTWIN: Office of Strategic Services (OSS) * KUWOLF: CIA Political and Psychological Staff * KUWRAP: CIA Counterintelligence Center * Larry: Entre Ríos, Guatemala * LCFLUTTER:

Polygraph A polygraph, often incorrectly referred to as a lie detector test, is a pseudoscientific device or procedure that measures and records several physiological indicators such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin conductivity while a ...

, sometimes supplanted by '' truth drugs'': Sodium Amytal (

amobarbital Amobarbital (formerly known as amylobarbitone or sodium amytal as the soluble sodium salt) is a drug that is a barbiturate derivative. It has sedative-hypnotic properties. It is a white crystalline powder with no odor and a slightly bitter taste. ...

), Sodium Pentothal (

thiopental Sodium thiopental, also known as Sodium Pentothal (a trademark of Abbott Laboratories), thiopental, thiopentone, or Trapanal (also a trademark), is a rapid-onset short-acting barbiturate general anesthetic. It is the thiobarbiturate analog ...

), and Seconal (

secobarbital Secobarbital, sold under the brand name Seconal among others, is a short-acting barbiturate drug originally used for the treatment of insomnia. It was patented by Eli Lilly and Company in 1934 in the United States. It possesses anesthetic, antic ...

) to induce regression in the subject. * LCPANGS: Costa Rica * LNHARP: United States Government * LIENVOY: Joint CIA-Mexican Wiretap/intercept program in Mexico.Agee, Philip. 1975. ''Inside the Company: CIA Diary'' * LINC, LINCOLN: PBSUCCESS Headquarters in Florida * LIONIZER: Guatemalan refugee group in Mexico * LITENSOR: Codename of CIA informant

Adolfo López Mateos Adolfo López Mateos (; 26 May 1909 – 22 September 1969) was a Mexican politician and lawyer who served as President of Mexico from 1958 to 1964. Previously, he served as Secretariat of Labor and Social Welfare, Secretary of Labor and Social ...

, president of Mexico. * LITEMPO: Spy network, operated between 1956 and 1969, to exchange information with Mexican top officers. * LITEMPO-1 Emilio Bolanos, nephew of Gustavo Díaz-Ordaz Bolaños (Secretary of the Interior in the cabinet of president

) * LITEMPO-2: Gustavo Díaz-Ordaz Bolaños, Secretary of the Interior in the cabinet of president

and President of Mexico 1964–1970. * LITEMPO-4: Fernando Gutiérrez Barrios, Head of the

Dirección Federal de Seguridad The Dirección Federal de Seguridad (''Federal Security Directorate'', DFS) was a Mexican intelligence agency and secret police. It was created in 1947 under Mexican president Miguel Alemán Valdés with the assistance of U.S. intelligence age ...

(DFS), the top Mexican intelligence agency, at the midst of the

dirty war The Dirty War () is the name used by the military junta or National Reorganization Process, civic-military dictatorship of Argentina () for its period of state terrorism in Argentina from 1974 to 1983. During this campaign, military and secu ...

(1964–1970). * LITEMPO-8 (later LITEMPO-14):

Luis Echeverría Luis Echeverría Álvarez (; 17 January 1922 – 8 July 2022) was a Mexican lawyer, academic, and politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as the 57th president of Mexico from 1970 to 1976. Previously, ...

, Secretary of the Interior in the cabinet of president Gustavo Díaz-Ordaz Bolaños and President of Mexico 1970–1976. * LITEMPO-12: Miguel Nazar Haro, a LITEMPO-4 subordinate, known to be in contact with CIA station chief Winston M. Scott; Nazar Haro later became head of the DFS intelligence agency (1978–1982) * LILINK: Front company providing cover to CIA agents in Mexico City. * LIOVAL-1: CIA agent, posing as English teacher in Mexico City. * LICOWL-1: CIA agent, owner of a small business near the Soviet embassy in Mexico City. * LICOZY-1, LICOZY-3 and LICOZY-5: Anti-KGB double agents in Mexico City. * LICALLA: CIA surveillance posts for the Soviet embassy in Mexico City. * LIMBRACE: Security team for the CIA station in Mexico. * LISAMPAN: Operation "bugging" the Cuban embassy in Mexico City. * LICOBRA: Operation watching suspicious members of the ruling Mexican PRI party, the ministry of the exterior and other Mexican government officials. * LIFIRE: Operation gathering intelligence from Mexican air travel and acquiring travel manifests from international flights. * MHCHAOS: Surveillance of antiwar activists during the

Vietnam War The Vietnam War (1 November 1955 – 30 April 1975) was an armed conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia fought between North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) and South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) and their allies. North Vietnam w ...

