Burchard Of Mount Sion

Burchard of Mount Sion (, also misnamed ''Brocard'' or ''Bocard''; fl. late 13th century), was a German priest, Dominican friar, pilgrim and author probably from Magdeburg in northern Germany, who travelled to the Middle East at the end of the 13th century. There he wrote his book called: ''Descriptio Terrae Sanctae'' or "Description of the Holy Land" which is considered to be of "extraordinary importance".

''Descriptio Terrae Sanctae''

It is the most detailed account of the Holy Land from the thirteenth century. It is described as having belonged to a class of its own among medieval descriptions of the Holy Land. Approximately 100 medieval and early modern manuscripts are known today, some of which include maps and diagrams.

The long version, unlike the short version, contains additional descriptions that illustrate Burchard's journey from Europe to the Holy Land and back. He travelled to Mamluk Egypt and Angevin Sicily, among other places, and in two manuscripts of the long version he shares his observations during the ascent of the volcanic mountain Vulcano.
Burchard was in Palestine for 10 years between 1274 and 1284. He then visited Armenia where he wrote about the court of the king of Cilician Armenia, Levon II. Burchard described the country of Cilician Armenia as submitted to Mongol domination, and explains that Mongols were present at the royal Armenian court:

Having completed his business there, Burchard sailed to Cyprus, where, he tells us, he was kindly received by Henry II of Jerusalem the last ruling and full titular King of Jerusalem (after the fall of Acre on 28 May 1291, this title became empty) and also ruled as King of Cyprus.

Burchard also wrote a plan for a Crusade, in which he recommended the conquest of Orthodox Serbia and Constantinople as pre-requisites to the accomplishment of a Crusade. His plan is said to have been rather impractical, and to have displayed a dislike of Orthodox Christians, more than of Muslims themselves.

In 1455 Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy ordered his secretary, Jean Miélot, canon of Lille and miniaturist to translate the ''Descriptio Terrae Sanctae'', by Burchard of Mount Sion (1283). The translation was embellished by him with beautiful miniatures of Jerusalem copies of which are held in Bibliothèque nationale de France, Royal Library of Belgium and the Bodleian Library, Oxford. For Burchard's Jerusalem, the map of Jerusalem by Marino Sanudo in his '' Liber Secretorum Fidelium Crucis''. An English translation of the original longer manuscript is provided in Denys Pringle's collection of translated pilgrimage texts part of the Crusade Texts in Translation series published by Ashgate.

Burchard is one of the last pilgrims to travel to the Holy Land and write a full report before the fall of the Latin Kingdom in 1291. According to Jaroslav Folda the account is important not only because of its systematic and yet selective content, but also because of the extent of the ''actualia'' included in his discussion.

Notes

References

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* Catholic Encyclopedia, 1913
* Claude Mutafian, ''Le Royaume Armenien de Cilicie'', CNRS Editions, 1993, 2001,
* Stephen Runciman, ''A History of the Crusades, III'', Penguin, 1954,
*Ekkehart Rotter, ''Windrose statt Landkarte. Die geografische Systematisierung des Heiligen Landes und ihre Visualisierung durch Burchardus de Monte Sion um 1285''. In: Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 69 (2013), , ISSN 0012-1223, S. 45–106.
*Jonathan Rubin, "Burchard of Mount Sion's Descriptio Terrae Sanctae: A Newly Discovered Extended Version," Crusades 13 (2014), pp. 173–19

*Jonathan Rubin, "A Missing Link in European Travel Literature: Burchard of Mount Sion's Description of Egypt," Mediterranea: International Journal for the Transfer of Knowledge 3 (2018), pp. 55–90. https://www.uco.es/ucopress/ojs/index.php/mediterranea/article/view/10770/9951
* Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society, London (1896-01-01). ''The library of the Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society''. London Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fun

*Adrian J. Boas (2001) Jerusalem in the Time of the Crusades: Society, Landscape and Art in the Holy City Under Frankish Rule Routledge,

{{Medieval travelogues of Palestine
German Dominicans
13th-century German writers
13th-century German Roman Catholic priests