The Boston Cooking School was founded in 1879 by the
Women’s Education Association of
Boston[Not to be confused with the Women's Educational and Industrial Union.] "to offer instruction in cooking to those who wished to earn their livelihood as cooks, or who would make practical use of such information in their families."
[Lincoln, Mary J. "Pioneers of Scientific Cookery, The." ''Good Housekeeping,'' Vol.51, no.4, (October, 1910), p.470-473.] The school became famous following the 1896 publication of
The Boston Cooking-School Cook Book
The ''Boston Cooking-School Cook Book'' (1896) by Fannie Farmer is a 19th-century general reference cookbook which is still available both in reprint and in updated form. It was particularly notable for a more rigorous approach to recipe writing ...
by its principal at the time,
Fannie Merritt Farmer.
History
The idea for the school was first proposed by Association member Mrs. Sarah E. Hooper, who had observed the teaching of cookery at London's National School of Cookery, while passing through that city on her return from an extended trip to Australia.
[The National School of Cookery, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London had been founded in 1873 as The Popular School of Cookery.] She persuaded the Association to authorize $100 to launch a similar school in Boston; The Boston Cooking School opened on March 10, 1879, at 158½ Tremont Street.
The first teacher was Miss Joanna Sweeney (about whom little is now known), who was engaged to teach the "normal classes" in basic cooking. Tuition was purposefully kept low: $1.50 for six lessons.
To cater to upper-class women (and their cooks),
Maria Parloa
Maria may refer to:
People
* Mary, mother of Jesus
* Maria (given name), a popular given name in many languages
Place names Extraterrestrial
*170 Maria, a Main belt S-type asteroid discovered in 1877
*Lunar maria (plural of ''mare''), large, da ...
[Maria Parloa had founded her own private "Miss Parloa's School of Cooking" at 174 Tremont Street in the fall of 1877. Parloa closed her Boston school in the spring of 1882, and opened a similar school in New York City the following November. Parloa was ''not'' the founder of the Boston Cooking School, as is sometimes asserted.] was engaged to give lecture / demonstrations of more advanced cookery on alternate Saturdays.
Mary Johnson Bailey Lincoln
Mary Johnson Bailey Lincoln (July 8, 1844 – December 2, 1921) was an influential Boston cooking teacher and cookbook author. She used Mrs. D.A. Lincoln as her professional name during her husband's lifetime and in her published works; after ...
(Mrs. David A.) was invited to teach at the school in November, 1879; she later became the school's first principal.
Following its successful start, the school was incorporated in 1883 as the Boston Cooking School Corporation; its first president was Mrs. Hooper.
In 1884, Roberts Brothers of Boston published ''Mrs. Lincoln's Boston Cook Book: What to Do and What Not to Do in Cooking.'' According to Lincoln, "This was done primarily to meet the need of a textbook for our pupils and save the copying of recipes."
During Mary Lincoln's tenure, the Boston Cooking School instituted a number of special programs. In 1880, the School joined forces with the Industrial Aid Society to offer free cooking classes in Boston's primarily-immigrant North End. Special courses on nutrition were organized for students at the Harvard Medical School; classes on "sick-room cookery" were offered to nurses from several hospitals in Boston, as well as Concord, NH.
[n.a., “The Boston Cooking School,” in ''The New England Kitchen,'' Vol.I, no.1, (April, 1894), p.3-5.]
Special lectures were given from time to time on topics ranging from anatomy and digestion by noted Boston physicians, to marketing "by those experienced in that work."
Most noteworthy were lectures on the subject of food chemistry by
Ellen H. Richards,
the first woman to earn a degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the first woman in America to earn a degree in chemistry. Richards later became a leader in the founding of the Home Economics movement in the United States.
Mrs. Lincoln served as principal until January, 1885, when a death in her family necessitated her resignation.
Subsequent principals included Miss Ida Maynard, and Mrs. Carrie M. Dearborn, both graduates of the school.
In 1889, Miss
Fannie Merritt Farmer was invited to remain after her own graduation to serve as assistant principal to Mrs. Dearborn; she became principal following Mrs. Dearborn's death in 1891. Five years later, the first edition of Farmer's
Boston Cooking-School Cook Book
The ''Boston Cooking-School Cook Book'' (1896) by Fannie Farmer is a 19th-century general reference cookbook which is still available both in reprint and in updated form. It was particularly notable for a more rigorous approach to recipe writing ...
was published by Little, Brown & Co. of Boston. The book quickly became an American classic, and is still in print today.
[The 1896 first edition has been reprinted in facsimile by several different publishers. See ]Boston Cooking-School Cook Book
The ''Boston Cooking-School Cook Book'' (1896) by Fannie Farmer is a 19th-century general reference cookbook which is still available both in reprint and in updated form. It was particularly notable for a more rigorous approach to recipe writing ...
for a complete history of the work's subsequent 13 editions.
Fannie Farmer left the Boston Cooking School in 1902, and subsequently opened Miss Farmer's School of Cookery, located in Huntington Chambers, 30 Huntington Avenue, Boston.
[A detailed "Announcement of Courses" at Miss Farmer's School may be found in editions of ''The Boston Cooking-School Cook Book'' after this date. For example: (Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1917), p 607-616.]
In 1902, the Boston Cooking School became part of Boston's
Simmons College.
After Fannie Farmer's death in 1915 at the age of 57, her own school continued under the directorship of Alice Bradley until the mid-1940s.
[Fannie Farmer Opens Cooking School a]
This Day in History
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Notes
References
{{Reflist
See also
* Anna Barrows, early 20th century cooking lecturer, an alumna
External links
*Fannie Merritt Farmer a
Feeding America: The Historic American Cookbook Project
*Mary Johnson Bailey Lincoln (Mrs. D.A.) a
Cooking schools in the United States
Education in Boston
History of American cuisine