. * Mike: Asunción Mita, Guatemala * MJTRUST/2:

Ali Hassan Salameh Ali Hassan Salameh (, ; 1 April 1941 – 22 January 1979; code name: Abu Hassan) was a Palestinian militant who was the chief of operations for Black September and founder of Force 17. He was assassinated in January 1979 as part of an assass ...

* MKCHICKWIT: Identify new drug developments in Europe and Asia and obtain samples, part of MKSEARCH. * MKDELTA: Operational arm of MKULTRA, subsequently became MKNAOMI. * MKNAOMI: Stockpiling of lethal biological and chemical agents, successor to MKDELTA. * MKOFTEN: Testing effects of biological and chemical agents, part of MKSEARCH. * MKSEARCH: MKULTRA after 1964,

mind control Mind control may refer to: Psychology and neurology * Brainwashing, the concept that the human mind can be altered or controlled by certain psychological techniques * Brain–computer interface * Hypnosis * Neuroprosthetics, the technology of cont ...

research. *

MKULTRA MKUltra was an illegal human experimentation program designed and undertaken by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to develop procedures and identify drugs that could be used during interrogations to weaken individuals and force confes ...

: covert funding mechanism for research and development of behavioral modification techniques. Renamed MKSEARCH in 1964. * MPBLOTCH – CIA-developed trace metals detection test during the

. * Nick:

Gualán Gualán is a town and municipality in the Guatemala Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and ...

, Guatemala * ODACID: U.S. Embassy,

United States Department of State The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy of the United State ...

/ U.S. embassy * ODEARL:

United States Department of Defense The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the federal government of the United States, U.S. federal government charged with coordinating and superv ...

* ODENVY:

Federal Bureau of Investigation The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic Intelligence agency, intelligence and Security agency, security service of the United States and Federal law enforcement in the United States, its principal federal law enforcement ag ...

* ODEUM:

Gehlen Organization The Gehlen Organization or Gehlen Org (often referred to as The Org) was an intelligence agency established in June 1946 by U.S. occupation authorities in the United States zone of post-war occupied Germany, and consisted of former members of the ...

(1950–1951)Forging an Intelligence Partnership: CIA and the Origins of the BND, 1949–56
/ref> * ODOATH: United States Navy * ODOPAL:

Counterintelligence Corps The Counter Intelligence Corps (Army CIC) was a World War II and early Cold War intelligence agency within the United States Army consisting of highly trained special agents. Its role was taken over by the U.S. Army Intelligence Corps in 1961 and ...

, United States Army * ODUNIT:

United States Air Force The United States Air Force (USAF) is the Air force, air service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is one of the six United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Tracing its ori ...

* ODURGE:

Immigration and Naturalization Service The United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was a United States federal government agency under the United States Department of Labor from 1933 to 1940 and under the United States Department of Justice from 1940 to 2003. Refe ...

* ODYOKE:

Federal government of the United States The Federal Government of the United States of America (U.S. federal government or U.S. government) is the Federation#Federal governments, national government of the United States. The U.S. federal government is composed of three distinct ...

* OFFSPRING:

(1949–1950) * PANCHO:

* PBFORTUNE: CIA project to supply forces opposed to Guatemala's President Arbenz with weapons, supplies, and funding; predecessor to PBSUCCESS. * PBHISTORY: CIA project to gather and analyze documents from the Arbenz government in Guatemala that would incriminate Arbenz as a communist. * PBJOINTLY: Operation that built a tunnel from the American sector of Berlin, to the Russian sector. * PBCRUET: Psychological warfare radio broadcasts outside Ukraine * PBPRIME: United States * PBRUMEN: Cuba * PBS, PBSUCCESS: Central Intelligence Agency covert operation to overthrow Arbenz government in Guatemala * POCAPON:

Taketora Ogata was a Japanese journalist, Vice President of the Asahi Shimbun newspaper and later a politician. During the war, he joined the Imperial Rule Assistance Association. After the end of the war, he was purged from public service. Later, he became t ...

