Brooks's is a

gentlemen's club A gentlemen's club is a private social club of a type originally established by males from Britain's upper classes starting in the 17th century. Many countries outside Britain have prominent gentlemen's clubs, mostly those associated with the ...

St James's Street St James's Street is the principal street in the district of St James's, central London. It runs from Piccadilly downhill to St James's Palace and Pall Mall. The main gatehouse of the Palace is at the southern end of the road; in the 17th centu ...

, London. It is one of the oldest and most exclusive gentlemen's clubs in the world.

History

In January 1762, a private society was established at 50 Pall Mall by Messrs. Boothby and James in response to having been blackballed for membership of

White's White's is a gentlemen's club in St James's, London. Founded in 1693 as a hot chocolate shop in Mayfair, it is London's oldest club and therefore the oldest private members' club in the world. It moved to its current premises on St James's St ...

. This society then split to form the predecessors of both Brooks's and

Boodle's Boodle's is a gentlemen's club in London, England, with its clubhouse located at 28 St James's Street. Founded in January 1762 by Lord Shelburne, who later became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and then 1st Marquess of Lansdowne, it is t ...

. The club that was to become Brooks's was founded in March 1764 by twenty-seven prominent Whig nobles including the

Duke of Portland Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and above sovereign princes. As royalty or nobility, they are ...

, the

Duke of Roxburghe The Duke of Roxburghe () is a title in the peerage of Scotland created in 1707 along with the titles ''Marquess of Bowmont and Cessford'', ''Earl of Kelso'' and ''Viscount Broxmouth''. John Ker, 5th Earl of Roxburghe became the first holder ...

, Lord Crewe and Lord Strathmore.

Charles James Fox Charles James Fox (24 January 1749 – 13 September 1806), styled ''The Honourable'' from 1762, was a British British Whig Party, Whig politician and statesman whose parliamentary career spanned 38 years of the late 18th and early 19th centurie ...

was elected as a member the following year at the age of sixteen. The club premises at 49 Pall Mall was a former tavern owned by

William Almack William Almack (1741–1781) was an English valet, merchant and tavern owner, who became the founder of fashionable clubs and assembly-rooms. His Almack's Coffee House was bought in 1774 and became the gentlemen's club, Brooks's. Biography Acco ...

as was the neighbouring 50 Pall Mall where the society had previously met and so the club become simply known as

Almack's Almack's was the name of a number of establishments and social clubs in London between the 18th and 20th centuries. Two of the social clubs would go on to fame as Brooks's and Boodle's. Almack's most famous establishment was based in assembly ...

. These fashionable young men, known as Macaronis, would frequent the premises for the purposes of wining, dining and gambling. In September 1777 William Brooks, a wine merchant and money lender who acted as Master, or manager, for Almack's, commissioned Henry Holland to design and construct a purpose-built clubhouse at a site on neighbouring St James's Street. Paid for at Brooks's own expense, the building was completed in October 1778 and all existing members of Almack's were invited to join. Brooks's gamble paid off as all existing members swiftly moved into the new building and the club then took on Brooks's name as its own. Brooks himself however would not live long to enjoy this success, dying in poverty in 1782. The new clubhouse was built of yellow brick and

Portland stone Portland stone is a limestone geological formation (formally named the Portland Stone Formation) dating to the Tithonian age of the Late Jurassic that is quarried on the Isle of Portland in Dorset, England. The quarries are cut in beds of whi ...

in a

Palladian Palladian architecture is a European architectural style derived from the work of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). What is today recognised as Palladian architecture evolved from his concepts of symmetry, perspective and ...

style similar to Holland's early country houses. The main suite of rooms on the first floor consisted of the Great Subscription Room, Small Drawing Room and the Card Room. The interiors are in neoclassical style, the Great Subscription Room having a segmental

barrel vault A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault, wagon vault or wagonhead vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. The curves are ...

ceiling. The interior of the building remained fairly unchanged until 1889 when neighbouring 2 Park Place, which had been purchased a few years before, was converted and adapted as part of Brooks's. The main historic attraction of Brooks's was its gambling rooms. At several tables in one, members would stake fortunes on

whist Whist is a classic English trick-taking card game which was widely played in the 18th and 19th centuries. Although the rules are simple, there is scope for strategic play. History In 1674, '' The Complete Gamester'' described the game Ru ...

and

hazard A hazard is a potential source of harm. Substances, events, or circumstances can constitute hazards when their nature would potentially allow them to cause damage to health, life, property, or any other interest of value. The probability of that ...

