''Bug-Jargal'' is a novel by the French writer

Victor Hugo Victor-Marie Hugo, vicomte Hugo (; 26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French Romanticism, Romantic author, poet, essayist, playwright, journalist, human rights activist and politician. His most famous works are the novels ''The Hunchbac ...

. First published in

1826 Events January–March * January 15 – The French newspaper ''Le Figaro'' begins publication in Paris, initially as a satirical weekly. * January 17 – The Ballantyne printing business in Edinburgh (Scotland) crashes, ruining noveli ...

, it is a reworked version of an earlier short story of the same name published in the Hugo brothers' magazine ''Le Conservateur littéraire'' in 1820. The novel follows a friendship between the enslaved African prince of the title and a French military officer named Leopold D'Auverney during the tumultuous early years of the

Haitian Revolution The Haitian Revolution ( or ; ) was a successful insurrection by slave revolt, self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue, now the sovereign state of Haiti. The revolution was the only known Slave rebellion, slave up ...

. Hugo later claimed that the story was to have been part of a collaborative work called ''Contes sous la Tente'' (''Tales under a Tent''), and that he had written it in 1818 (at the age of sixteen) in two weeks; the manuscript is however dated April 1819. Several translations into English exist. The first, a modified version with the title ''The Slave-King'', was published in 1833. The only modern translation is b
Chris Bongie
and was published in 2004.

Plot

The story of Bug-Jargal begins several weeks before the

, when

Toussaint Louverture François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture (, ) also known as Toussaint L'Ouverture or Toussaint Bréda (20 May 1743 – 7 April 1803), was a Haitian general and the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution. During his life, Louvertu ...

fights the colonial regime. D'Auverney, the nephew of a landed aristocrat with many slaves, is betrothed to Marie, his cousin. A slave, Pierrot, falls in love with Marie, but can not do anything because of the obvious racial and cultural barriers between them. However, Pierrot does save Marie from a crocodile, but soon finds himself thrown in prison for trying to protect another slave from his owner's wrath. D'Auverney befriends him, and not long before the Haitian Revolution, Pierrot warns the lovers to flee the island. They stay despite the warning, and the day of the wedding the slave revolution begins, and the white landowners see the rapid and violent dissolution of their society. Pierrot saves Marie from a slave attack and whisks her away, but D'Auverney, thinking that Pierrot had kidnapped his new wife for his own desires, wanders into a dark grotto. He is taken prisoner by the infamously violent slave leader Biassou. In the grotto the freed slaves force their captured white prisoners to kill each other in order to preserve their own skins. Pierrot luckily comes to the rescue of D'Auverney, who learns that Pierrot is really Bug-Jargal, the mystical leader of the slaves. Pierrot leads him to his wife, and dies protecting his friends.

References

* Max Bach, "Hugo’s Interest in Social Problems", ''Modern Language Notes'', January 1957, No 72 (1), pp. 47–48. * Pascale Gaitet, "Hybrid Creatures, Hybrid Politics, in Hugo’s 'Bug-Jargal' and 'Le Dernier jour d'un condamné'", ''Nineteenth-Century French Studies'', Spring-Summer 1997, No 25 (3-4), pp. 251–265.

External links

1826 French novels Novels by Victor Hugo French adventure novels Novels about slavery Novels set in Haiti Novels set in the 1790s Cultural depictions of Toussaint Louverture Novels set in the Haitian Revolution {{adventure-novel-stub