, Japanese politician in the 1950s. * PODAM:

Matsutarō Shōriki was a Japanese media proprietor and politician. He was the owner of the ''Yomiuri Shimbun'', founder of the Yomiuri Giants and the Nippon Television Network Corporation. After a career as a police officer, Shoriki acquired the bankrupt ''Yomiu ...

, Japanese businessman and politician. * PYREX: Language units in WEMCA station * QJWIN: European assassin. Also described as an "assassin recruiter". * QKBROIL: Psychological warfare in Romania * QKCIGAR: United States Government * QKELUSION: West German Social Democratic Party (SPD) * QKFLOWAGE:

United States Information Agency The United States Information Agency (USIA) was a United States government agency devoted to propaganda which operated from 1953 to 1999. Previously existing United States Information Service (USIS) posts operating out of U.S. embassies wor ...

* QKENCHANT: CIA program associated with E. Howard Hunt (1918–2007), who with

G. Gordon Liddy George Gordon Battle Liddy (November 30, 1930 – March 30, 2021) was an American lawyer and FBI agent who was convicted of conspiracy, burglary, and illegal wiretapping for his role in the Watergate scandal during the Nixon administration. Work ...

and others, was one of the White House's "plumbers"—a secret team of operatives charged with fixing "leaks". * QKFLOWAGE:

* QKHILLTOP: CIA program to study Chinese Communist brainwashing techniques and to develop interrogation techniques. * QRDYNAMIC: A financial support program for Ukrainian-language publications to offset Soviet propaganda * QRTENURE: Covert operation in New York City * QTGULL: CIA Polish agent Ryszard Kukliński (also CKGULL) * RANTER: Psychological warfare radio broadcasts from Greece * RUFUS:

* SARANAC: training site in Nicaragua * SCRANTON: training base for radio operators near Nicaragua * SD/PLOD/1: deputy prime minister for the

Interim government of Iran The Interim Government of Iran () was the first government established in Iran after the Iranian Revolution. The regime was headed by Mehdi Bazargan, one of the members of the Freedom Movement of Iran, and formed on the order of Ayatollah Kh ...

Abbas Amir-Entezam * SGUAT: CIA Station in Guatemala * SHELLAC: Clandestine radio station in Romania, part of QKBROIL * SHERWOOD: CIA radio broadcasting program based in Nicaragua begun on May 1, 1954 * SKILLET, Whiting Willauer, U.S. Ambassador to Honduras * SKIMMER, The "Group" CIA cover organization supporting Castillo Armas * SLINC, telegram indicator for PBSUCCESS Headquarters in Florida *SRPOINTER or SGPOINTER: name for the mail intercept program from 1952 to 1955; later renamed HTLINGUAL. * STANDEL: Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala * STORMY:

LSD Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD (from German ; often referred to as acid or lucy), is a semisynthetic, hallucinogenic compound derived from ergot, known for its powerful psychological effects and serotonergic activity. I ...

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD (from German ; often referred to as acid or lucy), is a Semisynthesis, semisynthetic, Hallucinogen, hallucinogenic compound derived from ergot, known for its powerful psychological effects and ...

, psychedelic drug experiments on public. * SMOTH: UK

Secret Intelligence Service The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6 (MI numbers, Military Intelligence, Section 6), is the foreign intelligence service of the United Kingdom, tasked mainly with the covert overseas collection and analysis of Human i ...