. Gambling all night was common. When the stakes far exceeded any ordinary expenses, all the club accounts were commonly deducted from winnings, so that no bills were rendered to members. Numerous eccentric bets were and are made in the Brooks's betting book. One extraordinary entry from 1785 is " Ld. Cholmondeley has given two guineas to Ld. Derby, to receive 500 Gs whenever his lordship fucks a woman in a balloon one thousand yards 00 mfrom the Earth." The first hot air balloon flight had taken place just two years earlier in 1783. In 1978, the

St James's Club The St James's Club was a London gentlemen's club which operated between 1857 and 1978. It was founded by two leading diplomats and its members continued to be largely diplomats and authors. It was first established in Bennet Street, and after a b ...

amalgamated with Brooks's, adding to its membership some European royalty, members of the British

diplomatic corps The diplomatic corps () is the collective body of foreign diplomats accredited to a particular country or body. The diplomatic corps may, in certain contexts, refer to the collection of accredited heads of mission ( ambassadors, high commis ...

and writers. The portrait collection of

Sir Francis Dashwood Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer, PC, FRS (December 1708 – 11 December 1781) was an English politician and rake, Chancellor of the Exchequer (1762–1763) and founder of the Hellfire Club. Life and career Early life Dashwood was ...

's infamous

Dilettanti Society The Society of Dilettanti (founded 1734) is a British society of noblemen and scholars that sponsored the study of ancient Greek and Roman art, and the creation of new work in the style. History Though the exact date is unknown, the Society is ...

is housed at the Club and there is also an historic association with the infamous society of 18th-century

rake hells In a historical context, a rake (short for rakehell, analogous to "hellraiser") was a man who was habituated to immoral conduct, particularly womanizing. Often, a rake was also prodigal, wasting his (usually inherited) fortune on gambling, w ...

, the

Hellfire Club Hellfire Club was a term used to describe several exclusive Club (organization), clubs for high-society Rake (character), rakes established in Great Britain and Ireland in the 18th Century. The name most commonly refers to Francis Dashwood, 11t ...

Notable former members

Born in the 18th century

David Garrick David Garrick (19 February 1716 – 20 January 1779) was an English actor, playwright, Actor-manager, theatre manager and producer who influenced nearly all aspects of European theatrical practice throughout the 18th century, and was a pupil a ...

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Sir Scrope Bernard-Morland, 4th baronet Sir Scrope Bernard-Morland, 4th Baronet (1 October 1758 – 18 April 1830) was a British politician and baronet. Background Born Scrope Bernard in Pestel Amberg (Perth Amboy) in New Jersey, he was the sixth and youngest son of Sir Francis Bern ...

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Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux Henry Peter Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux, (; 19 September 1778 – 7 May 1868) was a British statesman who became Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain and played a prominent role in passing the Reform Act 1832 and Slavery A ...

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William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne Henry William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne (15 March 177924 November 1848) was a British Whig (political faction), Whig politician who served as the Home Secretary and twice as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. His first premiership end ...

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John Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley John William Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley, PC, FRS (9 August 1781 – 6 March 1833), known as the Honourable John Ward from 1788 to 1823 and as the 4th Viscount Dudley and Ward from 1823 to 1827, was a British politician and slave holder. He serve ...

(1781–1833) * Granville Proby, 3rd Earl of Carysfort (1782–1868) *

Hugh Fortescue, 2nd Earl Fortescue Hugh Fortescue, 2nd Earl Fortescue (13 February 1783 – 14 September 1861), styled Viscount Ebrington from 1789 to 1841, was a British Whig (British political faction), Whig politician. He was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1839 to 1841. Ear ...

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Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (20 October 1784 – 18 October 1865), known as Lord Palmerston, was a British statesman and politician who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1855 to 1858 and from 1859 to 1865. A m ...

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Daniel O'Connell Daniel(I) O’Connell (; 6 August 1775 – 15 May 1847), hailed in his time as The Liberator, was the acknowledged political leader of Ireland's Roman Catholic majority in the first half of the 19th century. His mobilisation of Catholic Irelan ...

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George Parkyns, 2nd Baron Rancliffe George Augustus Henry Anne Parkyns, 2nd Baron Rancliffe (10 June 1785 – 1 November 1850) of Bunny Hall was an English landowner and politician from Nottinghamshire. A baron in the peerage of Ireland, he sat in the House of Commons of the Unit ...

(1785–1850) * Thomas Francis Kennedy (1788–1879) *

William Arden, 2nd Baron Alvanley William Arden, 2nd Baron Alvanley (8 January 1789 – 16 November 1849) was a British Army officer, peer and socialite, who was a friend of Beau Brummell and one of a close circle of young men surrounding the Prince Regent. Early life and milita ...

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George Nugent-Grenville, 2nd Baron Nugent George Nugent-Grenville, 2nd Baron Nugent of Carlanstown, GCMG (31 December 1788 – 26 November 1850), was an Irish politician. Life A younger son of George Nugent-Temple, 1st Marquess of Buckingham, by Lady Mary Elizabeth Nugent, only d ...

