Brookline () is an affluent town in
Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States, and part of the
Boston metropolitan area. An exclave of Norfolk County, Brookline borders six of
Boston
Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...
's neighborhoods:
Brighton
Brighton ( ) is a seaside resort in the city status in the United Kingdom, city of Brighton and Hove, East Sussex, England, south of London.
Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze Age Britain, Bronze Age, R ...
,
Allston,
Fenway–Kenmore,
Mission Hill,
Jamaica Plain, and
West Roxbury. The city of
Newton borders Brookline to the west. It is known for being the birthplace of
John F. Kennedy.
The land which comprises what is today Brookline was first settled in 1638 as a
hamlet
''The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark'', often shortened to ''Hamlet'' (), is a Shakespearean tragedy, tragedy written by William Shakespeare sometime between 1599 and 1601. It is Shakespeare's longest play. Set in Denmark, the play (the ...
in Boston, known as Muddy River (as it was settled on the west side of the
river of the same name). It was incorporated as a separate town with the name of Brookline in 1705. In 1873, Brookline had a
contentious referendum in which it voted to remain independent from Boston. The later annexations of
Brighton
Brighton ( ) is a seaside resort in the city status in the United Kingdom, city of Brighton and Hove, East Sussex, England, south of London.
Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze Age Britain, Bronze Age, R ...
and
West Roxbury, both in 1874, and that of
Hyde Park in 1912, eventually made Brookline into an exclave of Norfolk County. The town has a history of racial discrimination in zoning, which has led to a disproportionately wealthy population and a very low percentage of Black residents, at only 2.5%.
Several streets and railroads were laid out in the town in the 19th century. Today, these are
Massachusetts Route 9 (locally Boylston St., which cuts the town in two) and the various branches of the MBTA's
Green Line. To the north of Route 9, the area is fairly urban; the southern part is much less so.
At the time of the
2020 census, the population of the town was 63,191.
History

Once part of
Algonquian territory, Brookline was first settled by
European colonists in the early 17th century. The area was an outlying part of the colonial settlement of Boston and known as the hamlet of Muddy River. In 1705, it was incorporated as the independent town of Brookline. It was bounded by a section of the
Charles River
The Charles River (Massachusett language, Massachusett: ), sometimes called the River Charles or simply the Charles, is an river in eastern Massachusetts. It flows northeast from Hopkinton, Massachusetts, Hopkinton to Boston along a highly me ...
between the
now covered Smelt Brook in the west and the
Muddy River in the east.
In 1843, a
racially restrictive covenant in Brookline forbade resale of property to "any
negro
In the English language, the term ''negro'' (or sometimes ''negress'' for a female) is a term historically used to refer to people of Black people, Black African heritage. The term ''negro'' means the color black in Spanish and Portuguese (from ...
or
native of Ireland."
The Town of
Brighton
Brighton ( ) is a seaside resort in the city status in the United Kingdom, city of Brighton and Hove, East Sussex, England, south of London.
Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze Age Britain, Bronze Age, R ...
was merged with Boston in 1874, and the Boston-Brookline border was redrawn to connect the new Back Bay neighborhood with Allston-Brighton. Boston annexed the strip of land along the Charles River, cutting Brookline off from the shoreline. The current northern border follows Commonwealth Avenue, and on the northeast, St. Mary's Street. When
Frederick Law Olmsted designed the
Emerald Necklace of parks and parkways for Boston in the 1890s, the Muddy River was integrated into the
Riverway and
Olmsted Park, creating parkland accessible by both Boston and Brookline residents.
Throughout its history, Brookline has resisted being annexed by Boston, in particular during the
Boston–Brookline annexation debate of 1873. The neighboring towns of
West Roxbury and
Hyde Park connected Brookline to the rest of Norfolk County until they were annexed by Boston in 1874 and 1912, respectively, putting them in
Suffolk County. Brookline is now separated from the remainder of Norfolk County.
Brookline has long been regarded as a pleasant and verdant environment. In the 1841 edition of the ''Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening'', Andrew Jackson Downing described the area this way:
Brookline residents were among the first in the country to propose extending the vote to women.
Benjamin F. Butler, in his 1882 campaign for governor, advocated the idea.
Transportation history
Two branches of upper
Boston Post Road, established in the 1670s, passed through Brookline. Brookline Village was the original center of retail activity. In 1810, the Boston and Worcester Turnpike, now
Massachusetts Route 9, was laid out, starting on
Huntington Avenue in Boston and passing through the village center on its way west.
Steam railroads came to Brookline in the middle of the 19th century. The
Boston and Worcester Railroad was constructed in the early 1830s, and passed through Brookline near the Charles River. The rail line is still in active use, now paralleled by the
Massachusetts Turnpike. The Highland branch of the
Boston and Albany Railroad was built from Kenmore Square to Brookline Village in 1847, and was extended into Newton in 1852. In the late 1950s, this became the
Green Line D branch.
The portion of Beacon Street west of Kenmore Square was laid out in 1850.
Streetcar
A tram (also known as a streetcar or trolley in Canada and the United States) is an urban rail transit in which vehicles, whether individual railcars or multiple-unit trains, run on tramway tracks on urban public streets; some include s ...
tracks were laid above ground on Beacon Street in 1888, from
Coolidge Corner to
Massachusetts Avenue in Boston, via Kenmore Square. In 1889, they were electrified and extended over the Brighton border at
Cleveland Circle. They would eventually become the
Green Line C branch.
Due to the
Boston Elevated Railway system, this upgrade from
horse-drawn carriage to electric trolleys occurred on many major streets all over the region, and made transportation into downtown Boston faster and cheaper. Much of Brookline was developed into a
streetcar suburb
A streetcar suburb is a residential community whose growth and development was strongly shaped by the use of streetcar lines as a primary means of transportation. Such suburbs developed in the United States in the years before the automobile, when ...