(MI6) * SYNCARP: the "Junta", Castillo Armas' political organization headed by Córdova Cerna * TPBEDAMN: U.S. operation to counter communist subversion in Iran with propaganda and bribes. * TPAJAX: Overthrow of Mohammed Mossadeq, Prime Minister of

, in the 1953 Iranian coup orchestrated by a joint US/UK operation * TPCREDO:

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

* TPROACH:

Yugoslavia , common_name = Yugoslavia , life_span = 1918–19921941–1945: World War II in Yugoslavia#Axis invasion and dismemberment of Yugoslavia, Axis occupation , p1 = Kingdom of SerbiaSerbia , flag_p ...

* TPTONIC: National Committee for Free Europe (NCFE) * UNREST: Otto von Bolschwing * UPTHRUST:

Konrad Adenauer Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967) was a German statesman and politician who served as the first Chancellor of Germany, chancellor of West Germany from 1949 to 1963. From 1946 to 1966, he was the first leader of th ...

* USAGE: Otto von Bolschwing * UTILITY:

Reinhard Gehlen Reinhard Gehlen (3 April 1902 – 8 June 1979) was a German military and intelligence officer, later dubbed "Hitler's Super Spy," who served the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, and West Germany, and also worked for the United States during the e ...

, first president of the Bundesnachrichtendienst * WASHTUB: Operation to plant Soviet arms in Nicaragua * WEMCA: CIA communications station in Athens, Greece * WOFIRM: Unidentified cryptonym mentioned in a dispatch which describes a request to release a document pertaining to the

Warren Commission The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as the Warren Commission, was established by President of the United States, President Lyndon B. Johnson through on November 29, 1963, to investigate the A ...

. It may have been the codename for

Richard Helms Richard McGarrah Helms (March 30, 1913 – October 23, 2002) was an American government official and diplomat who served as Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from 1966 to 1973. Helms began intelligence work with the Office of Strategic Ser ...

or his department. * WSBURNT: Guatemala * WSHOOFS: Honduras * ZIPPER:

(1951–1956) * ZRRIFLE: An assassination plot targeting Fidel Castro

Operations and projects

* APPLE: Agent team seen in 1952 by CIA/OPC as best bet to successfully continue BGFIEND Project aimed to harass/overthrow Albanian communist regime. Team was arrested, communists controlled radio ops for 16 months, luring more agents into Albania in 1953, and trying and executing original agents in 1954 to suddenly end BGFIEND. *

ARTICHOKE The artichoke (''Cynara cardunculus'' var. ''scolymus''),Rottenberg, A., and D. Zohary, 1996: "The wild ancestry of the cultivated artichoke." Genet. Res. Crop Evol. 43, 53–58. also known by the other names: French artichoke, globe artichoke, ...

: Researching methods of interrogation. Precursor to MKULTRA. Primary goal of Project Artichoke was to determine whether a person could be involuntarily made to perform an act of attempted assassination. The project also studied the effects of mind control and hypnosis, forced addiction to (and subsequent withdrawal from) morphine, and other chemicals, including LSD, to produce amnesia and other vulnerable states in victims. * AZORIAN: Project to raise the

Soviet submarine K-129 Soviet submarine ''K-129'' may refer to one or both of the following submarines of the Soviet Navy The Soviet Navy was the naval warfare Military, uniform service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces. Often referred to as the Red Fleet, the Soviet N ...

from the Pacific Ocean.Sharp 2012 * BGGYPSY: Communist. * BIRCH * BLACKSHIELD: A-12 aircraft reconnaissance missions off Okinawa.Smith 2003 * BLUEBIRD: mind control program * BOND: Puerto Barrios, Guatemala. * CATIDE:

Bundesnachrichtendienst The Federal Intelligence Service (, ; BND) is the foreign intelligence agency of Germany, directly subordinate to the Federal Chancellery of Germany, Chancellor's Office. The Headquarters of the Federal Intelligence Service, BND headquarters is ...