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Robert Rolfe, 1st Baron Cranworth Robert Monsey Rolfe, 1st Baron Cranworth, PC (18 December 1790 – 26 July 1868) was a British lawyer and Liberal politician. He twice served as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain. Background and education Born at Cranworth, Norfolk, he ...

(1790–1868) * Charles Compton Cavendish, 1st Baron Chesham (1793–1863) *

George Glyn, 1st Baron Wolverton George Carr Glyn, 1st Baron Wolverton (27 March 1797 – 24 July 1873) was a banker with interests in the railways, a partner in the family firm of Glyn, Mills & Co., which was reputed to be the largest private bank in City of London, London. Ba ...

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David Salomons Sir David Salomons, 1st Baronet (22 November 1797 – 18 July 1873), was a leading figure in the 19th century struggle for Jewish emancipation in the United Kingdom. He was the first Jewish Sheriff of the City of London and Lord Mayor of Lon ...

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John Townshend, 4th Marquess Townshend Rear Admiral John Townshend, 4th Marquess Townshend (28 March 1798 – 10 September 1863), known as John Townshend until 1855, was a British nobleman, peer, politician, and naval commander. Townshend was the son of Lord John Townshend, younger ...

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Matthew Talbot Baines Matthew Talbot Baines (17 February 1799 – 22 January 1860) was a British lawyer and Liberal politician. He most notably served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in Lord Palmerston's 1855 to 1858 administration. Background and educ ...

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Michael Thomas Bass, Jr. Michael Thomas Bass, Deputy Lieutenant, DL (6 July 1799 – 29 April 1884) was an English brewer and a Member of Parliament (United Kingdom), Member of Parliament. Under his leadership, the Bass Brewery became the largest brewery in the world, ...

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George Keppel, 6th Earl of Albemarle General George Thomas Keppel, 6th Earl of Albemarle, (13 June 179921 February 1891), styled The Honourable from birth until 1851, was a British soldier, Liberal politician and writer. Background and education Born in Marylebone, he was the th ...

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Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby Edward George Geoffrey Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (29 March 1799 – 23 October 1869), known as Lord Stanley from 1834 to 1851, was a British statesman and Conservative Party (UK), Conservative politician who served three times as Prime ...

(1799–1869)

Born in the 19th century

Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury, (30 June 1800 – 20 July 1873) was a British lawyer, judge and Liberal politician. He served as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain between 1861 and 1865. He was knighted in 1852 and raised to the peer ...

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Robert Grosvenor, 1st Baron Ebury Robert Grosvenor, 1st Baron Ebury PC (24 April 1801 – 18 November 1893), styled Lord Robert Grosvenor from 1831 to 1857, was a British courtier and Whig politician. He served as Comptroller of the Household between 1830 and 1834 and as Tre ...

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Charles Pelham Villiers Charles Pelham Villiers (3 January 1802 – 16 January 1898) was a British lawyer and politician from the aristocratic Villiers family. He sat in the House of Commons for 63 years, from 1835 to 1898, making him the longest-serving Member of Parl ...

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Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton (; 25 May 1803 – 18 January 1873) was an English writer and politician. He served as a Whig member of Parliament from 1831 to 1841 and a Conservative from 1851 to 1866. He was Secr ...

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Sir Edward Buxton, 2nd Baronet Sir Edward North Buxton, 2nd Baronet (16 September 1812 – 11 June 1858) was a British Liberal Party politician. He was the son of Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton and his wife, Hannah Gurney (1783–1872). He married Catherine Gurney (1814–1911), da ...

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Adam Haldane-Duncan, 2nd Earl of Camperdown Adam Haldane-Duncan, 2nd Earl of Camperdown (25 March 1812 – 30 January 1867), styled Viscount Duncan between 1831 and 1859, was a United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, British nobleman and politician. Early life Hon. Adam Duncan was bo ...

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William Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 3rd Earl of Minto William Hugh Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 3rd Earl of Minto (; 19 March 1814 – 17 March 1891), was a British Whig (British political party), Whig politician. Early life He was the eldest son of Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 2nd Earl of Minto. ...

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Charles Ponsonby, 2nd Baron de Mauley Charles Frederick Ashley Cooper Ponsonby, 2nd Baron de Mauley (12 September 1815 – 24 August 1896), was a British peer and Liberal politician. Biography Ponsonby was the son of the first Lord de Mauley, the third son of the third Earl of Be ...

(1815–1896) * Sir John Pender (1816–1896) *

Edward Pleydell-Bouverie Edward Pleydell-Bouverie PC, FRS (26 April 1818 – 16 December 1889), styled The Honourable from 1828 to 1855, was a British Liberal politician. He was a member of Lord Palmerston's first administration as Paymaster General and Vice-Presiden ...

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John Dalrymple, 10th Earl of Stair John Hamilton Dalrymple, 10th Earl of Stair, Order of the Thistle, KT Justice of the Peace, JP Deputy Lieutenant, DL (1 April 1819 – 3 December 1903), styled Viscount Dalrymple from 1853 until 1864, was a Scotland, Scottish peer and politicia ...