, with large, brick apartment buildings sprouting up along the new streetcar lines.
Housing and zoning history
Brookline has a history of
racial covenants that blocked people of color and some ethnic minorities to own housing there. In the early 20th century, Brookline banned the construction of
triple-decker housing, which was a form of housing popular with poor immigrant communities in the United States. Advocates for the ban justified the ban with anti-immigrant rhetoric.
In 1922,
Prescott F. Hall, a Brookline resident who co-founded the
Immigration Restriction League, petitioned the Brookline government to exclusively allow single-family housing. In 1924, the Brookline government enacted a zoning change to only permit single-family housing in most of the territory of Brookline. Many of the present-day apartment buildings in Brookline were constructed prior to this zoning change.
In 1970, the
state authorized rent control in municipalities with more than 50,000 residents.
Brookline, Lynn, Somerville, and Cambridge subsequently adopted rent control. Brookline began decontrolling units in 1991.
Brookline has a recent history of blocking multifamily housing construction. Since the 1970s, new housing construction has plunged in Brookline. It has enacted zoning changes that ban multifamily apartment buildings and limit the height of buildings. Proposals for new development frequently face onerous lawsuits. These restrictions on housing supply have led housing prices in Brookline to skyrocket in recent decades. In 2023, the median sale price for a single-family home in Brookline was $2.51 million, and the median condo price was $927,500.
As a consequence of restrictions on housing supply, Brookline is overwhelmingly wealthy. Only 2.5% of its population is Black, which is the second-lowest share of Black people in any community in the Boston area. Only 14% of Brookline teachers, 21% of Brookline police, and 22% of Brookline firefighters live in Brookline, as median salaries for these kinds of jobs make
housing
Housing refers to a property containing one or more Shelter (building), shelter as a living space. Housing spaces are inhabited either by individuals or a collective group of people. Housing is also referred to as a human need and right to ...
in Brookline largely unaffordable.
Etymology
Brookline was known as the hamlet of Muddy River and was considered part of Boston until the Town of Brookline was independently incorporated in 1705. (The
Muddy River was used as the Brookline–Boston border at incorporation.) The name is said to derive from a farm therein once owned by Judge
Samuel Sewall. Originally, the property of CPT
John Hull and Judith Quincy Hull. Judge Sewall came into possession of this tract, which embraced more than 350 acres, through Hannah Quincy Hull (Sewall) who was the Hull's only daughter. John Hull in his youth lived in Muddy River Hamlet, in a little house which stood near the Sears Memorial Church. Hull removed to Boston, where he amassed a large fortune for those days. Judge Sewall probably never lived on his Brookline estate.
Geography
According to the
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau, officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the Federal statistical system, U.S. federal statistical system, responsible for producing data about the American people and American economy, econ ...
, Brookline has a total area of , (0.44%) of which is covered by water.
The northern part of Brookline, roughly north of the D-line tracks, is urban in character, highly walkable and transit rich. The population density of this northern part of town is nearly , similar to the densest neighborhoods in nearby
Cambridge
Cambridge ( ) is a List of cities in the United Kingdom, city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It is the county town of Cambridgeshire and is located on the River Cam, north of London. As of the 2021 Unit ...
,
Somerville, and
Chelsea, Massachusetts (the densest cities in New England), and slightly lower than that of central Boston's residential districts (Back Bay, South End, Fenway, etc.). The overall density of Brookline, which also includes suburban districts and grand estates south of the D-line, is still higher than that of many of the largest cities in the United States, especially in the South and West. Brookline borders
Newton (part of
Middlesex County) to the west and
Boston
Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...
(part of
Suffolk County) in all other directions; it is therefore noncontiguous with any other part of Norfolk County. Brookline became an
exclave
An enclave is a territory that is entirely surrounded by the territory of only one other state or entity. An enclave can be an independent territory or part of a larger one. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is s ...
of Norfolk County in 1873, when the neighboring town of
West Roxbury was annexed by Boston (and left Norfolk County to join Suffolk County). Brookline refused to be annexed by Boston after the
Boston–Brookline annexation debate of 1873.
Brookline separates the bulk of the city of Boston (except for a narrow neck or corridor near the Charles River) from its westernmost neighborhoods of
Allston–Brighton, which had been the separate town of Brighton until annexed by Boston in 1873.
Neighborhoods
Many neighborhood associations are active, some of which overlap.
Neighborhoods, squares, and notable areas of Brookline include:
* Aspinwall Hill
* Beaconsfield
* Brookline Hills
*
Brookline Village
* Buttonwood Village
*
Brookline High School, Near Pierce District
*
Chestnut Hill, which also extends into
Newton and Boston
*
Coolidge Corner
* Corey Farm
*
Corey Hill
*
Cottage Farm
* Fisher Hill
* Griggs Park
* JFK Crossing
* Longwood
* North Brookline
*
Pill Hill (also known as "High Street Hill")
* The Point (originally "Whiskey Point")
* The Runkle District
* South Brookline ("Sobro")
* The Heights (just west of Washington Square)
*
Washington Square
* Woodland Heath
Climate
The climate of Brookline is
humid continental ''Dfa''.
Brookline falls under the
USDA
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government that aims to meet the needs of commerc ...
6b Plant
Hardiness zone
A hardiness zone is a geographic area defined as having a certain average annual minimum temperature, a factor relevant to the survival of many plants. In some systems other statistics are included in the calculations. The original and most widely ...
.