. * CHARITY: Joint CIA/OSO-Italian Naval Intelligence information gathering operation against Albania (1948–1951). * CHERRY: Covert assassination / destabilization operation during Vietnam War, targeting Prince (later King)

Norodom Sihanouk Norodom Sihanouk (; 31 October 192215 October 2012) was a member of the House of Norodom, Cambodian royal house who led the country as Monarchy of Cambodia, King, List of heads of state of Cambodia, Chief of State and Prime Minister of Cambodi ...

and the government of Cambodia. Disbanded. * CKTAW: Wiretap operation in Moscow, Russia. * DTFROGS: El Salvador. * ESCOBILLA: Guatemalan national. * ESMERALDITE: Labor informant affiliated with AFL-sponsored labor movement. * ESQUIRE:

James Bamford James Bamford (born September 15, 1946) is an American author, journalist and documentary producer noted for his writing about United States intelligence agencies, especially the National Security Agency (NSA). ''The New York Times'' has calle ...

, author of ''The Puzzle Palace''. * ESSENCE: Guatemalan anti-communist leader. * FDTRODPINT: Afghan tribal agents, formerly known as GESENIOR, reactivated in the 1990s by the CIA to hunt

Mir Aimal Kasi Aimal Kansi (10 February 1964 – 14 November 2002) was a Pakistani national who was convicted of the 1993 shootings at CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia. In the incident, Kansi shot and killed two CIA employees and wounded three others. ...

and later

Osama bin Laden Osama bin Laden (10 March 19572 May 2011) was a militant leader who was the founder and first general emir of al-Qaeda. Ideologically a pan-Islamist, Bin Laden participated in the Afghan ''mujahideen'' against the Soviet Union, and support ...

.Steve Coll, ''Ghost Wars'', p.372 * FIR * FUBELT: operation against

Salvador Allende Salvador Guillermo Allende Gossens (26 June 1908 – 11 September 1973) was a Chilean socialist politician who served as the 28th president of Chile from 1970 until Death of Salvador Allende, his death in 1973 Chilean coup d'état, 1973. As a ...

in Chile. * FJGROUND:

Grafenwöhr Grafenwöhr (, Northern Bavarian: ''Groafawehr'') is a town in the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab, in the region of the Upper Palatinate () in eastern Bavaria, Germany. It is widely known for the United States Army military installation an ...

, Germany paramilitary training ground. * FJHOPEFUL: Military base. * FPBERM: Yugoslavia * GESENIOR: Afghan tribal agents working with the CIA during the

Soviet–Afghan War The Soviet–Afghan War took place in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan from December 1979 to February 1989. Marking the beginning of the 46-year-long Afghan conflict, it saw the Soviet Union and the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic o ...

. Later called FDTRODPINT. * GPFLOOR:

Lee Harvey Oswald Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18, 1939 – November 24, 1963) was a U.S. Marine veteran who assassinated John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, on November 22, 1963. Oswald was placed in juvenile detention at age 12 for truan ...

. * GPIDEAL:

John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), also known as JFK, was the 35th president of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the first Roman Catholic and youngest person elected p ...

, US president. * GRATTIC: Pyotr Popov, CIA Soviet agent. * GUSTO: Project to design a follow-on to the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft. Succeeded

RAINBOW A rainbow is an optical phenomenon caused by refraction, internal reflection and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in a continuous spectrum of light appearing in the sky. The rainbow takes the form of a multicoloured circular ...

. Succeeded by

OXCART The Lockheed A-12 is a retired high-altitude, Mach 3+ reconnaissance aircraft built for the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) by Lockheed's Skunk Works, based on the designs of Clarence "Kelly" Johnson. The aircraft was ...

.Pedlow & Welzenbach, p. 274. * HBFAIRY: France * HTCURIO: American or U.S. (Not Government) * IAFEATURE: Operation to support the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (

UNITA The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (, abbr. UNITA) is the second-largest political party in Angola. Founded in 1966, UNITA fought alongside the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Liberat ...

) and the

National Liberation Front of Angola The National Front for the Liberation of Angola (; abbreviated FNLA) is a political party and former militant organisation that fought for Angolan independence from Portugal in the war of independence, under the leadership of Holden Roberto. F ...

(FNLA) during the

Angolan civil war The Angolan Civil War () was a civil war in Angola, beginning in 1975 and continuing, with interludes, until 2002. The war began immediately after Angola became independent from Portugal in November 1975. It was a power struggle between two for ...