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Henry Vivian, 1st Baron Swansea Henry Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Swansea (6 July 1821 – 28 November 1894), known between May 1882 and June 1893 as Sir Hussey Vivian, 1st Baronet, was a Welsh people, Welsh industrialist and politician from the Vivian family (baronets and bar ...

(1821–1894) * George Hay, Earl of Gifford (1822–1862) *

Sir Robert Peel, 3rd Baronet Sir Robert Peel, 3rd Baronet , PC (4 May 1822 – 9 May 1895), was a British Peelite, Liberal and from 1884 until 1886 Conservative Member of Parliament (MP). Eldest son of the prime minister Robert Peel, he was educated at Harrow and Chri ...

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Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue, 1st Baron Carlingford Chichester Samuel Parkinson-Fortescue, 2nd Baron Clermont and 1st Baron Carlingford (18 January 1823 – 30 January 1898), known as Chichester Fortescue until 1863 and as Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue between 1863 and 1874 and Lord Carlingford ...

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George Glyn, 2nd Baron Wolverton George Grenfell Glyn, 2nd Baron Wolverton PC (10 February 1824 – 6 November 1887), was a British Liberal politician. He held office in three of the Liberal administrations of William Gladstone. Background Wolverton was the eldest of ...

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Valentine Browne, 4th Earl of Kenmare Colonel Valentine Augustus Browne, 4th Earl of Kenmare Order of St Patrick, KP, Privy Council of the United Kingdom, PC (16 May 1825 – 9 February 1905), styled Viscount Castlerosse from 1853 to 1871, was a British courtier and Liberal Party ...

(1825–1905) * Thomas Brooks, 1st Baron Crawshaw (1825–1908) *

Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster Hugh Lupus Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster, (13 October 1825 – 22 December 1899), styled Viscount Belgrave between 1831 and 1845, Earl Grosvenor between 1845 and 1869, and known as The Marquess of Westminster between 1869 and 1874, was an ...

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Anthony Henley, 3rd Baron Henley Anthony Henley Henley, 3rd Baron Henley, 1st Baron Northington (''né'' Eden; 12 April 1825 – 27 November 1898) was a British peer and Liberal Member of Parliament. Early life and education Henley was born Anthony Eden, the son of Hon. Robe ...

(1825–1898) *

John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley (7 January 18268 April 1902), known as the Lord Wodehouse from 1846 to 1866, was a British Liberal Party (UK), Liberal politician. He held office in every Liberal administration from 1852 to 1895, notably ...

(1826–1902) *

Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook Thomas George Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook, (22 January 182615 November 1904) was a British Liberal statesman. Gladstone appointed him Governor-General of India 1872–1876. His major accomplishments came as an energetic reformer who was de ...

(1826–1904) *

Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, (21 June 182612 February 1902), was a British public servant and prominent member of Victorian era, Victorian society. In his youth he was a popular figure in the court of Q ...

(1826–1902) *

James Carnegie, 9th Earl of Southesk James Carnegie, 9th Earl of Southesk, (16 November 1827 – 21 February 1905) was a Scotland, Scottish nobleman, explorer and poet. Early life Born in Edinburgh, on 16 November 1827, Southesk was the son of Sir James Carnegie, 5th Baronet and C ...

(1827–1905) *

George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon, (24 October 1827 – 9 July 1909), styled Viscount Goderich from 1833 to 1859 and known as the Earl of Ripon in 1859 and as the Earl de Grey and Ripon from 1859 to 1871, was a British p ...

(1827–1909) *

Henry James, 1st Baron James of Hereford Henry James, 1st Baron James of Hereford, (30 October 1828 – 18 August 1911), known as Sir Henry James between 1873 and 1895, was an Anglo-Welsh lawyer and statesman. Initially a Liberal, he served under William Ewart Gladstone as Solicitor ...

(1828–1911) *

Wentworth Beaumont, 1st Baron Allendale Wentworth Blackett Beaumont, 1st Baron Allendale (11 April 1829 – 13 February 1907), was a British industrialist and Liberal politician. Background and education Allendale was the eldest son of Thomas Beaumont and his wife Henrietta Jane Emm ...

(1829–1907) *

Richard Boyle, 9th Earl of Cork Richard Edmund St Lawrence Boyle, 9th Earl of Cork and 9th Earl of Orrery KP, PC (19 April 1829 – 22 June 1904), styled Viscount Dungarvan between 1834 and 1856, was a British courtier and Liberal politician. In a ministerial career spa ...

(1829–1904) *

Edward Knatchbull-Hugessen, 1st Baron Brabourne Edward Hugessen Knatchbull-Hugessen, 1st Baron Brabourne (29 April 1829 – 6 February 1893), known as E. H. Knatchbull-Hugessen, was a British Liberal and later Conservative politician. He served as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Depar ...

