''Bos palaesondaicus'' occurred on

Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( ; referred to colloquially as the ''ice age, Ice Age'') is the geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was fin ...

Java Java is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea (a part of Pacific Ocean) to the north. With a population of 156.9 million people (including Madura) in mid 2024, proje ...

(

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

) and belongs to the

Bovinae Bovines (subfamily Bovinae) comprise a diverse group of 10 genera of medium to large-sized ungulates, including cattle, bison, African buffalo, water buffalos, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. The members of this group are class ...

subfamily. It has been described by the Dutch paleoanthropologist Eugène Dubois in 1908.Dubois, E. (1908). Das Geologische Alter der Kendengoder TrinilFauna. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardr. Gen., ser. 2, vol. 25, pp. 12351270, pl. 39. The

holotype A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ...

of ''Bos palaesondaicus'' is a skull from Trinil. This

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

is the likely ancestor to the

banteng The banteng (''Bos javanicus''; ), also known as tembadau, is a species of wild Bovinae, bovine found in Southeast Asia. The head-and-body length is between . Wild banteng are typically larger and heavier than their Bali cattle, domesticated ...

(''Bos javanicus'').Hooijer, D.A. (1958a). Fossil Bovidae from the Malay archipelago and the Punjab, Zoologische Verhandelingen van de Museum Leiden 38:1–112.Hooijer, D. A. (1958b). Sexual differences in the skull of fossil and recent banteng. Mammalia 22:73–75.

References

Bos Extinct animals of Indonesia Bos, palaesondaicus Bos, palaesondaicus Bos, Palaesondaicus Mammals described in 1908 Fossil taxa described in 1908 {{paleo-eventoedungulate-stub