''R v Richards; Ex parte Fitzpatrick and Browne'' (1955) 92 CLR 157, was a legal case concerning the right of privilege of the

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Background

On 3 May 1955, Charles Morgan,

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member of the

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for the

Division of Reid The Division of Reid is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is on the south shore of Port Jackson, with Sydney to the east; it stretches from Silverwater to Rodd Point. Since 2022 its MP has been Sally Sit ...

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, informed Parliament that an article appearing in the ''Bankstown Observer'' for 28 April 1955 had impugned his personal honour and challenged his fitness to be a Member of Parliament. In an article headed "M.H.R. and Immigration Racket", it was alleged that Morgan, a lawyer before entering Parliament, had engaged in corrupt schemes involving refugee migration from

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before

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. The ''Bankstown Observer'', a free weekly newspaper distributed throughout areas of suburban

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that included the Reid electorate, was owned by Raymond Edward Fitzpatrick, a

Bankstown Bankstown is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 19 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district and is part of the Canterbury-Bankstown region. Bankstown is the administrative centre ...

businessman and political rival of Morgan. Morgan ended his speech by moving that the newspaper article be referred to the House of Representatives Standing Committee of Privileges (the "Privileges Committee") for investigation. The House approved the motion.

Privileges Committee

Over the ensuing weeks, the Privileges Committee met on a number of occasions to deal with the matter. Morgan, Fitzpatrick and Frank Browne (the editor of the ''Bankstown Observer'' at the time) appeared before the committee and were questioned by its members. The Committee report, presented to the House of Representatives on 8 June 1955, concluded that a breach of privilege had occurred and recommended that the House take appropriate action.

Called before the Bar of the House

The House determined that Browne and Fitzpatrick be required to appear before the Bar of the Chamber on 10 June 1955 to answer the charges brought against them. Having heard statements from both men, the House, on a motion from

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, voted 52–16 that Browne and Fitzpatrick be committed to 90 days in gaol. The

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considered an appeal on 22 and 24 June 1955, but the matter was dismissed. Browne and Fitzpatrick applied to the Privy Council for leave to appeal against the High Court's judgment, but leave was refused. The sentences were served in the

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police lock-up (while appeals were pending) and Goulburn Gaol. It was the first time anyone had ever been called to the Bar of the lower house, and it was the only time the Parliament has ever gaoled anyone. Gavin Souter described it as the House using its new mace to swat two blowflies.

Impact on observers

The case left an "indelible impression" on Anthony Mason, junior counsel for Fitzpatrick and later Chief Justice of the

. In a 1996 paper, he wrote "The two men were convicted and imprisoned by Parliament for contempt of Parliament without being given an opportunity to address Parliament on the question of their guilt or innocence. They were convicted in absentia, in the absence of any specification in the warrant of commitment of the nature of the breach of privilege of which they were convicted, and after they were denied representation by counsel who was to appear on their behalf in the Committee of Privileges and in the House. As counsel who was refused leave to appear, my sense of outrage over Parliament's denial of due process and natural justice remains undimmed after a lapse of 40 years".

Documents released

From 1944 until 1987, all meetings of the Privileges Committee were held behind closed doors, and none of the evidence or other material it considered was made public. In December 2000, the Parliament voted to publish the evidence from the Browne-Fitzpatrick case, and it is now held in the

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References

Sources

Australian Dictionary of Biography, ''Brown, Francis Courtney''
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Browne-Fitzpatrick Privilege Case, 1955 Parliament of Australia 1955 in Australian law Political history of Australia Australian constitutional law Legal history of Australia 1955 in case law Australian House of Representatives