(1829–1893) *

Henry Portman, 2nd Viscount Portman William Henry Berkeley Portman, 2nd Viscount Portman, GCVO (12 July 1829 – 16 October 1919) was a British Liberal Member of Parliament. Background Portman was the son of Edward Portman, 1st Viscount Portman and Lady Emma Lascelles, daughte ...

(1829–1919) * John St Aubyn, 1st Baron St Levan (1829–1908) *

George Byng, 3rd Earl of Strafford George Henry Charles Byng, 3rd Earl of Strafford (22 February 1830 – 28 March 1898), styled Viscount Enfield between 1860 and 1886, was a Liberal Party (UK), British Liberal politician. Background and education Byng was the eldest son of Geo ...

(1830–1898) * Francis Foljambe (1830–1917) *

George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen George Joachim Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen (10 August 1831 – 7 February 1907), was a British statesman and businessman best remembered for being "forgotten" by Lord Randolph Churchill. He was initially a Liberal, then a Liberal Unionist be ...

(1831–1907) * Algernon West (1832–1921) *

Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire (23 July 183324 March 1908), styled Lord Cavendish of Keighley between 1834 and 1858 and Marquess of Hartington between 1858 and 1891, was a British statesman. He has the distinction of having he ...

(1833–1908) *

John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton, 13th Marquess of Groppoli, (10 January 1834 – 19 June 1902), better known as Lord Acton, was an English Catholic historian, Liberal politician, and writer. A strong advocate for individua ...

(1834–1902) *

Michael Biddulph, 1st Baron Biddulph Michael Biddulph, 1st Baron Biddulph JP DL (17 February 1834 – 6 April 1923), was a British banker and Liberal, later Liberal Unionist, Member of Parliament (MP). Early life Biddulph was the eldest son of Robert Biddulph and his wife Eli ...

(1834–1923) *

Charles Anderson-Pelham, 3rd Earl of Yarborough Charles Anderson-Pelham, 3rd Earl of Yarborough (14 January 1835 – 6 February 1875), known as Lord Worsley from 1846 to 1852, was a British peer. Yarborough was the son of Charles Anderson-Pelham, 2nd Earl of Yarborough, and his wife M ...

(1835–1875) * Sir Robert William Duff, GCMG, PC (1835–1895) *

William Edwardes, 4th Baron Kensington William Edwardes, 4th Baron Kensington PC (11 May 1835 – 7 October 1896), also 1st Baron Kensington in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, styled The Honourable William Edwardes between 1852 and 1872, was a British landowner and Liberal politi ...

(1835–1906) *

John William Mellor John William Mellor PC DL QC (26 July 1835 – 13 October 1911) was an English lawyer and Liberal Party politician. Born in London, the eldest of the eight sons of Rt Hon. Sir John Mellor, of Otterhead, Devonshire, a Judge of the Queen' ...

(1835–1911) *

John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer John Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer (27 October 1835 – 13 August 1910), known as Viscount Althorp from 1845 to 1857 (and also known as the "Red Earl" because of his distinctive long red beard), was a British Liberal Party (UK), Liberal Party ...

(1835–1910) * Edmond Wodehouse (1835–1914) * The Hon. Evelyn Ashley (1836–1907) *

Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey (11 February 1836 – 23 February 1918), was a British Liberal Party politician, governor of the Colony of Victoria and founder of '' The Naval Annual''. Background and education Brassey was the eldest son of ...

(1836–1918) *

Michael Bass, 1st Baron Burton Michael Arthur Bass, 1st Baron Burton, (12 November 1837 – 1 February 1909), known as Sir Michael Arthur Bass, 1st Baronet, from 1882 to 1886, was a British brewer, Liberal politician and philanthropist. He sat in the House of Commons from ...

(1837–1909) *

Richard Grosvenor, 1st Baron Stalbridge Richard de Aquila Grosvenor, 1st Baron Stalbridge, (28 January 1837 – 18 May 1912), styled Lord Richard Grosvenor between 1845 and 1886, was a British politician and businessman. Initially a Liberal Party (UK), Liberal, he served under ...

(1837–1912) *

Farrer Herschell, 1st Baron Herschell Farrer Herschell, 1st Baron Herschell, (2 November 1837 – 1 March 1899), was Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain in 1886, and again from 1892 to 1895. Life Childhood and education Herschell was born on 2 November 1837 in Brampton, Hamps ...

(1837–1899) *

Sir George Trevelyan, 2nd Baronet Sir George Otto Trevelyan, 2nd Baronet, (20 July 1838 – 17 August 1928) was a British statesman and author. In a ministerial career stretching almost 30 years, he was most notably twice Secretary for Scotland under William Ewart Gladstone and ...

