Brooks's is a

gentlemen's club A gentlemen's club is a private social club of a type originally established by males from Britain's upper classes starting in the 17th century. Many countries outside Britain have prominent gentlemen's clubs, mostly those associated with the ...

St James's Street St James's Street is the principal street in the district of St James's, central London. It runs from Piccadilly downhill to St James's Palace and Pall Mall. The main gatehouse of the Palace is at the southern end of the road; in the 17th centu ...

, London. It is one of the oldest and most exclusive gentlemen's clubs in the world.

History

In January 1762, a private society was established at 50 Pall Mall by Messrs. Boothby and James in response to having been blackballed for membership of

White's White's is a gentlemen's club in St James's, London. Founded in 1693 as a hot chocolate shop in Mayfair, it is London's oldest club and therefore the oldest private members' club in the world. It moved to its current premises on St James's St ...

. This society then split to form the predecessors of both Brooks's and Boodle's. The club that was to become Brooks's was founded in March 1764 by twenty-seven prominent Whig nobles including the Duke of Portland, the Duke of Roxburghe, Lord Crewe and Lord Strathmore.

Charles James Fox Charles James Fox (24 January 1749 – 13 September 1806), styled ''The Honourable'' from 1762, was a British British Whig Party, Whig politician and statesman whose parliamentary career spanned 38 years of the late 18th and early 19th centurie ...

was elected as a member the following year at the age of sixteen. The club premises at 49 Pall Mall was a former tavern owned by William Almack as was the neighbouring 50 Pall Mall where the society had previously met and so the club become simply known as Almack's. These fashionable young men, known as Macaronis, would frequent the premises for the purposes of wining, dining and gambling. In September 1777 William Brooks, a wine merchant and money lender who acted as Master, or manager, for Almack's, commissioned Henry Holland to design and construct a purpose-built clubhouse at a site on neighbouring St James's Street. Paid for at Brooks's own expense, the building was completed in October 1778 and all existing members of Almack's were invited to join. Brooks's gamble paid off as all existing members swiftly moved into the new building and the club then took on Brooks's name as its own. Brooks himself however would not live long to enjoy this success, dying in poverty in 1782. The new clubhouse was built of yellow brick and Portland stone in a

Palladian Palladian architecture is a European architectural style derived from the work of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). What is today recognised as Palladian architecture evolved from his concepts of symmetry, perspective and ...

style similar to Holland's early country houses. The main suite of rooms on the first floor consisted of the Great Subscription Room, Small Drawing Room and the Card Room. The interiors are in neoclassical style, the Great Subscription Room having a segmental

barrel vault A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault, wagon vault or wagonhead vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. The curves are ...

ceiling. The interior of the building remained fairly unchanged until 1889 when neighbouring 2 Park Place, which had been purchased a few years before, was converted and adapted as part of Brooks's. The main historic attraction of Brooks's was its gambling rooms. At several tables in one, members would stake fortunes on whist and

hazard A hazard is a potential source of harm. Substances, events, or circumstances can constitute hazards when their nature would potentially allow them to cause damage to health, life, property, or any other interest of value. The probability of that ...

. Gambling all night was common. When the stakes far exceeded any ordinary expenses, all the club accounts were commonly deducted from winnings, so that no bills were rendered to members. Numerous eccentric bets were and are made in the Brooks's betting book. One extraordinary entry from 1785 is " Ld. Cholmondeley has given two guineas to Ld. Derby, to receive 500 Gs whenever his lordship fucks a woman in a balloon one thousand yards 00 mfrom the Earth." The first hot air balloon flight had taken place just two years earlier in 1783. In 1978, the St James's Club amalgamated with Brooks's, adding to its membership some European royalty, members of the British

diplomatic corps The diplomatic corps () is the collective body of foreign diplomats accredited to a particular country or body. The diplomatic corps may, in certain contexts, refer to the collection of accredited heads of mission ( ambassadors, high commis ...

and writers. The portrait collection of Sir Francis Dashwood's infamous Dilettanti Society is housed at the Club and there is also an historic association with the infamous society of 18th-century rake hells, the

Hellfire Club Hellfire Club was a term used to describe several exclusive Club (organization), clubs for high-society Rake (character), rakes established in Great Britain and Ireland in the 18th Century. The name most commonly refers to Francis Dashwood, 11t ...

Notable former members

Born in the 18th century

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(1785–1847) * George Parkyns, 2nd Baron Rancliffe (1785–1850) * Thomas Francis Kennedy (1788–1879) *

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(1789–1849) * George Nugent-Grenville, 2nd Baron Nugent (1789–1850) * Robert Rolfe, 1st Baron Cranworth (1790–1868) * Charles Compton Cavendish, 1st Baron Chesham (1793–1863) * George Glyn, 1st Baron Wolverton (1797–1873) * David Salomons (1797–1873) * John Townshend, 4th Marquess Townshend (1798–1863) * Matthew Talbot Baines (1799–1860) * Michael Thomas Bass, Jr. (1799–1884) * George Keppel, 6th Earl of Albemarle (1799–1891) *

