Jean-Barthélemy Hauréau (; 9 November 1812 – 29 April 1896) was a 19th-century French historian, journalist and administrator.
Education and appointments
Born in Paris, he was educated at the
Louis-le-Grand and Bourbon colleges in his native city, and won high honours at his public examination. After graduating he became a journalist, and soon was a contributor to several democratic papers: ''La Tribune'', ''Le National'', ''Le Droit'', and ''La Revue du Nord''; at ''Le National'', he was praised by
Théophile Gautier
Pierre Jules Théophile Gautier ( , ; 30 August 1811 – 23 October 1872) was a French poet, dramatist, novelist, journalist, and art and literary critic.
While an ardent defender of Romanticism, Gautier's work is difficult to classify and rema ...
as the "tribune" of
romanticism
Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate ...
. At the age of twenty he published a series of apologetic studies on the
Montagnards
Montagnard (''of the mountain'' or ''mountain dweller'') may refer to:
* Montagnard (French Revolution), members of The Mountain (''La Montagne''), a political group during the French Revolution (1790s)
** Montagnard (1848 revolution), members of t ...
— in later years, regretting his youthful enthusiasm, he attempted to destroy the studies.
In 1838 he took the chief editorship of the ''Courrier de la Sarthe'' and was appointed librarian of the city of
Le Mans, which position he retained until 1845, when he was dismissed on account of comments of his on the daring speech of the Mayor of le Mans to the
Duke of Nemours Duke of Nemours was a title in the Peerage of France. The name refers to Nemours in the Île-de-France region of north-central France.
History
In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Lordship of Nemours, in the Gatinais, France, was a possession of t ...
. He returned to Paris and once more became one of the editors of ''Le National''.
At this time he seemed destined for a political career, and after the
revolution of 24 February 1848 was elected to the National Assembly; but close contact with revolutionary men and ideas cooled his old ardour. Throughout his life he opposed innovation, not only in politics and religion, but also in literature. After the ''
coup d'état
A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, m ...
'' he resigned his position as director of the manuscript department of the
Bibliothèque Nationale
A library is a collection of materials, books or media that are accessible for use and not just for display purposes. A library provides physical (hard copies) or digital access (soft copies) materials, and may be a physical location or a vi ...
, to which he had been appointed in 1848, and refused to accept an administrative post until after the fall of the empire. Having acted as director of the national printing press from 1870 to 1881, he retired, but in 1893 accepted the post of director of the
Fondation Thiers. He was also a member of the council of improvement of the
École des Chartes.
Historical writing
For over half a century he wrote on the religious, philosophical, and more particularly the literary history of the
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...
. Appointed librarian of the town of
Le Mans in 1838, he was first attracted by the history of
Maine
Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and ...
, and in 1843 published the first volume of his ''Histoire littéraire du Maine'' (4 vols., 1843–1852), which he subsequently recast on a new plan (10 vols., 1870–1877). In 1845 he brought out an edition of vol. ii of
Gilles Ménage
Gilles Ménage (; 15 August 1613 – 23 July 1692) was a French scholar.
Biography
He was born at Angers, the son of Guillaume Ménage, king's advocate at Angers. A good memory and enthusiasm for learning carried him quickly through his lite ...
's ''Histoire de Sablé''. He then undertook the continuation of the ''
Gallia christiana
The ''Gallia Christiana'', a type of work of which there have been several editions, is a documentary catalogue or list, with brief historical notices, of all the Catholic dioceses and abbeys of France from the earliest times, also of their occupan ...
'', and produced vol. xiv (1856) for the
province of Tours, vol. xv (1862) for the
province of Besançon, and vol. xvi (1865–1870) for the
province of Vienne. This work gained him admission to the
Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
The Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres () is a French learned society devoted to history, founded in February 1663 as one of the five academies of the Institut de France. The academy's scope was the study of ancient inscriptions (epigr ...
(1862).