Demographics
As of the
census
A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given Statistical population, population, usually displayed in the form of stati ...
of 2010, 58,732 people, 24,891 households, and 12,233 families were residing in the town. The population density was . The 26,448 housing units had an average density of . The
racial makeup of the town was 73.3% White, 3.4% African American, 0.12% Native American, 15.6% Asian (6.7%
Chinese, 2.6%
Indian, 2.3%
Korean, and 1.8%
Japanese), 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.01% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 5.0% of the population (0.9%
Mexican and 0.8%
Puerto Rican). (Source: 2010 Census Quickfacts)
Of the 25,594 households, 21.9% had children under 18, living with them, 38.4% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 52.2% were not families. About 36.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.86.
In the town, the age distribution was 16.6% under 18, 11.7%, from 18 to 24, 37.3% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.6 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 79.1 males.
The median income
for a household for 2021 in the town was $83,318, and for a family was $122,356. Males had a median income of $56,861 versus $43,436 for females. The per capita income for the town was $44,327. About 4.5% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the
poverty line
The poverty threshold, poverty limit, poverty line, or breadline is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. The poverty line is usually calculated by estimating the total cost of one year's worth of necessities for ...
, including 5.3% of those under the age of 18 and 7.5% of those ages 65 and older. The poverty rate of Brookline's residents rate rose from 9.3% in 2000 to 13.1% in 2010. and then reduced to 10.2% in 2021
Arts and culture
* Brookline, along with the nearby Boston neighborhood of Brighton and the city of Newton, is a cultural hub for the Jewish community of Greater Boston.
* The
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America
The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America (GOArch; ), headquartered in New York City, is an eparchy of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Its current Primate (bishop), primate is Archbishop Elpidophoros of America. The Greek Orthodox ...
Metropolis of Boston is headquartered in Brookline.
* Brookline Village is home to
Puppet Showplace Theater, New England's only dedicated puppet theater and center for puppetry arts. The theater is located in the historic 32 Station Street building directly across from the Brookline Village MBTA Green Line stop.
* The four Poet Laureates of Brookline include: Judith Steinbergh,
Jan Schreiber, Zvi Sesling, and, currently, Jennifer Barber.
* Along with Boston and Quincy, it has a large
Irish American
Irish Americans () are Irish ethnics who live within in the United States, whether immigrants from Ireland or Americans with full or partial Irish ancestry.
Irish immigration to the United States
From the 17th century to the mid-19th c ...
presence.
Points of interest
These historic buildings are open to the public:
* The
birthplace of John F. Kennedy stands in Brookline and is listed in the
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government's official United States National Register of Historic Places listings, list of sites, buildings, structures, Hist ...
. It is maintained by the
National Park Service
The National Park Service (NPS) is an List of federal agencies in the United States, agency of the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government, within the US Department of the Interior. The service manages all List ...
and is open to the public from May through September.
* Fairsted, the 100-year-old business headquarters and design office for renowned landscape architect
Frederick Law Olmsted and the
Olmsted Brothers
The Olmsted Brothers company was a Landscape architecture, landscape architectural firm in the United States, established in 1898 by brothers John Charles Olmsted (1852–1920) and Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. (1870–1957), sons of the landscape ar ...
firm, has been carefully preserved as the
Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site, on of landscaped grounds at 99 Warren Street.
*
John Goddard House, an historic house at 235 Goddard Avenue, was built in 1767 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.
*
Larz Anderson Park is in Brookline on the estate once owned by
Larz Anderson and
Isabel Weld Perkins. The park contains the
Larz Anderson Auto Museum, the oldest automobile collection in the country, as well as
Putterham School, a
one-room schoolhouse from
colonial times.
Other historic and cultural sites include:
*
St. Aidan's Church was where John F. Kennedy was baptized and where the Kennedy family and other prominent Irish-Americans were parishioners. The church was designed by architect Charles Maginnis, who was awarded the
American Institute of Architects
The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is a professional organization for architects in the United States. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C. AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach progr ...
' gold medal. Although it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, St. Aidan's Church has been closed and converted into housing.
*
The Dutch House, one of only five surviving buildings from the
World's Columbian Exposition
The World's Columbian Exposition, also known as the Chicago World's Fair, was a world's fair held in Chicago from May 5 to October 31, 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. The ...
of 1893 was relocated to Brookline.
* Two stops on the
Underground Railroad are in Brookline:
9 Toxteth Street and 182 Walnut Street.
*
The Country Club, an exclusive sporting club in the town, was the first private club in the United States formed exclusively for outdoor activities. It is most famous as a golf club; it was one of the five clubs that formed what is now the
United States Golf Association
The United States Golf Association (USGA) is the United States national association of golf courses, clubs and facilities and the governing body of golf for the U.S. and Mexico. Together with The R&A, the USGA produces and interprets the rule ...
and has hosted the
U.S. Open four times and the
Ryder Cup matches once.
*
Coolidge Corner, which is located at the crossing of
Beacon Street
Beacon Street is a major east–west street in Boston, Massachusetts, and its western suburbs of Brookline, Massachusetts, Brookline and Newton, Massachusetts, Newton. It passes through many of Boston's central and western neighborhoods, includ ...
and Harvard Street, is one of Brookline's two primary retail districts (the other being
Washington Square). It includes a number of historically significant sites, including the
S.S. Pierce Building and the
Coolidge Corner Theatre.
* Brookline is home to part of Frederick Law Olmsted's
Emerald Necklace of park systems, including
Olmsted Park.
* The
Puppet Showplace Theatre, one of the four oldest puppet theatres in the United States, is located in Brookline Village.
Government
Since 1916, Brookline has been governed by a
representative town meeting, which is the town's legislative body, and a five-person
select board, the town's executive branch. Fifteen town meeting representatives are elected to three-year terms from each of the town's 17 precincts. From 1705 to 1916, the town was governed by an
open town meeting and a select board.