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(1833–1908) * John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton (1834–1902) * Michael Biddulph, 1st Baron Biddulph (1834–1923) * Charles Anderson-Pelham, 3rd Earl of Yarborough (1835–1875) * Sir Robert William Duff, GCMG, PC (1835–1895) * William Edwardes, 4th Baron Kensington (1835–1906) * John William Mellor (1835–1911) *

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(1835–1910) * Edmond Wodehouse (1835–1914) * The Hon. Evelyn Ashley (1836–1907) * Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey (1836–1918) * Michael Bass, 1st Baron Burton (1837–1909) * Richard Grosvenor, 1st Baron Stalbridge (1837–1912) * Farrer Herschell, 1st Baron Herschell (1837–1899) * Sir George Trevelyan, 2nd Baronet (1838–1928) * Arthur Gore, 5th Earl of Arran (1839–1901) * Montague Guest (1839–1909) * Charles Hanbury-Tracy, 4th Baron Sudeley (1840–1922) *

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(1840–1922) * Henry Strutt, 2nd Baron Belper (1840–1914) * Archibald Acheson, 4th Earl of Gosford (1841–1922) * Robert Haldane-Duncan, 3rd Earl of Camperdown (1841–1918) * Hamar Alfred Bass (1842–1898) * Robert Finlay, 1st Viscount Finlay (1842–1929) *

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(1845–1927) * Charles Cecil Cotes (1846–1898) * Herbert Gardner, 1st Baron Burghclere (1846–1921) * John Lawrence, 2nd Baron Lawrence (1846–1913) * Edward Walter Hamilton (1847–1908) *

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(1849–1909) * Sir John Simeon, 4th Baronet (1850–1909) * Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey (1851–1917) *

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(1851–1920) * Cromartie Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 4th Duke of Sutherland (1851–1913) * Thomas Lister, 4th Baron Ribblesdale (1854–1925) * George Venables-Vernon, 7th Baron Vernon (1854–1928) * William Mansfield, 1st Viscount Sandhurst (1855–1921) *

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(1856–1928) * Francis Stonor, 4th Baron Camoys (1856–1897) *

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(1858–1945) * Herbrand Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford (1858–1940) * Sir Charles Seely, 2nd Baronet (1859–1926) * Wentworth Beaumont, 1st Viscount Allendale (1860–1923) * The Hon. Hubert Beaumont (1864–1922) * Sir John Fuller, 1st Baronet (1864–1913) * Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon (1866–1941) * Wilfrid Ashley, 1st Baron Mount Temple (1867–1939) * Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire (1868–1938) * Oliver Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill (1869–1935) * Christopher Vane, 10th Baron Barnard, CMG, OBE, MC, TD (1888–1964)

Born in the 20th century

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(1908–1997) * Sir Isaiah Berlin, OM (1909–1997) * Sir Patrick Dean, GCMG (1909–1994) * Vane Ivanovic (1913–1999) *

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CBE (1914–2000), author of the Aubrey-Maturin novels * Gordon Richardson, Baron Richardson of Duntisbourne, KG, MBE, TD, PC, DL (1915–2010) * John Desmond Cronin (1916–1986) * Charles Denman, 5th Baron Denman, MC (1916–2012) * Sir Nigel Strutt, TD, DL (1916–2004) * George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe, KBE, DSO, MC, PC, FRS (1918–2007) * Sir Alan Campbell (1919–2007) * Henry Kitchener, 3rd Earl Kitchener, TD, DL (1919–2011) *

Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire Andrew Robert Buxton Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire (2 January 1920 – 3 May 2004), styled Lord Andrew Cavendish until 1944 and Marquess of Hartington from 1944 to 1950, was a British peer and politician. He was a minister in the government ...

(1920–2004) * Roy Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead (1920–2003) * John Colvin (1922–2003) * Sir Oliver Millar (1923–2007) *

Christopher James, 5th Baron Northbourne Christopher George Walter James, 5th Baron Northbourne, 6th Baronet (18 February 1926 – 8 September 2019), was a British farmer and aristocrat. He was one of the ninety hereditary peers elected to remain in the House of Lords after the passi ...

, DL (1926–2019) *

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(1928–1999)Mrs. Thatcher's Minister The Private Diaries of Alan Clark, p. 9. * Sir Richard Paniguian (1949–2017) * Sir Gavyn Farr Arthur, Lord Mayor of London (1951–2016)

References

Sources

* Edward Walford; ''Old and New London: Volume 4'', pp. 140–164; 1878 * F. H. W. Sheppard, ed.; ''Survey of London: volumes 29 and 30: St James Westminster, Part 1'', pp. 325–338; 1960 *

Christopher Hibbert Arthur Raymond Hibbert (5 March 1924 – 21 December 2008), known as Christopher Hibbert, was an English people, English author, popular historian and biographer. He has been called "a pearl of biographers" (''New Statesman'') and "probably the ...

; ''London, the Biography of a City''; 1969; William Morrow, New York * Robert Phipps Dod; ''Parliamentary Companion'' (various editions)

External links

{{Liberal-aligned gentlemen's clubs of London 1764 establishments in England Gentlemen's clubs in London Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster Liberalism in the United Kingdom Regency London