(1838–1928) * Arthur Gore, 5th Earl of Arran (1839–1901) *

Montague Guest Montague John Guest (29 March 1839 – 9 November 1909), was a British Liberal politician. Family A member of the prominent Guest family, he was the third son of Sir John Josiah Guest, 1st Baronet, and his second wife Lady Charlotte, daug ...

(1839–1909) *

Charles Hanbury-Tracy, 4th Baron Sudeley Charles Douglas Richard Hanbury-Tracy, 4th Baron Sudeley PC FRS (3 July 1840 – 9 December 1922), styled The Honourable Charles Hanbury-Tracy from 1858 to 1877, was a British Liberal politician. He served as Captain of the Honourable Corps o ...

(1840–1922) *

Edward Heneage, 1st Baron Heneage Edward Heneage, 1st Baron Heneage, (29 March 1840 – 10 August 1922), was a British people, British Liberal Party (UK), Liberal and Liberal Unionist Party, Liberal Unionist politician. He was briefly Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster under ...

(1840–1922) *

Henry Strutt, 2nd Baron Belper Henry Strutt, 2nd Baron Belper, (20 May 1840 – 26 July 1914), styled The Honourable Henry Strutt between 1856 and 1880, was a British businessman, courtier and politician. Initially a Liberal, he left the party over Irish Home Rule and later ...

(1840–1914) *

Archibald Acheson, 4th Earl of Gosford Archibald Brabazon Sparrow Acheson, 4th Earl of Gosford, (19 August 1841 – 11 April 1922) was a British peer. The son of Archibald Acheson, 3rd Earl of Gosford, he was born at Worlingham Hall, Suffolk, in 1841, and educated at Harrow School; ...

(1841–1922) *

Robert Haldane-Duncan, 3rd Earl of Camperdown Robert Adam Philips Haldane Haldane-Duncan, 3rd Earl of Camperdown (28 May 1841 – 5 June 1918), styled Viscount Duncan from 1859 to 1867, was a British Liberal politician. Early life Camperdown was the eldest son of Adam Haldane-Duncan, 2nd E ...

(1841–1918) * Hamar Alfred Bass (1842–1898) *

Robert Finlay, 1st Viscount Finlay Robert Bannatyne Finlay, 1st Viscount Finlay, (11 July 1842 – 9 March 1929), known as Sir Robert Finlay from 1895 to 1916, was a British barrister and politician who was Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain from 1916 to 1919. Backgrou ...

(1842–1929) *

Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, (14 January 18453 June 1927), was a British statesman who served successively as Governor General of Canada, Viceroy of India, Secretary of State for War and Secretary of State ...

(1845–1927) *

Charles Cecil Cotes Charles Cecil Cotes (7 April 1846 – 9 August 1898) was a British landowner and Liberal politician. Cotes was born in 1846, eldest surviving son of John Cotes of Woodcote Hall near Newport, Shropshire (himself a former MP) and his wife Lady ...

(1846–1898) *

Herbert Gardner, 1st Baron Burghclere Herbert Colstoun Gardner, 1st Baron Burghclere, (9 June 1846 – 6 May 1921) was a British Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 until he was raised to the peerage in 1895. He served as President of the Board of Agricu ...

(1846–1921) *

John Lawrence, 2nd Baron Lawrence John Hamilton Lawrence, 2nd Baron Lawrence (1 October 1846 – 22 August 1913) was a British peer and Conservative politician. Lawrence was the son of John Laird Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence, Viceroy of India, and Harriett Katherine Hamilton. Si ...

(1846–1913) *

Edward Walter Hamilton Sir Edward Walter Hamilton, (7 July 1847 – 2 September 1908HAMILTON, Sir Edward Walter’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007), also known as Eddy Hamilton, was a British political diarist and ...

(1847–1908) *

Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, 1st Earl of Midlothian (7 May 1847 – 21 May 1929) was a British Liberal Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from March 1894 to June 1895. Between the death of h ...

(1847–1929) *

Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin Victor Alexander Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin, 13th Earl of Kincardine (16 May 184918 January 1917), known as Lord Bruce until 1863, was a right-wing British Liberal politician who served as Viceroy of India from 1894 to 1899. He was appointed by Pr ...

(1849–1917) *

Edward Marjoribanks, 2nd Baron Tweedmouth Edward Marjoribanks, 2nd Baron Tweedmouth, (8 July 1849 – 15 September 1909), was a moderate British Liberal Party statesman who sat in the House of Commons from 1880 until 1894 when he inherited his peerage and then sat in the House of Lor ...

(1849–1909) *

Sir John Simeon, 4th Baronet Sir John Stephen Barrington Simeon, 4th Baronet DL (31 August 1850 – 1909) was one of the two Members of Parliament for Southampton at the end of the 19th century and the start of the 20th century. He was born at Swainston Manor in West Wig ...