New and existing laws
In 2017, a Brookline Town Meeting voted to recognize
Indigenous Peoples' Day instead of Columbus Day.
In 2019, Brookline
banned the distribution of carry-out plastic bags at grocery stores and other businesses.
In 2021, Brookline banned the sale of
tobacco
Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus '' Nicotiana'' of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the ...
and
e-cigarettes to anyone born after January 1, 2000, in Article 8.23 of the town bylaws, expanding on Massachusetts' existing prohibition on the sale of tobacco products to anyone under the age of 21.
In March 2023, the
Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (SJC) is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Although the claim is disputed by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, the SJC claims the distinction of being the oldest continuously fu ...
upheld the bylaw in the case ''Six Brothers Inc.'' v. ''Town of Brookline''.
Education
Public schools
The town is served by the
Public Schools of Brookline. The student body at
Brookline High School includes students from more than 76 countries. Many students attend Brookline High from surrounding neighborhoods in Boston, such as Mission Hill and
Mattapan through the Metropolitan Council for Educational Opportunity system.
The eight elementary schools in the
Brookline Public School system are:
Baker School,
Florida Ruffin Ridley School, Driscoll,
Roland Hayes School, Lawrence School,
Lincoln School, Pierce School, and Runkle School. As of December 2006, there were 6,089 K–12 students enrolled in the Brookline public schools. The system includes one early learning center, eight grades K–8 schools, and one comprehensive high school. The Old Lincoln School is a surplus building used by the town to temporarily teach students in when another school building is being renovated. It was rented in 2009 as the venue for the play ''
Sleep No More''.
As of the 2012–13 school year, the student body was 57.4% White, 18.1% Asian, 6.4% Black, 9.9% Hispanic, and 8.2% multiracial. About 30% of students came from homes where English is not their first language.
Private schools
Several private primary and secondary schools are located in Brookline.
*
Beaver Country Day School
*
Brimmer and May School – partly in Newton
*
Dexter Southfield School
*
Ivy Street School
*
Maimonides School
*
The Park School
*
Saint Mary of the Assumption School
Higher education

Several institutes of higher education are located in Brookline.
*
Pine Manor College
*
Hellenic College and
Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology
* Boston Graduate School of Psychoanalysis
Also, parts of the following are located in Brookline:
Boston University
Boston University (BU) is a Private university, private research university in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. BU was founded in 1839 by a group of Boston Methodism, Methodists with its original campus in Newbury (town), Vermont, Newbur ...
including
Wheelock College,
Boston College
Boston College (BC) is a private university, private Catholic Jesuits, Jesuit research university in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1863 by the Society of Jesus, a Catholic Religious order (Catholic), religious order, t ...
, and
Northeastern University
Northeastern University (NU or NEU) is a private university, private research university with its main campus in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It was founded by the Boston Young Men's Christian Association in 1898 as an all-male instit ...
's
Parsons Field.
Newbury College closed in 2019.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Light rail and subway
Brookline is served by the
C and
D branches of the
MBTA's
Green Line trains, with inbound service to downtown Boston and outbound service to Newton. The
B line runs just to the northwest of Brookline along
Commonwealth Avenue, through the Boston University campus and into Allston-Brighton.
Bus
Brookline is served by several MBTA bus routes:
* Route 51 -
Cleveland Circle-
Forest Hills
* Route 60 -
Kenmore Square-
Chestnut Hill
* Route 65 -
Kenmore Square-
Brighton
Brighton ( ) is a seaside resort in the city status in the United Kingdom, city of Brighton and Hove, East Sussex, England, south of London.
Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates back to the Bronze Age Britain, Bronze Age, R ...
* Route 66 -
Harvard University
Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan clergyma ...
-
Nubian station
* Route 86 -
Cleveland Circle-
Sullivan station
Public libraries
* Public Library of Brookline, 361 Washington St., Brookline, MA 02445
* Coolidge Corner Branch Library, 31 Pleasant St., Brookline, MA 02446
* Putterham Branch Library, 959 West Roxbury Pkwy., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
Fire department
The town of Brookline is protected full-time by 158 professional
firefighters of the Brookline Fire Department (BFD). It currently operates out of five fire stations located throughout the town, under the command of a deputy chief per shift. The BFD also operates a fire apparatus fleet of four engines, two ladders, one quint, one cross-staffed rescue (special operations), two squads, one special operations unit, one haz-mat decontamination trailer, two maintenance units, and numerous other special, support, and reserve units. The BFD responds to roughly 8,500 emergency calls annually. The current chief of the BFD is John F. Sullivan.
Cemeteries
*
The Old Burying Ground, also known as Walnut Street Cemetery. 1717 – 1.54 acres (Walnut Street at Chestnut Street)
*
Walnut Hills Cemetery 1875 – 45.26 acres (Grove Street and Allandale Road)
Notable people
Athletes
*
Philip Stanley Abbot (1867-1896), mountaineer
*
Jeff Adrien (born 1986),
University of Connecticut Huskies basketball captain and
power forward
The power forward (PF), also known as the four, is one of the five traditional Basketball positions, positions in a regulation basketball game. Traditionally, power forwards have played a role similar to center (basketball), centers and are typi ...
*
Larry Bird
Larry Joe Bird (born December 7, 1956) is an American former professional basketball player, coach, and executive in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Nicknamed "the Hick from French Lick" and "Larry Legend" Bird is widely regarded a ...
, professional basketball player, lived in Brookline while he played for the
Boston Celtics
The Boston Celtics ( ) are an American professional basketball team based in Boston. The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Atlantic Division (NBA), Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference (NBA), ...
*
Tom Brady, lived in Brookline while quarterback of the
New England Patriots
The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston area. The Patriots compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member of the American Football Conference (AFC) AFC East, East division. The Pa ...
