COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De rivier Brandas TMnr 3728-1021

COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Rivier de Brantas Java TMnr 10022610

The Brantas is the longest

river A river is a natural stream of fresh water that flows on land or inside Subterranean river, caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river. A river may run dry before reaching the end of ...

East Java East Java (, , ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia located in the easternmost third of Java island. It has a land border only with the province of Central Java to the west; the Java Sea and the Indian Ocean border its northern ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

. It has a length of 320 km, and drains an area of over 11,000 km² from the southern slope of

Mount Kawi Mount Kawi or Gunung Kawi is a stratovolcano in East Java on Java island, Indonesia. It is a massive volcano, adjacent to Mount Butak. There is no historical record of its eruptions. See also * List of volcanoes in Indonesia The geog ...

-Kelud-Butak,

Mount Wilis Mount Wilis is a solitary volcanic massif surrounded by low-elevation plains. It is located in East Java, Java island, Indonesia. It is not far from Mount Kelut. No confirmed historical eruptions are known from this volcano. Images gallery ...

, and the northern slopes of Mount Liman-Limas, Mount Welirang, and Mount Anjasmoro. Its course is semi-circular or spiral in shape: at its source, the river heads southeast, but gradually curves south, then southwest, west, then north, and finally it flows generally eastward at the point where it branches off to become the Kalimas and Porong River.

History

COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Rivier de Brantas Surabaya Java TMnr 10018418

King

Mpu Sindok Śrī Mahārāja Rake Halu Dyaḥ Siṇḍok Śrī Īśānawikrama Dharmottuṅgadewawijaya (also known as Dyah Sindok, Mpu Sindok or Sindok) was the last king of the Sanjaya dynasty who ruled the Mataram Kingdom, Kingdom of Mataram from Central Ja ...

moved his kingdom from the Mataram Kingdom in

Central Java Central Java (, ) is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia, located in the middle of the island of Java. Its administrative capital is Semarang. It is bordered by West Java in the west, the Indian Ocean and the Special Region of Yogya ...

to a new location on this river circa 950 A.D. Possibly (only one of several reasons given) due to a

Mount Merapi Mount Merapi (, ) is an active stratovolcano located on the border between the province of Central Java and the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548. It is loc ...

volcanic eruption, he had to leave his kingdom to this new safe place near the present city of

Madiun Madiun () is a city in the western part of East Java, Indonesia, known for its agricultural center. The city has been administratively separate from the surrounding Madiun Regency since the formation of the two bodies in 1950, but the city remain ...

Cities and regencies on the Brantas River

* Batu *

Malang Regency Malang Regency (Javanese script, Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦼꦤ꧀ꦩꦭꦁ; Pegon script, Pegon: كابوڤاتين مالاڠ; Osob Kiwalan: ''ngalaM'') is the second largest Regency (Indonesia), regency in East Java, Indonesia, with a total a ...

Malang Malang (; , ), historically known as Tumapel, is an inland List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, city in the Indonesian Provinces of Indonesia, province of East Java. It has a history dating back to the age of the Singhasari, Singhasari K ...

Blitar Regency Blitar Regency () is a regency in East Java, Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,558.79 km2 and had a population of 1,116,639 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 1,223,745 at the 2020 Census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 20 ...

Blitar Blitar is a landlocked city in East Java, Indonesia, about 73 km from Malang and 167 km from Surabaya. The area lies within longitude 111° 40' – 112° 09' East and its latitude is 8° 06' South. The city of Blitar lies at an altitude ...

Tulungagung Regency Tulungagung Regency (pronounced ) is a regency ''(kabupaten)'' of East Java Province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 1,144.53 km2 and had a population of 990,159 at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 1,089,775 at the 20 ...

Kediri Regency Kediri Regency () is a regency (''kabupaten'') located in East Java province, Indonesia. It is one of two ' Daerah Tingkat II' that has the name 'Kediri' (the other is the City of Kediri, which is separate from the Regency). The Regency covers an ...

* Kediri *

Nganjuk Regency Nganjuk Regency (Javanese language, Javanese: ꦏꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦔꦚ꧀ꦗꦸꦏ꧀) is a Regencies of Indonesia, regency ''(kabupaten)'' of East Java Province, Indonesia. It borders Bojonegoro Regency in the north, Jombang Regency in the ...

Jombang Regency Jombang Regency (; ) is a regency of East Java, Indonesia, situated to the southwest of Surabaya. The capital of the regency is the town of Jombang. The regency has an area of 1,159.50 km2 and a population of 1,202,407 at the 2010 censusBiro ...

Mojokerto Regency Mojokerto Regency (; ) is a regency in East Java Province of Indonesia. It is part of the Surabaya metropolitan area (known as Gerbangkertosusila) which comprises Gresik Regency, Bangkalan Regency, Mojokerto Regency, Mojokerto City, Surabaya Ci ...

Mojokerto Mojokerto ( (''Måjåkěrtå'')) is a city in East Java Province of Indonesia. It is located 40 km southwest of Surabaya, the provincial capital, and constitutes one of the component units of the Surabaya metropolitan area (known as Gerbang ...

Geography

The river flows in the eastern area of Java with a predominantly

tropical monsoon climate An area of tropical monsoon climate (occasionally known as a sub-equatorial, tropical wet climate or a tropical monsoon and trade-wind littoral climate) is a tropical climate subtype that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification category ' ...

(designated as ''Am'' in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification). The annual average temperature in the area is 26 °C. The warmest month is October when the average temperature is around 30 °C, and the coldest is June, at 24 °C on average. The average annual rainfall is 2982 mm. The wettest month is March, with an average of 496 mm of rainfall, and the driest is August, with 28 mm of rainfall.

References

{{Coord, 7.4599, S, 112.4302, E, display=title Rivers of East Java Brantas basin