(1850–1909) *

Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey Albert Henry George Grey, 4th Earl Grey, (28 November 185129 August 1917) was a British peer and politician who served as Governor General of Canada from 1904 to 1911, the ninth since Canadian Confederation. He was a radical Liberal aristocrat ...

(1851–1917) *

Edward Ponsonby, 8th Earl of Bessborough file:Chapel, Stansted Park- memorial (4) (geograph 1913346).jpg, Memorial in the chapel at Stansted Park Edward Ponsonby, 8th Earl of Bessborough, (1 March 1851 – 1 December 1920), known as Viscount Duncannon from 1895 until 1906, was a U ...

(1851–1920) *

Cromartie Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 4th Duke of Sutherland Cromartie Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 4th Duke of Sutherland (20 July 1851– 27 June 1913), styled Lord Cromartie Sutherland-Leveson-Gower until 1858, Earl Gower between 1858 and 1861 and Marquess of Stafford between 1861 and 1892, was a British ...

(1851–1913) *

Thomas Lister, 4th Baron Ribblesdale Thomas Lister, 4th Baron Ribblesdale (29 October 1854 – 21 October 1925) was a British Liberal Party (UK), Liberal politician. Early life Thomas Lister was born on 29 October 1854 in Fontainebleau, France, the eldest son of Thomas Lister, 3rd ...

(1854–1925) * George Venables-Vernon, 7th Baron Vernon (1854–1928) *

William Mansfield, 1st Viscount Sandhurst William Mansfield, 1st Viscount Sandhurst (21 August 1855 – 2 November 1921) was a British Liberal politician and colonial governor. He was Governor of Bombay between 1895 and 1900 and Lord Chamberlain of the Household between 1912 and 19 ...

(1855–1921) *

Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane Richard Burdon Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane, (; 30 July 1856 – 19 August 1928) was a Scottish-born English lawyer, philosopher, an influential British Liberal and later Labour politician and statesman. He was Secretary of State for War ...

(1856–1928) *

Francis Stonor, 4th Baron Camoys Francis Robert Stonor, 4th Baron Camoys (9 December 1856 – 14 July 1897) was a British aristocrat who served as Lord-in-Waiting to Queen Victoria. Early life Francis Robert Stonor was born on 9 December 1856 in Oxfordshire, England. He was th ...

(1856–1897) *

Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe (12 January 185820 June 1945), known as The Honourable Robert Milnes from 1863 to 1885, The Lord Houghton from 1885 to 1895 and as The Earl of Crewe from 1895 to 1911, was a British Lib ...

(1858–1945) *

Herbrand Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford Herbrand Arthur Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford (19 February 1858 – 27 August 1940) was an English politician and peer. He was the son of Francis Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford, and his wife Lady Elizabeth Sackville-West, daughter of George Sack ...

(1858–1940) *

Sir Charles Seely, 2nd Baronet Sir Charles Hilton Seely, 2nd Baronet, VD, KGStJ (7 July 1859 – 26 February 1926), was a British industrialist, landowner and Liberal Unionist (later Liberal Party) politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Lincoln from 1895 to 19 ...

(1859–1926) *

Wentworth Beaumont, 1st Viscount Allendale Wentworth Canning Blackett Beaumont, 1st Viscount Allendale PC, JP, DL (2 December 1860 – 12 December 1923), styled The Hon. Wentworth Beaumont between 1906 and 1907, and Lord Allendale from 1907, was a British Liberal politician. Backg ...

(1860–1923) * The Hon. Hubert Beaumont (1864–1922) *

Sir John Fuller, 1st Baronet Sir John Michael Fleetwood Fuller, 1st Baronet, (21 October 1864 – 4 September 1915) was a British Liberal Party politician and colonial administrator. Biography Fuller was the eldest son of George Fuller, of Neston Park, Corsham, Wiltshire ...

(1864–1913) *

Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon (12 September 1866 – 12 August 1941), styled as the Earl of Willingdon between 1931 and 1936, was a British Liberal politician and administrator who served as Governor General of Canada and ...

(1866–1941) *

Wilfrid Ashley, 1st Baron Mount Temple Colonel Wilfrid William Ashley, 1st Baron Mount Temple, PC DL (13 September 1867 – 3 July 1939) was a British soldier and Conservative politician. He was Minister of Transport between 1924 and 1929 under Stanley Baldwin. Background and educ ...

(1867–1939) *

Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire (31 May 18686 May 1938), known as Victor Cavendish until 1908, was a British peer and politician who served as Governor General of Canada. A member of the Cavendish family, Victor ...

(1868–1938) *

Oliver Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill Arthur Oliver Villiers Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill, (19 February 1869 – 7 July 1935) was a British peer and civil servant. He served as Governor of Madras from October 1900 to February 1906, and as acting Viceroy of India from April to Decem ...