*
Gene Clapp (born 1949), silver medalist
1972 Summer Olympics
The 1972 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad () and officially branded as Munich 1972 (; ), were an international multi-sport event held in Munich, West Germany, from 26 August to 11 September 1972. It was the ...
*
Adam Edelman (born 1991), American-born four-time Israeli national champion in skeleton event, and Israeli Olympian
*
Kenny Florian, professional mixed martial artist
*
George O'Day, sailor
Ambassadors
*
Larz Anderson, U.S. Ambassador to Japan
*
Ray Atherton, first
U.S. Ambassador to Canada, born and raised in Brookline
Academics, scientists, and technologists
*
Lily Batchelder (21st century), professor at
New York University
New York University (NYU) is a private university, private research university in New York City, New York, United States. Chartered in 1831 by the New York State Legislature, NYU was founded in 1832 by Albert Gallatin as a Nondenominational ...
and former chief tax counsel to the U.S. Senate Finance Committee
*
Zabdiel Boylston (1679–1766), physician who introduced inoculation against smallpox to the North American colonies in 1721
*
Stanley Cavell (1926–2018), professor of philosophy, winner of a
MacArthur Fellowship
*
Marvin Minsky (1927–2016),
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the capability of computer, computational systems to perform tasks typically associated with human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and decision-making. It is a field of re ...
theorist, inventor, author, professor
*
Herman Chernoff (born 1923), statistician
*
Harvey Cushing (1869–1939), "father of modern neurosurgery"
*
Alice Ettinger (1899–1993), radiologist
*
Edward Fredkin (1934–2023), digital physics pioneer, inventor of the
trie
In computer science, a trie (, ), also known as a digital tree or prefix tree, is a specialized search tree data structure used to store and retrieve strings from a dictionary or set. Unlike a binary search tree, nodes in a trie do not store t ...
data structure, the
Fredkin gate and the
Billiard-Ball Computer
A billiard-ball computer, a type of conservative logic circuit, is an idealized model of a reversible computing, reversible mechanical computer based on Newtonian dynamics, proposed in 1982 by Edward Fredkin and Tommaso Toffoli. Instead of using ...
Model for
reversible computing
Reversible computing is any model of computation where every step of the process is time-reversible. This means that, given the output of a computation, it's possible to perfectly reconstruct the input. In systems that progress deterministica ...
*
Fayette F. Forbes (1851–1935), water engineer, plant collector, and botanist with a particular interest in algae and diatoms
*
Irwin Freedberg (1933–2005), dermatologist
*
Sheldon Glashow (born 1932), Nobel Prize-winning physicist
*
Robert R. Glauber (1939–2021), Harvard faculty, former chairman of
NASD
*
Robert Goldwyn (1930–2010), editor-in-chief of ''Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery'' for 25 years, professor of surgery at
Harvard Medical School
Harvard Medical School (HMS) is the medical school of Harvard University and is located in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area, Longwood Medical Area in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1782, HMS is the third oldest medical school in the Un ...
, and chief of
Plastic Surgery at
Beth Israel Hospital
*
Irene Jakab (1919–2011), psychiatrist,
humanist
Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry.
The meaning of the term "humanism" ha ...
and longtime Brookline resident who was a member of the faculties of
Harvard University
Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan clergyma ...
, the
University of Pittsburgh
The University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) is a Commonwealth System of Higher Education, state-related research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The university is composed of seventeen undergraduate and graduate schools and colle ...
and the
McLean Hospital
*
Victor Kac (born 1943), mathematician, MIT faculty, creator of Kac-Moody algebras, creator of Superalgebra
*
Jeffrey Karp (born 1975), biomedical researcher
*
Ruth Sager (1918–1997), plant geneticist
*
Lawrence Summers, former Harvard president, former secretary of the treasury, and nephew of the Nobel Prize laureate
Paul Samuelson
Paul Anthony Samuelson (May 15, 1915 – December 13, 2009) was an American economist who was the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. When awarding the prize in 1970, the Swedish Royal Academies stated that he "h ...
Musicians
*
Ran Blake, jazz pianist and composer
*
Roland Hayes (1887–1977), lyric tenor and composer
*
Peter Ivers (1946–1983), musician, singer, songwriter, and television personality
*
Louis Krasner (1903–1995), American violinist
*
Tony Levin (born 1946), musician, bassist
*
James Taylor
James Vernon Taylor (born March 12, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist. A six-time Grammy Award winner, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2000.
Taylor achieved his breakthrough in 1970 with the single "Fi ...
(born 1948), musician, owns a home in Brookline
Politicians
*
Bhumibol Adulyadej
Bhumibol Adulyadej (5 December 192713 October 2016), titled Rama IX, was King of Thailand from 1946 until Death and funeral of Bhumibol Adulyadej, his death in 2016. His reign of 70 years and 126 days is the longest of any List of Thai mo ...
, king of Thailand, lived in Brookline during his infancy while his father the prince studied at Harvard Medical School
*
Michael Bloomberg
Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman and politician. He is the majority owner and co-founder of Bloomberg L.P., and was its CEO from 1981 to 2001 and again from 2014 to 2023. He served as the 108th mayo ...
, mayor of New York City 2002–2012, lived in Brookline as a child
*
Otis Clapp, politician (Massachusetts state representative and member of the
old Boston City Council), homeopath, pharmacist, publisher, bookseller, and
U.S. Internal Revenue Bureau collector
*
Thomas Aspinwall Davis (1798–1845), businessman and mayor of Boston
*
Michael Dukakis
Michael Stanley Dukakis ( ; born November 3, 1933) is an American politician and lawyer who served as governor of Massachusetts from 1975 to 1979 and from 1983 to 1991. He is the longest-serving governor in Massachusetts history and only the s ...