In the ''Notices et extraits des manuscrits'' he inserted several papers which were afterwards published separately, with additions and corrections, under the title ''Notices et extraits de quelques manuscrits de la Bibliothèque nationale'' (6 vols., 1890–1893). To the ''
Histoire littéraire de la France
''Histoire littéraire de la France'' is an enormous history of French literature initiated in 1733 by Dom Rivet and the Benedictines of St. Maur. It was abandoned in 1763 after the publication of volume XII. In 1814, members of the Académie d ...
'' he contributed a number of studies, among which must be mentioned that relating to the sermon-writers (vol. xxvi), whose works, being often anonymous, raise many problems of attribution.
Among his other works were the remarkable ''Histoire de la philosophie scolastique'' (1872–1880); ''Les Mélanges poétiques d'Hildebert de Lavardin'' (1852); an edition of the Works of
Hugh of St Victor
Hugh of Saint Victor ( 1096 – 11 February 1141), was a Saxon canon regular and a leading theologian and writer on mystical theology.
Life
As with many medieval figures, little is known about Hugh's early life. He was probably born in the 1090 ...
(1886); a critical study of the
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
poems attributed to
St Bernard (1870); and ''Bernard Délicieux et l'Inquisition albigeoise'' (1877). To these must be added his contributions to the ''Dictionnaire des sciences philosophiques'',
Didot Didot may refer to:
* Didot family, family of French printers, punch-cutters and publishers that flourished mainly in the 18th century
* Didot (typeface)
Didot is a group of typefaces. The word/name Didot came from the famous French printing and ...
's ''Biographie générale'', the ''
Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes
The ''Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes'' is a journal dedicated to the study and use of medieval manuscripts. It was founded in 1839 and continues to provide bi-annual issues with articles and abstracts in French, English, and German. Star ...
'', and the ''Journal des savants''.
From the time of his appointment to the Bibliothèque Nationale up to the last days of his life he was engaged in making abstracts of all the medieval
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
writings (many anonymous or of doubtful attribution) relating to philosophy, theology,
grammar
In linguistics, the grammar of a natural language is its set of structural constraints on speakers' or writers' composition of clauses, phrases, and words. The term can also refer to the study of such constraints, a field that includes domain ...
,
Canon law
Canon law (from grc, κανών, , a 'straight measuring rod, ruler') is a set of ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (church leadership) for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is th ...
, and poetry, carefully noting on cards the first words of each passage.
He died in Paris. After his death this index of ''incipits'', arranged alphabetically, was presented to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, and a copy was placed in the manuscript department of the Bibliothèque Nationale.
Works
Haureau acquired by his work the reputation of a first-rate scholar. Regardless of numerous articles published in the ''Dictionnaire des sciences philosophiques'', ''l'Encyclopédie nouvelle'', ''l'Encyclopédie moderne'', the ''Biographie générale'' of
Didot Didot may refer to:
* Didot family, family of French printers, punch-cutters and publishers that flourished mainly in the 18th century
* Didot (typeface)
Didot is a group of typefaces. The word/name Didot came from the famous French printing and ...
, ''le Siècle'', etc., we owe him:
* ''La Montagne'' (Paris 1834), historical and philosophical notices on key members of
The Mountain
The Mountain (french: La Montagne) was a political group during the French Revolution. Its members, called the Montagnards (), sat on the highest benches in the National Convention.
They were the most radical group and opposed the Girondins. Th ...
, with their portraits engraved etchings by
Philippe-Auguste Jeanron, including biographies of
Danton
Georges Jacques Danton (; 26 October 1759 – 5 April 1794) was a French lawyer and a leading figure in the French Revolution. He became a deputy to the Paris Commune, presided in the Cordeliers district, and visited the Jacobin club. In August ...
,
Camille Desmoulins
Lucie-Simplice-Camille-Benoît Desmoulins (; 2 March 17605 April 1794) was a French journalist and politician who played an important role in the French Revolution. Desmoulins was tried and executed alongside Georges Danton when the Committee ...