(1869–1935) * Christopher Vane, 10th Baron Barnard, CMG, OBE, MC, TD (1888–1964)

Born in the 20th century

James Lees-Milne (George) James Henry Lees-Milne (6 August 1908 – 28 December 1997) was an English writer and expert on country houses, who worked for the National Trust from 1936 to 1973. He was an architectural historian, novelist and biographer. His extens ...

(1908–1997) *

Sir Isaiah Berlin Sir Isaiah Berlin (6 June 1909 – 5 November 1997) was a Russian-British social and political theorist, philosopher, and historian of ideas. Although he became increasingly averse to writing for publication, his improvised lectures and talks ...

, OM (1909–1997) * Sir Patrick Dean, GCMG (1909–1994) * Vane Ivanovic (1913–1999) *

Patrick O'Brian Patrick O'Brian (12 December 1914 – 2 January 2000), born Richard Patrick Russ, was an English novelist and translator, best known for his Aubrey–Maturin series. These sea novels are set in the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars and ...

CBE The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding valuable service in a wide range of useful activities. It comprises five classes of awards across both civil and military divisions, the most senior two o ...

(1914–2000), author of the Aubrey-Maturin novels * Gordon Richardson, Baron Richardson of Duntisbourne, KG, MBE, TD, PC, DL (1915–2010) *

John Desmond Cronin John Desmond Cronin (1 March 1916 – 3 January 1986) was a British surgeon and Labour Party politician. Early life and education He was born in Simla, British India (since 1947 known as Shimla), the summer capital of India in the days of the ...

(1916–1986) *

Charles Denman, 5th Baron Denman Charles Spencer Denman, 5th Baron Denman (7 July 1916 – 21 November 2012), was a British businessman. His interest in the Middle East, formed during the Second World War, was the focus for most of his business endeavours. Early life Denman wa ...

, MC (1916–2012) * Sir Nigel Strutt, TD, DL (1916–2004) *

George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe George Patrick John Rushworth Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe, Baron Jellicoe of Southampton (4 April 1918 – 22 February 2007) was a British politician, diplomat and businessman. Lord Jellicoe was the only son but sixth and youngest child o ...

, KBE, DSO, MC, PC, FRS (1918–2007) * Sir Alan Campbell (1919–2007) *

Henry Kitchener, 3rd Earl Kitchener Major Henry Herbert Kitchener, 3rd Earl Kitchener TD DL (24 February 1919 – 16 December 2011), styled Viscount Broome from 1928 to 1937, was a British peer. He was unmarried, and when he died the title Earl Kitchener became extinct. Educa ...

, TD, DL (1919–2011) *

Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire Andrew Robert Buxton Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire (2 January 1920 – 3 May 2004), styled Lord Andrew Cavendish until 1944 and Marquess of Hartington from 1944 to 1950, was a British peer and politician. He was a minister in the government ...

(1920–2004) * Roy Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead (1920–2003) * John Colvin (1922–2003) * Sir Oliver Millar (1923–2007) *

Christopher James, 5th Baron Northbourne Christopher George Walter James, 5th Baron Northbourne, 6th Baronet (18 February 1926 – 8 September 2019), was a British farmer and aristocrat. He was one of the ninety hereditary peers elected to remain in the House of Lords after the passi ...

, DL (1926–2019) *

Alan Clark Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark (13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament (MP), author and diarist. He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatcher's governments at the Departments of Employment, Tr ...

(1928–1999)Mrs. Thatcher's Minister The Private Diaries of Alan Clark, p. 9. * Sir Richard Paniguian (1949–2017) * Sir

Gavyn Farr Arthur Sir Gavyn Farr Arthur (13 September 1951 – 16 May 2016) was a British judge and prominent figure in the City of London who served as the 675th Lord Mayor from 2002 to 2003. Early life The only surviving son of Major Leonard Arthur, JP, by ...

, Lord Mayor of London (1951–2016)

References

Sources

Edward Walford Edward Walford (1823–1897) was an England, English magazine editor and a compiler of educational, biographical, genealogical and touristic works, perhaps best known for the final four volumes of ''Old and New London'' (Cassell (publisher), Cas ...

; ''Old and New London: Volume 4'', pp. 140–164; 1878 * F. H. W. Sheppard, ed.; ''Survey of London: volumes 29 and 30: St James Westminster, Part 1'', pp. 325–338; 1960 *

Christopher Hibbert Arthur Raymond Hibbert (5 March 1924 – 21 December 2008), known as Christopher Hibbert, was an English people, English author, popular historian and biographer. He has been called "a pearl of biographers" (''New Statesman'') and "probably the ...

; ''London, the Biography of a City''; 1969; William Morrow, New York * Robert Phipps Dod; ''Parliamentary Companion'' (various editions)

External links

{{Liberal-aligned gentlemen's clubs of London 1764 establishments in England Gentlemen's clubs in London Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster Liberalism in the United Kingdom Regency London