Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park ( id, Taman Nasional Bukit Baka Bukit Raya) is a
national park
A national park is a nature park, natural park in use for conservation (ethic), conservation purposes, created and protected by national governments. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state dec ...
located on
Borneo
Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and eas ...
Island,
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
. It is named after the mountains of Bukit Baka () and Bukit Raya (),
[Ministry of Forestry of Indonesia]
"Taman Nasional Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya"
, retrieved 4 December 2013 part of the Schwaner mountain range at the border of
Central
Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object.
Central may also refer to:
Directions and generalised locations
* Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...
and
West Kalimantan
West Kalimantan ( id, Kalimantan Barat) is a province of Indonesia. It is one of five Indonesian provinces comprising Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. Its capital city is Pontianak, Indonesia, Pontianak. The province has ...
.
[Bellefroid, E. et al]
"Additions to the Pteridophyte Flora of Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo"
in ''American Fern Journal'', Vol.97, No.1, 2007
The national park forms part of the
Heart of Borneo
The Heart of Borneo is a conservation agreement initiated by the World Wide Fund for Nature to protect a 220,000 km² forested region on Borneo island. The agreement was signed by the governments of Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia in Bali on 1 ...
conservation project.
Flora and fauna
There have been 817 species of plant recorded in the park, including from the families of
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus ''Dipterocarpus'', is derived from Greek (''di'' = two, ''pteron'' = wing and ''karpos'' = fru ...
,
Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae, the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All speci ...
,
Sapotaceae
240px, '' Madhuca longifolia'' var. ''latifolia'' in Narsapur, Medak district, India
The Sapotaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants belonging to the order (biology), order Ericales. The family includes about 800 species of ev ...
,
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most spurges, such as ''Euphorbia paralias'', are herbs, but some, e ...
,
Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ). They are dicotyledons, and occur ma ...
and
Ericaceae
The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c.4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it th ...
. Plants endemic to the island include ''
Symplocos rayae'', ''
Gluta sabahana'', ''
Dillenia beccariana'', ''
Lithocarpus coopertus
''Lithocarpus coopertus'' is a tree in the beech family Fagaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "covered over", referring to the acorn.
Description
''Lithocarpus coopertus'' grows as a tree up to tall with a trunk diameter ...
'', ''
Selaginnella magnifica'' and ''
Tetracera glaberrima
''Tetracera'' is a genus of flowering plants of the Dilleniaceae family native to the tropics. Several species are lianas.
Species
'' Plants of the World Online'' currently includes:
# '' Tetracera affinis'' Hutch.
# '' Tetracera akara'' (Bu ...
''.
The park protects the habitat of
clouded leopards,
orangutan
Orangutans are great apes native to the rainforests of Indonesia and Malaysia. They are now found only in parts of Borneo and Sumatra, but during the Pleistocene they ranged throughout Southeast Asia and South China. Classified in the genus ...
s,
sun bear
The sun bear (''Helarctos malayanus'') is a species in the family Ursidae (the only species in the genus ''Helarctos'') occurring in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. It is the smallest bear, standing nearly at the shoulder and weighing ...
s (''Helarctos malayanus euryspilus''),
maroon leaf monkey
The maroon langur, maroon leaf monkey, or red leaf monkey (''Presbytis rubicunda'') is a member of the family Cercopithecidae. It is found on the southeast Asian island of Borneo and the nearby smaller Karimata. ''P. rubicunda'' mostly live in fo ...
s,
slow loris
Slow lorises are a group of several species of nocturnal strepsirrhine primates that make up the genus ''Nycticebus''. Found in Southeast Asia and bordering areas, they range from Bangladesh and Northeast India in the west to the Sulu Archipe ...
es (''Nycticebus coucang borneanus''),
sambar deer
The sambar (''Rusa unicolor'') is a large deer native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia that is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List since 2008. Populations have declined substantially due to severe hunting, local ins ...
and
flying squirrels.
Bird species in the park include the
black hornbill
The black hornbill (''Anthracoceros malayanus'') is a species of bird of the hornbill family Bucerotidae. It lives in Asia in Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand.
The Black-casqued Hornbill has a selectiveness towards th ...
,
helmeted hornbill
The helmeted hornbill (''Rhinoplax vigil'') is a very large bird in the hornbill family. It is found on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Thailand and Myanmar. The casque (helmetlike structure on the head) accounts for some 11% of its 3 ...
,
common emerald dove
The common emerald dove (''Chalcophaps indica''), also called Asian emerald dove and grey-capped emerald dove, is a widespread resident breeding pigeon native to the tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. ...
,
little cuckoo-dove
The little cuckoo-dove (''Macropygia ruficeps'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is a reddish brown pigeon, and is found in Brunei, China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is rated as a species of&n ...
,
Bornean White-Bearded Gibbon
The Bornean white-bearded gibbon (''Hylobates albibarbis''), also known as the Bornean agile gibbon or southern gibbon, is a species of gibbon endemic to southern Borneo. It is an endangered species, due to the undergoing logging of the tropical ...
and
Bornean peacock-pheasant
The Bornean peacock-pheasant (''Polyplectron schleiermacheri'') is a medium-sized pheasant. It is probably the rarest and certainly the least known of all peacock-pheasants. This elusive bird is endemic to lowland forests of Borneo.
Description
...
.
Human habitation
Indigenous people in the park include the ethnic groups of the Dayak Limbai, Ransa, Kenyilu, Ot Danum, Malahui, Kahoi and Kahayan.
Conservation and threats
In 1978 a nature reserve of 500 km
2 around Bukit Raya was established, and the next year it was extended to 1,100 km
2. In 1982 the Bukit Baka nature reserve was established, comprising 1,000 km
2. After several smaller alterations to the boundaries of both reserves, in 1992 the two protected areas were merged into the Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park comprising 1,810 km
2.
[Ministry of Forestry of Indonesia]
"Taman Nasional Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya"
, retrieved 4 December 2013
The park has been affected by severe
illegal logging
Illegal logging is the harvest, transportation, purchase or sale of timber in violation of laws. The harvesting procedure itself may be illegal, including using corrupt means to gain access to forests; extraction without permission, or from a pro ...
since the end of the 20th century.
References
{{authority control
National parks of Indonesia
Geography of Central Kalimantan
Geography of West Kalimantan
Protected areas established in 1992
Tourist attractions in West Kalimantan
Protected areas of Kalimantan
Tourist attractions in Central Kalimantan