Božina M. Ivanović (; 31 December 1931 – 10 October 2002) was a Montenegrin

anthropologist An anthropologist is a scientist engaged in the practice of anthropology. Anthropologists study aspects of humans within past and present societies. Social anthropology, cultural anthropology and philosophical anthropology study the norms, values ...

and

politician A politician is a person who participates in Public policy, policy-making processes, usually holding an elective position in government. Politicians represent the people, make decisions, and influence the formulation of public policy. The roles ...

. He served as General Secretary of the

Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts ( sh-Cyrl, Црногорска академија наука и умјетности, ЦАНУ; ) is the most important scientific institution of Montenegro. History It was founded in 1973 as the Montene ...

and President of

Matica crnogorska Matica crnogorska (, ) is a Montenegrin cultural institution. It was founded in 1993 as a non-governmental organization which promotes Montenegrin national and cultural identity and the Montenegrin language. In 2008, the Parliament of Montenegr ...

. He was a professor at the Faculty of Science and Mathematics,

University of Montenegro The University of Montenegro () is a national public university of Montenegro. Its central administration and most of its constituent faculties are located in the country's capital Podgorica, with campuses in Nikšić, Cetinje, and Kotor. Its ...

Early life and education

Božina Ivanović was born on 31 December 1931 in

Podgorica Podgorica ( cnr-Cyrl, Подгорица; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Montenegro, largest city of Montenegro. The city is just north of Lake Skadar and close to coastal destinations on the Adriatic Sea. Histor ...

, where he graduated from elementary school, as well as lower and higher gymnasium. He graduated from the Higher Pedagogical School in

Cetinje Cetinje ( cnr-Cyrl, Цетиње, ) is a List of cities and towns in Montenegro, town in Montenegro. It is the former royal capital ( cnr-Latn-Cyrl, prijestonica, приjестоница, separator=" / ") of Montenegro and is the location of sev ...

in 1952, studying in biology and chemistry. After that, Ivanović graduated in biology at the

Faculty of Philosophy A faculty is a division within a university or college comprising one subject area or a group of related subject areas, possibly also delimited by level (e.g. undergraduate). In North America, academic divisions are sometimes titled colleges, sc ...

Sarajevo Sarajevo ( ), ; ''see Names of European cities in different languages (Q–T)#S, names in other languages'' is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 2 ...

in 1958. He received his doctorate in biology from the Faculty of Science in Sarajevo in 1964 and his doctorate in philosophy (in

physical anthropology Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is a natural science discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings, their extinct hominin ancestors, and related non-human primates, particularly from ...

) from

Charles University Charles University (CUNI; , UK; ; ), or historically as the University of Prague (), is the largest university in the Czech Republic. It is one of the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, oldest universities in the world in conti ...

Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...

in 1974.

Political career

Ivanović joined the Communist Party of Montenegro in 1949. He steadily moved up the ladder in the Montenegrin branch of

League of Communists of Yugoslavia The League of Communists of Yugoslavia, known until 1952 as the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, was the founding and ruling party of SFR Yugoslavia. It was formed in 1919 as the main communist opposition party in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats ...

. Originally a teacher, Ivanović became Director of the Biological Institute in Titograd. From 1974 to 1982, he served as Education Secretary in

SR Montenegro The Socialist Republic of Montenegro ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Socijalistička Republika Crna Gora, Социјалистичка Република Црна Гора), commonly referred to as Socialist Montenegro or simply Montenegro, was ...

. He served as General Director of RTV Titograd. From 1988 to 1989, he was the President of Presidency of SR Montenegro. He was forced out of power in January 1989 in the wake of the Anti-bureaucratic revolution.

Later life and death

Following his fall from power, Ivanović became the first President of

in May 1993. He was a professor at the Faculty of Science and Mathematics at the

. Ivanović died on 10 October 2002 in Podgorica.

Selected works

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References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ivanović, Božina 1931 births 2002 deaths Montenegrin anthropologists Montenegrin communists Montenegrin educators League of Communists of Montenegro politicians Presidents of Montenegro 20th-century anthropologists