(born 1933), former
governor of Massachusetts
The governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the head of government of the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The governor is the chief executive, head of the state cabinet and the commander-in-chief of the commonw ...
and 1988
Democratic Presidential candidate
*
Raffi Freedman-Gurspan, LGBTQ activist and first openly transgender White House staffer
*
Sybil Holmes (1889–1979), first female member of the
Massachusetts Senate
*
John F. Kennedy (1917–1963), 35th President of the United States (1961–63), born and lived first 10 years of his life in Brookline
*
Robert F. Kennedy (1925–1968),
Attorney General
In most common law jurisdictions, the attorney general (: attorneys general) or attorney-general (AG or Atty.-Gen) is the main legal advisor to the government. In some jurisdictions, attorneys general also have executive responsibility for law enf ...
,
US Senator, brother of President
John F. Kennedy, born in Brookline
Writers
*
Linda Barnes, novelist
*
Saul Bellow
Saul Bellow (born Solomon Bellows; June 10, 1915April 5, 2005) was a Canadian-American writer. For his literary work, Bellow was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, the 1976 Nobel Prize in Literature, and the National Medal of Arts. He is the only write ...
, Nobel Prize-winning novelist, lived the last 12 years of his life in Brookline
*
Marita Bonner (1899–1971), writer, essayist, and playwright
*
Richard Burgin, author, editor of
Boulevard magazine
*
Michael A. Burstein, science-fiction writer
*
Ellen Goodman (born 1941), American journalist and Pulitzer Prize-winning syndicated columnist
*
Susannah Heath (1795–1878), diarist
Other
*
Eddie Andelman, sports radio host and businessman, moved to Brookline as child, graduated from Brookline High
*
Gisele Bündchen, supermodel and former wife of Tom Brady
*
Ida Conquest, actress
*
Zach Cone, creator and player of
Biker Boy
*
Alex Edelman, stand-up comedian
*
Ray Ellin, comedian, host, writer, producer, podcaster
*
Theo Epstein (born 1973),
Chicago Cubs
The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago. The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (baseball), National League (NL) National League Central, Central Division. Th ...
President of Baseball Operations and former
Boston Red Sox
The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) American League East, East Division. Founded in as one of the Ameri ...
general manager
*
Hank Eskin, webmaster of ''
Where's George?''
*
Frederick Perry Fish (1855–1930), pioneering
intellectual property
Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others. The best-known types are patents, co ...
attorney
*
Terry Francona, manager of the
Cleveland Guardians
The Cleveland Guardians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland. The Guardians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central Division. Since , the team has played its home gam ...
*
David Frankel, venture capitalist and entrepreneur
*
Claude Fuess, 10th
Headmaster of
Phillips Academy
Phillips Academy (also known as PA, Phillips Academy Andover, or simply Andover) is a Private school, private, Mixed-sex education, co-educational college-preparatory school for Boarding school, boarding and Day school, day students located in ...
Andover
*
Peter Gammons
Peter Gammons (born April 9, 1945) is an American media personality and recipient of the J. G. Taylor Spink Award for outstanding baseball writing, given by the Baseball Writers' Association of America.
Early life and education
Gammons was bo ...
, baseball writer and ESPN commentator
*
King Gillette, popularizer of the safety razor
*
Minnie Goodnow (1871–1952), WWI nurse and nurse educator
*
John Hodgman (born 1971), author and contributor for ''
This American Life'' and ''
The Daily Show
''The Daily Show'' is an American late-night talk show, late-night talk and news satire television program. It airs each Monday through Thursday on Comedy Central in the United States, with extended episodes released shortly after on Paramount+ ...
''
*
Levi Yitzchak Horowitz (1921–2009), the Bostoner Rebbe
*
Isabella Howland (1895–1974), painter and sculptor
*
Daniel Hoffer, an American entrepreneur and venture capitalist
*
Richard Jones, US ambassador to Israel, lived in Brookline with his family
*
Rosemary Kennedy (1918–2005), sister of President
John F. Kennedy, born in Brookline
*
Kathleen Agnes Kennedy (Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington) (1920–1948), sister of President
John F. Kennedy, born in Brookline
*
Eunice Kennedy Shriver (1921–2009), sister of President
John F. Kennedy, born in Brookline
*
Patricia Kennedy Lawford (1924–2006), sister of President
John F. Kennedy, born in Brookline
*
Louise Andrews Kent (1886–1969), author
*
Robert Kraft (born 1941),
New England Patriots
The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston area. The Patriots compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member of the American Football Conference (AFC) AFC East, East division. The Pa ...
owner
*
Jon Krakauer (born 1954, raised in
Corvallis, Oregon), author of ''
Into the Wild'' and ''
Into Thin Air'', columnist for ''Outside'' magazine
*
Michio, leader of the worldwide macrobiotic movement
*
Amos Adams Lawrence (1814–1886), merchant and abolitionist
*
Abbott Lawrence Lowell (1856–1943), former president of Harvard University
*
Lester Lefton, president of
Kent State University
Kent State University (KSU) is a Public university, public research university in Kent, Ohio, United States. The university includes seven regional campuses in Northeast Ohio located in Kent State University at Ashtabula, Ashtabula, Kent State ...
*
Clarence Cook Little (1888–1971), American geneticist, President of the
University of Michigan
The University of Michigan (U-M, U of M, or Michigan) is a public university, public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest institution of higher education in the state. The University of Mi ...
*
Amy Lowell (1874–1925), poet
*
Eddie Lowery (1903–1984), 10-year-old
caddie of
Francis Ouimet
Francis DeSales Ouimet () (May 8, 1893 – September 2, 1967) was an American amateur golfer who is frequently referred to as the "father of amateur golf" in the United States. He won the U.S. Open (golf), U.S. Open in 1913 U.S. Open (golf), 1 ...
during 1913 U.S. Open held in Brookline
*
Larry Lucchino (born 1945), co-owner of
Boston Red Sox
The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) American League East, East Division. Founded in as one of the Ameri ...