. * IDIOM: Initial work by

Convair Convair, previously Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation, was an American aircraft-manufacturing company that later expanded into rockets and spacecraft. The company was formed in 1943 by the merger of Consolidated Aircraft and Vultee ...

on a follow-on to the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft. Later moved into GUSTO. * Project JBEDICT: Tripartite Stay-Behind project. * JENNIFER: Document control system for Project AZORIAN. * KEMPSTER: Project to reduce the

radar cross section Radar cross-section (RCS), denoted σ, also called radar signature, is a measure of how detectable an object is by radar. A larger RCS indicates that an object is more easily detected. An object reflects a limited amount of radar energy b ...

(RCS) of the inlets of the Lockheed A-12 reconnaissance aircraft. * KMHYMNAL: Maine-built motor sailer JUANITA purchased by CIA to use as floating, clandestine, propaganda broadcast facility in Mediterranean/Adriatic (1950–53). * LEMON * LNWILT: US Counterintelligence Corps (CIC) * LPMEDLEY: Surveillance of telegraphic information exiting or entering the United States. * MAGPIE: US Army Labor Service Organization * MATADOR: Project to recover section of Soviet submarine K-129 dropped during Project AZORIAN. Cancelled after Soviet protest. * MK NAOMI: successor to the MKULTRA project focusing on biological projects including biological warfare agents — specifically, to store materials that could either incapacitate or kill a test subject and to develop devices for the diffusion of such materials. * MK ULTRA: a human experimentation program to develop procedures and identify drugs that could be used during interrogations to weaken individuals and force confessions through brainwashing and psychological torture. Successor to ARTICHOKE; succeeded by MKNAOMI. *

MOCKINGBIRD Mockingbirds are a group of New World passerine birds from the family (biology), family Mimidae. They are best known for the habit of some species Mimicry, mimicking the songs of other birds and the sounds of insects and amphibians, often loudly ...

: a wire tapping operation of two journalists in 1963 to determine the source of leaked information *

: "Primarily a relentless and escalating campaign of sabotage and small

Cuban exile A Cuban exile is a person who has been exiled from Cuba. Many Cuban exiles have various differing experiences as emigrants depending on when they emigrated from Cuba, and why they emigrated. The exile of Cubans has been a dominating factor in C ...

raids that would somehow cause the overthrow of Castro," which "also included plans for an invasion of Cuba in the fall of 1962". * NAOMI: ''see MK NAOMI''. * OAK: Operation to assassinate suspected South Vietnamese collaborators during

. * PANCHO:

, President of Guatemala, also RUFUS. *

PAPERCLIP A paper clip (or paperclip) is a tool used to hold sheets of paper together, usually made of steel wire bent to a looped shape (though some are covered in plastic). Most paper clips are variations of the ''Gem'' type introduced in the 1890s or ...

: US recruiting of German scientists after World War II. * PHOENIX: Vietnam covert intelligence/assassination operation. * PINE *

: Project to reduce the

(RCS) of the Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance aircraft. Succeeded by GUSTO. * QKWAVER: Egypt * RUFUS:

, President of Guatemala, also PANCHO. * RYBAT: Secret. * SARANAC: Training site in Nicaragua. * SCRANTON: Training base for radio operators near Nicaragua. * SGCIDER: Germany. * SGUAT: CIA Station in Guatemala. * SHERWOOD: CIA radio broadcast program in Nicaragua begun on May 1, 1954. * SKILLET: Whiting Willauer, U.S. Ambassador to Honduras. * SKIMMER: The "Group" CIA cover organization supporting Castillo Armas. * SLINC: Telegram indicator for PBSUCCESS Headquarters in Florida. * STANDEL: Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala. *

STARGATE ''Stargate'' is a military science fiction media franchise owned by Amazon MGM Studios. It is based on Stargate (film), the film directed by Roland Emmerich, which he co-wrote with producer Dean Devlin; production company StudioCanal owns the ...