,
Collot d'Herbois,
Marat
Marat may refer to:
People
*Marat (given name)
*Marat (surname)
**Jean-Paul Marat (1743-1793), French political theorist, physician and scientist
Arts, entertainment, and media
*''Marat/Sade'', a 1963 play by Peter Weiss
* ''Marat/Sade'' (fil ...
,
Fouquier-Tinville
Antoine Quentin Fouquier de Tinville (, 10 June 17467 May 1795) was a French lawyer and public prosecutor during the French Revolution and Reign of Terror.
Biography
Early career
Born in Herouël, a village in the ''département'' of the Aisne, ...
,
Robespierre,
Saint-Just, etc. Initially scheduled for May 1832, publication took place in 1834 because of insurrections.
* ''Critique des hypothèses métaphysiques de Manès et de Pélage et de l'idéalisme transcendal de
saint Augustine
Augustine of Hippo ( , ; la, Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430), also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Afr ...
'' (Le Mans, 1840) ;
* ''Histoire littéraire du
Maine
Maine () is a state in the New England and Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and ...
'' (Paris Lanier 1843–1852, 4 vol. in-8°), which he reworked and enriched between 1870 and 1877, enlarging it to 10 volumes ; see full text of ''Histoire littéraire du Maine'', coll. CD-ROM, Copyright , Le Mans, 2006.
* ''Manuel du clergé ou Examen de l'ouvrage de M. Bouvier'', (Angers, 1844), commentaries on the book by Jean-Baptiste Bouvier, bishop of Le Mans, ''Institutiones theologicae ad usum seminariorum'', that earned him severe attacks by clericals ;
* ''Histoire de la Pologne'' (Paris 1844);
* ''Histoire de la peinture'' (1848–1852, in-32);
* ''Examen critique de la philosophie scolastique'' (1848, 2 vol. in-8°), work crowned the same year by the
Académie des sciences morales et politiques
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosop ...
;
* ''
Charlemagne
Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first ...
et sa cour'' (1852);
* ''
François Ier et sa cour'' (Paris Hachette 1853) ;
* ''
Gallia Christiana
The ''Gallia Christiana'', a type of work of which there have been several editions, is a documentary catalogue or list, with brief historical notices, of all the Catholic dioceses and abbeys of France from the earliest times, also of their occupan ...
, volume XIV'' (province of
Tours
Tours ( , ) is one of the largest cities in the region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is the prefecture of the department of Indre-et-Loire. The commune of Tours had 136,463 inhabitants as of 2018 while the population of the whole metro ...
) (1856) ;
* ''
Hugues de Saint-Victor'' (Paris 1859), then in 1886 new edition with considerable additions ;
* ''Singularités historiques et littéraires'' (Paris 1861) ;
* ''Gallia Christiana, volume XV'' (province of
Besançon
Besançon (, , , ; archaic german: Bisanz; la, Vesontio) is the prefecture of the department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The city is located in Eastern France, close to the Jura Mountains and the border with Switzer ...
) (1862) ;
* ''Catalogue chronologique des œuvres de J.-B. Gerbier'' (1863) ;
* ''Histoire de la philosophie scolastique'' (1863–1880) in three volumes ;
* ''Gallia Christiana, volume XVI'' (province of
Vienne
Vienne (; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Viéne'') is a landlocked department in the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It takes its name from the river Vienne. It had a population of 438,435 in 2019.[Bernard Délicieux
Bernard Délicieux (c. 1260-1270 1320) was a Spiritual Franciscan friar who resisted the Inquisition in Carcassonne and Languedoc region of southern France.
Early life
Born in Montpellier, France sometime in 1260-1270, Délicieux joined the F ...]
et l'inquisition albigeoise'' (Paris Hachette 1877) ;
* ''Notices et extraits de quelques manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Nationale'' (Paris Klincksieck 6 volumes, from 1890 to 1893) ;
** vol. 1: https://archive.org/details/noticesetextrai02manugoog
** vol. 2: https://archive.org/details/noticesetextrai03manugoog
** vol. 3: https://archive.org/details/noticesetextrai04manugoog
** vol. 4: https://archive.org/details/noticesetextrai00manugoog
** vol. 5: https://archive.org/details/noticesetextrai05manugoog
** vol. 6: https://archive.org/details/noticesetextrai01manugoog
* The ''
Pharsalia
''De Bello Civili'' (; ''On the Civil War''), more commonly referred to as the ''Pharsalia'', is a Roman epic poem written by the poet Lucan, detailing the civil war between Julius Caesar and the forces of the Roman Senate led by Pompey the Gr ...