*
Ananda Mahidol, king of Thailand, lived during age 1–3 years in Brookline while his father the prince studied at Harvard Medical School
*
Bob Margolin (born 1949), blues guitarist and former
Muddy Waters sideman
*
Albert and David Maysles, documentary filmmakers
*
Arthur Chute McGill (1926–1980), theologian, philosopher, author and editor, Harvard professor 1971–1980
*
Joey McIntyre, youngest member of musical group New Kids on the Block, lived in Brookline
*
Henry J. Meade, Chief of Chaplains of the
U.S. Air Force
*
Jean Baker Miller (1927–2006), psychoanalyst, feminist, author, social activist
*
Roger Miller, rock musician
*
George Minot (1885–1950), winner of the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
*
Abelardo Morell (born 1948), photographer, professor at Massachusetts College of Art
*
Evelyn Murphy (born 1940), former
lieutenant governor of Massachusetts
*
William Murphy (1892–1987), winner of 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
*
Nicholas Nixon, photographer, professor at Massachusetts College of Art
*
Joel Mark Noe (1943–1991), pioneering reconstructive
plastic surgeon, longtime resident
*
Conan O'Brien (born 1963), television host, comedian, writer, producer, podcaster
*
Frederick Law Olmsted (1822–1903),
landscape architect
*
Lawrence Lessig
Lester Lawrence "Larry" Lessig III (born June 3, 1961) is an American legal scholar and political activist. He is the Roy L. Furman Professor of Law at Harvard Law School and the former director of the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics at Harvar ...
(born 1961), Director of
Harvard University
Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan clergyma ...
's
Edmond & Lily Safra Center for Ethics law school and founder of
Creative Commons
Creative Commons (CC) is an American non-profit organization and international network devoted to educational access and expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share. The organization has release ...
*
Francis Ouimet
Francis DeSales Ouimet () (May 8, 1893 – September 2, 1967) was an American amateur golfer who is frequently referred to as the "father of amateur golf" in the United States. He won the U.S. Open (golf), U.S. Open in 1913 U.S. Open (golf), 1 ...
(1893–1967), amateur golfer who won the
U.S. Open in 1913
*
Miguel de Icaza (born 1972),
*
Edith Pearlman (1936–2023), short story writer
*
Paul Pender (1930–2003), boxer, middleweight champion
*
Esther Petrack, contestant on ''
America's Next Top Model, Cycle 15''
*
Henry Varnum Poor, creator of the
Standard & Poor's
S&P Global Ratings (previously Standard & Poor's and informally known as S&P) is an American credit rating agency (CRA) and a division of S&P Global that publishes financial research and analysis on stocks, bonds, and commodities. S&P is co ...
Index
*
Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa, M.D., neurosurgeon and author
*
Norman Ramsey (1915–2011), winner of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics
*
Rishi Reddi, short story writer
*
Elliot Richardson, lieutenant governor and attorney general of Massachusetts, cabinet official in the Nixon and Ford administrations, ambassador and lawyer
*
Florida Ruffin Ridley (1861–1943), civil rights activist, suffragist, teacher, writer, and editor
*
Steve Rochinski (born 1954), jazz guitarist, recording artist, composer, arranger, author, jazz educator
*
John Rock (1890–1984), pioneer in the development of in vitro fertilization and the birth control pill
*
Neil Rolde (born 1932), writer and Maine politician
*
David L. Rose (born 1967), tech entrepreneur and scientist at the MIT Media Lab
*
Dan Rosenthal (born 1966),
Assistant to the President in White House under
Bill Clinton
William Jefferson Clinton (né Blythe III; born August 19, 1946) is an American politician and lawyer who was the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, ...
*
Larry Ruttman (born 1931), attorney and author
*
Ruth Sager (1918–1997), US geneticist, died in Brookline
*
Ignatius Sargent, (1800-1884), merchant, member of the
Boston Associates, horticulturalist, early benefactor of the
Massachusetts Horticultural Society
*
Arnold Schoenberg
Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg (13 September 187413 July 1951) was an Austrian and American composer, music theorist, teacher and writer. He was among the first Modernism (music), modernists who transformed the practice of harmony in 20th-centu ...
(1874–1951), composer, lived at 1280 Beacon Street during the 1930s
*
Allison Sekuler, American neuroscientist
*
Samuel Sewall (1652–1730), judge in the Salem witch trials
*
Charles Sprague Sargent (1841–1927), first director of Harvard University's
Arnold Arboretum
The Arnold Arboretum is a botanical research institution and free public park affiliated with Harvard University and located in the Jamaica Plain and Roslindale, Massachusetts, Roslindale neighborhoods of Boston.
Established in 1872, it is the ...
*
Conrad Salinger (1901–1962), longtime
orchestrator for
MGM
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. (also known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures, commonly shortened to MGM or MGM Studios) is an American Film production, film and television production and film distribution, distribution company headquartered ...
musicals
*
Sarah Schechter (born 1976), film and television producer
*
John H. Sherburne (1877–1959), U.S. Army brigadier general
*
Joseph B. Soloveitchik (1903–1993), Jewish scholar
*
Sarah Smith (born 1947), novelist
*
Lawrence Summers, economist, president of Harvard University 2001–2006
*
Cindy Stumpo, entrepreneur and residential contractor featured in numerous national publications
*
David Susskind, (1920-1987), producer of TV, movies, and stage plays; TV talk show host.
*
Paul Szep (born 1941), two-time Pulitzer Prize-winning political cartoonist
*
Karen Tarlow (born 1947), composer
*
Michelle Thomas (1968–1998), actress who played Justine Phillips on ''
The Cosby Show'' and
Myra Monkhouse on ''
Family Matters''
*
Mike Wallace
Myron Leon Wallace (May 9, 1918 – April 7, 2012) was an American journalist, game show host, actor, and media personality. Known for his investigative journalism, he interviewed a wide range of prominent newsmakers during his seven-decade car ...
(1918–2012), TV journalist, best known for ''
60 Minutes
''60 Minutes'' is an American television news magazine broadcast on the CBS television network. Debuting in 1968, the program was created by Don Hewitt and Bill Leonard, who distinguished it from other news programs by using a unique style o ...
''
*
Stephen Walt
Stephen Martin Walt (born July 2, 1955) is an American political scientist serving as the Robert and Renee Belfer Professor of international relations at the Harvard Kennedy School. A member of the realist school of international relations, Walt ...
, professor of international relations,
Harvard University
Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan clergyma ...
*
Barbara Walters (1929–2022), television commentator and journalist
*
Robert Weinberg, cancer researcher known for discovering a gene that causes normal cells to form tumors, and the first tumor suppressor gene
*
David Weinberger, blogger, internet expert, and political consultant
*
William A. Wellman (born 1896 in Brookline), director of ''
Wings'' (1927)
*
Mikey Welsh, former bassist for rock band
Weezer
Weezer is an American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1992. Since 2001, the band has consisted of Rivers Cuomo (lead vocals, guitar, keyboards), Patrick Wilson (drums, backing vocals), Brian Bell (guitar, keyboards, backing ...
, moved to Brookline in his youth
*
Henry Melville Whitney (1839–1923), businessman and developer of the Beacon Street boulevard
*
James Scollay Whitney (1811–1878), businessman and politician
*
John Woodrow Wilson (1922–2015), lithographer, sculptor, painter, muralist, and art teacher
*
Bob Woolf
Bob Woolf (1928–1993) was an American sports agent and lawyer. One of the first sports agents, he "ushered in the era of the millionaire sports celebrity" as the agent for athletes including Carl Yastrzemski, Larry Bird, John Havlicek, and Juli ...
(1929-1993), Sports agent who represented athletes including
Larry Bird
Larry Joe Bird (born December 7, 1956) is an American former professional basketball player, coach, and executive in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Nicknamed "the Hick from French Lick" and "Larry Legend" Bird is widely regarded a ...
,
Carl Yastrzemski,
John Havlicek and others
*
Gary K. Wolf, author, creator of
Roger Rabbit
Roger Rabbit is a fictional animated anthropomorphic rabbit. The character first appeared in author Gary K. Wolf's 1981 novel, '' Who Censored Roger Rabbit?''. In the book, Roger is second banana in a popular comic strip, "Baby Herman". Roger ...
*
Danny Yamashiro, chaplain at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a Private university, private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of moder ...
, researcher on
American presidents and
childhood trauma, and media host
*
Moshe Yanai, electrical engineer and entrepreneur
In popular culture
In film
* Scenes from ''
American Hustle'' (2013) were filmed in Brookline.
* Scenes from ''
The Next Karate Kid'' (1993) were filmed in Brookline.
* Scenes from ''
American Fiction'' (2023) were filmed in Brookline.
In television
* June Osborne / Offred, the protagonist of ''
The Handmaid's Tale'' (2017–present), is from Brookline.
In book
* Dr. Melisande Stokes, the protagonist of ''
The Rise and Fall of D.O.D.O.'' time travels to Muddy River hamlet (first settlement of today Brookline).
Sister cities
Brookline is
twinned with:
*
Quezalguaque,
Nicaragua
Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America aft ...
(since 1987)
*Also included under the two sister cities for the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...
,
Hokkaido
is the list of islands of Japan by area, second-largest island of Japan and comprises the largest and northernmost prefectures of Japan, prefecture, making up its own list of regions of Japan, region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō fr ...
, Japan (since 1990).
Basel-Stadt, Switzerland.
See also
*
Greater Boston
Greater Boston is the metropolitan region of New England encompassing the municipality of Boston, the capital of the U.S. state of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England, and its surrounding areas, home to 4,941,632. The most s ...
*
European beech in the Longwood Mall
*
Metropolitan area
A metropolitan area or metro is a region consisting of a densely populated urban area, urban agglomeration and its surrounding territories which share Industry (economics), industries, commercial areas, Transport infrastructure, transport network ...
*
National Register of Historic Places listings in Brookline, Massachusetts
*
Representative town meeting format
References
Further reading
* Ronald Dale Karr (2018). ''Between City and Country: Brookline, Massachusetts, and the Origins of Suburbia''. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press.
* Keith N. Morgan, Elizabeth Hope Cushing, and Roger G. Reed (2012). ''Community by Design: The Olmsted Firm and the Development of Brookline, Massachusetts''. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press.
*
Larry Ruttman (2005). ''Voices of Brookine''. Foreword by
Michael Dukakis
Michael Stanley Dukakis ( ; born November 3, 1933) is an American politician and lawyer who served as governor of Massachusetts from 1975 to 1979 and from 1983 to 1991. He is the longest-serving governor in Massachusetts history and only the s ...
. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Peter E. Randall Publisher. .
External links
*
{{authority control
1638 establishments in the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Greek-American culture in Massachusetts
Israeli-American history
Jewish communities in the United States
Jews and Judaism in Massachusetts
Populated places established in 1638
Russian communities in the United States
Russian-American culture in Massachusetts
Streetcar suburbs
Towns in Massachusetts
Towns in Norfolk County, Massachusetts
Ukrainian communities in the United States
Exclaves in the United States