: Investigation of psychic phenomena. * STBAILEY: political action and propaganda part of STBARNUM. * STBARNUM: CIA Tibetan program (covert action in Tibet, 1950s onwards).Kenneth Conboy and James Morrison, ''The CIA's Secret War in Tibet'', Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2002, p. * STCIRCUS: aerial part of STBARNUM. * STSPIN: Three P-3A Orion aircraft operated from Taiwan in 1966. * SYNCARP: The "Junta", Castillo Armas' political organization headed by Cordova Cerna. * THERMOS: Unclassified codeword used in lieu of

. * THROWOFF/2: Albanian ethnic agent/radio operator employed by Italian Navy Intelligence/CIA in several early Cold War covert operations against Albania. Was captured, operated radio under communist control to lure CIA agents to capture/death, tried in 1954, death sentence commuted, freed after 25 years. CIA paid his son $40,000 in 1996. * OPERATION TILT: The CIA's name for "an operation put together by John Martino, who was fronting for his boss Santo Trafficante and his roommate

Johnny Roselli John "Handsome Johnny" Roselli (sometimes spelled Rosselli; born Filippo Sacco; July 4, 1905 – August 7, 1976) was an Italian-born mobster for the Chicago Outfit who helped that organization exert influence over Hollywood and the Las Vegas Str ...

". OPERATION TILT used "some of the same people working on the CIA-Mafia plots in the spring of 1963 ... ndinvolved sending a Cuban exile team into Cuba to retrieve Soviet technicians supposedly ready to defect and reveal the existence of Soviet missiles still on the island".Waldron & Hartmann 2005, p. 438 * TROPIC: Air operations flown over North Korea, China, and the Soviet Union by CAT pilots during the 1950s. *

ULTRA Ultra may refer to: Science and technology * Ultra (cryptography), the codename for cryptographic intelligence obtained from signal traffic in World War II * Adobe Ultra, a vector-keying application * Sun Ultra series, a brand of computer work ...

: ''see MK ULTRA''. * VALUABLE: British MI-run Albanian operations 1949 to 1953. * WASHTUB: Operation to plant Soviet arms in Nicaragua. * WBFISHY: UK's Foreign and Commonwealth Office. * WSBURNT: Guatemala. * WSHOOFS: Honduras. * ZAPATA:

1961.

Notes

Bibliography

* Agee, Philip. 1975. ''Inside the Company: CIA Diary''. Stonehill Publishing , p. 48 * Carl, Leo D. 1990. ''The International Dictionary of Intelligence''. Mavin Books, p. 107 * * DPD Contracting Officer, ''Change of Project Funds Obligated under Contract No. SS-100''. CIA DPD-2827-59, 30 April 1959. * Helms, Richard and Hood, William. 2003. ''A Look Over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency''. Random House, pp. 378–379 * Pedlow, Gregory W. and Welzenbach, Donald E. 1992. ''The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance: The U-2 and OXCART Programs, 1954–1974''. CIA History Staff. * * Smith W. Thomas. 2003. ''

Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency ''Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency'' is a 2003 book by W. Thomas Smith Jr. It is an encyclopedic work on the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the only independent agency of the United States federal government that is tasked wit ...

''. Checkmark Books * Stockwell, John. 1978. ''In Search of Enemies'' * Waldron, Lamar and Hartmann, Thom. 2009. ''Legacy of Secrecy: The Long Shadow of the JFK Assassination''. Counterpoint (LS) * Waldron, Lamar and Hartmann, Thom. 2005. ''Ultimate Sacrifice: John and Robert Kennedy, the Plan for a Coup in Cuba, and the Murder of JFK'' Carroll & Graf Publishers (US) * Wallace, Robert and H. Keith Melton. 2008. ''Spycraft: The Secret History of the CIA's Spytechs from Communism to Al-Qaeda''. Dutton. * Weiner, Tim. 2008. ''Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA''.

Anchor Books Vintage Books is a trade paperback publishing imprint of Penguin Random House originally established by Alfred A. Knopf in 1954. The company was acquired by Random House in April 1960, and a British division was set up in 1990. After Random Ho ...

. * Wise, David. 1992. ''Molehunt''. Random House, p. 19.

External links

CIA Cryptonyms
at Mary Ferrell Foundation
Research Aid: Cryptonyms and Terms in Declassified CIA Files
by the Assassination Records Review Board (ARRB) Code names Military terminology of the United States