'' by
Lucan, and ''Facétie sur la mort de Claude'' by
Seneca
Seneca may refer to:
People and language
* Seneca (name), a list of people with either the given name or surname
* Seneca people, one of the six Iroquois tribes of North America
** Seneca language, the language of the Seneca people
Places Extrat ...
translated for the Latins Classiques of
M. Nisard, etc.
But of all the work of the industrious and wise writer, the one which especially contributed to its reputation is his continuation of the ''
Gallia Christiana
The ''Gallia Christiana'', a type of work of which there have been several editions, is a documentary catalogue or list, with brief historical notices, of all the Catholic dioceses and abbeys of France from the earliest times, also of their occupan ...
'' of the
Benedictines. This work was started and continued until the 13th volume by the Benedictine of the
Abbaye de Saint-Maur. Between 1856 and 1870 Haureau added three more volumes, written in Latin to maintain the unity of the work. The
Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres
The Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres () is a French learned society devoted to history, founded in February 1663 as one of the five academies of the Institut de France. The academy's scope was the study of ancient inscriptions (epigr ...
has several times awarded its own Prix Gobert to this work of high scholarship (not to be confused with the
Grand prix Gobert The grand prix Gobert is one of the prizes of the French Academy. It has been awarded every year in the field of History since 1834.
It was instituted by the Foundation created by the estate of Baron Gobert Napoleon (1807–1833), son of general ...
of the
Académie française).
Portrait
* Pen drawing executed during a session of the
Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres
The Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres () is a French learned society devoted to history, founded in February 1663 as one of the five academies of the Institut de France. The academy's scope was the study of ancient inscriptions (epigr ...
or the ''
Journal des savants
A journal, from the Old French ''journal'' (meaning "daily"), may refer to:
*Bullet journal, a method of personal organization
*Diary, a record of what happened over the course of a day or other period
*Daybook, also known as a general journal, a ...
'', by
Adrien Prévost de Longpérier, in ''Revue Historique et Archéologique du Maine'', Le Mans, 2006, (p. 129)
References
[ This also cites his obituary notice read by Henri Wallon at a meeting of the Académie des Inscriptions on November 12, 1897, and the notice by Paul Meyer prefixed to vol. xxxiii of the ''Histoire littéraire de la France''.]
*Eric Anceau, "Barthélemy Hauréau (1812–1896) - Itinéraire d'un grand esprit du XIXe siècle entre Paris et Le Mans", in : ''Revue Historique et Archéologique du Maine'', Le Mans, Société Historique et Archéologique du Maine, 2006
*
Angelo De Gubernatis
Count Angelo De Gubernatis (1840–26 February 1913), Italian man of letters, was born in Turin and educated there and at Berlin, where he studied philology. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature fourteen times.
Life
In 1862 he w ...
, ''Dictionnaire international des écrivains du jour'', Florence, L. Niccolai, 1891.
*
Pierre Larousse
Pierre Athanase Larousse (23 October 18173 January 1875) was a French grammarian, lexicographer and encyclopaedist. He published many of the outstanding educational and reference works of 19th-century France, including the 15-volume '' Grand di ...
, ''Grand Dictionnaire Universel du XIXe''
*
Barthélemy Hauréauon
data.bnf.fr
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Haureau, Jean-Barthelemy
1812 births
1896 deaths
Writers from Paris
Politicians from Paris
Moderate Republicans (France)
Members of the 1848 Constituent Assembly
19th-century French historians
French librarians
French male writers
19th-century French journalists
French male journalists
19th-century French male writers
Lycée Condorcet alumni
Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres