Borne (;

Tweants Tweants (Tweants pronunciation: ; nl, Twents ) is a group of non-standardised, closely related Westphalian, Dutch Low Saxon dialects, descending from Old Saxon. It is spoken daily by approximately 62% of the population of Twente, a region in t ...

: ''Boorn'') is a

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality ...

and a town in the eastern

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

, in the region of

Twente Twente ( nl, Twente , Tweants dialect: ''Tweante'') is a region in the eastern Netherlands. It encompasses the most urbanised and easternmost part of the province of Overijssel. Twente is most likely named after the Tuihanti or Tvihanti, a G ...

. Its inhabitants also have the nickname ''Melbuul'' (flourbag in Twentsch).

History

The earliest traces of inhabitation in Borne are archeological finds at the "Stroom Esch" and "Zuid Esch" of substantial settlements dating from the late

Iron Age The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and the Bronze Age (Chalcolithic). The concept has been mostly appl ...

and the Roman period. Finds from around 800 CE., the remains of two farmhouses and the grave of a man buried with his armour, a sword, lance and 16 silver dinarii coined by

Charlemagne Charlemagne ( , ) or Charles the Great ( la, Carolus Magnus; german: Karl der Große; 2 April 747 – 28 January 814), a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first Em ...

near two farmhouses of the same age suggest inhabitation in the ninth century. The first historical mention of Borne, under the name ''Borghende'' dates from 1206 in a document which transfers churches in Steenwijk and Borne and their possessions by Fredericus, the abbot of the monastery in Ruinen to the bishop of Utrecht,

Dirk van Are Dirk van Are (? - 1212), also Dietrich II of Are, was bishop and lord of Utrecht in the thirteenth century. He appears to be one of those martial churchmen who were better qualified for the camp than the choir. He was Bishop of Utrecht from 1198 ...

in return for possessions in Drenthe. The earliest phases of Borne center around the ''Meijershof'', which came into possession of the abbot of Ruinen in 1142. Until the beginning of the industrial age, Borne was an agricultural community, characterised by

plaggen soil Plaggen soil or plaggic anthrosol is a type of soil created in parts of northwest Europe in the Middle Ages, as a result of so-called "plaggen" agriculture on marginal podzol soils. In order to fertilize the fields, pieces of heath or grass incl ...

and extensive cattlefarming. The main crops were

rye Rye (''Secale cereale'') is a grass grown extensively as a grain, a cover crop and a forage crop. It is a member of the wheat tribe ( Triticeae) and is closely related to both wheat (''Triticum'') and barley (genus ''Hordeum''). Rye grain is ...

and

buckwheat Buckwheat (''Fagopyrum esculentum''), or common buckwheat, is a flowering plant in the knotweed family Polygonaceae cultivated for its grain-like seeds and as a cover crop. The name "buckwheat" is used for several other species, such as '' Fago ...

. Several ''landweren'', defensive earthworks consisting or earthen walls overgrown with blackthorn (

Prunus spinosa ''Prunus spinosa'', called blackthorn or sloe, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae. The species is native to Europe, western Asia, and regionally in northwest Africa. It is locally naturalized in New Zealand, Tasmania ...

) and

blackberries The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by many species in the genus ''Rubus'' in the family Rosaceae, hybrids among these species within the subgenus ''Rubus'', and hybrids between the subgenera ''Rubus'' and ''Idaeobatus''. The taxonomy of ...

are still visible in the landscape. Borne was originally the ''richterambt'' (judicial district) Borne, made up of the ''Marke Senderen'' (

Zenderen Zenderen is a village in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is a part of the municipality of Borne, and lies about 6 km southeast of Almelo. History The village was first mentioned in the late-10th century as in Sindron. The etymology ...

) and ''Bi den Broeke'' (lit. "by the brook", Bornerbroek) and the hamlet of Hertme. In 1655 Hertme has evolved into an independent ''marke''.

Population centres

*Borne * Hertme *

Bornerbroek, historically part of Borne, is since 2001 part of the

Almelo Almelo () is a Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands. The main population centres in the town are Aadorp, Almelo, Mariaparochie, and Bornerbroek. Almelo has about 72,000 inhabitants in the middle of ...

municipality. Borne borders the municipalities of

Hengelo Hengelo (; Tweants: ) is a city in the eastern part of the Netherlands, in the province of Overijssel. The city lies along the motorways A1/E30 and A35 and it has a station for the international Amsterdam – Hannover – Berlin service. Pop ...

Hof van Twente Hof van Twente () is a municipality in the eastern Netherlands, province Overijssel. The municipality was established 1 January 2001 as the result of the merger of the municipalities of Diepenheim, Goor, Markelo, Ambt Delden, and Stad Delden. P ...

Dinkelland Dinkelland () is a municipality in the eastern Netherlands. For a short time it was known as Denekamp (one of its component towns) until it was renamed in 2002. Population centres Notable people * Johan Jongkind (1819 in Lattrop – 1891) a ...

and

Tubbergen Tubbergen (; Tweants: ) is a municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands. Geography The following population centres can be found in Tubbergen: Politics As of the 2018 municipal election, the 19-seat municipal council of Tubbergen is c ...

Topography

''Dutch Topographic map of the municipality of Borne, June 2015.''

Twin town

The sister city of Borne is

Transportation

* Borne railway station *Borne is served by two motorways. The and the

Notable people

* Gerrit Jan Meulenbeld (1928 in Borne - 2017) a physician-scholar who taught and published work on

Indology Indology, also known as South Asian studies, is the academic study of the history and cultures, languages, and literature of the Indian subcontinent, and as such is a subset of Asian studies. The term ''Indology'' (in German, ''Indologie'') is of ...

* Henk Nieuwkamp (born 1942 in Borne) a retired Dutch cyclist, competed at the

1968 Summer Olympics The 1968 Summer Olympics ( es, Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968), officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad ( es, Juegos de la XIX Olimpiada) and commonly known as Mexico 1968 ( es, México 1968), were an international multi-sport eve ...

Henny Kroeze Henny Kroeze (born 11 March 1952) is a retired Dutch motorcycle racer who competed in speedway. Kroeze is a ten times Dutch speedway champion. He was also finalist in the Individual Speedway World Championship twice; in 1983 and 1987. Kroeze wa ...

(born 1952 in Zenderen) a retired Dutch motorcycle racer who competed in speedway * Rob Hornstra (born 1975 in Borne) a Dutch photographer and self-publisher of documentary work about the former Soviet Union *

Marleen Veldhuis Magdalena Johanna Maria "Marleen" Veldhuis (born 29 June 1979) is a retired swimmer from the Netherlands. She was world record holder in four events (one individual event and three relay events). Veldhuis won eight world championships gold medal ...

(born 1979 in Borne) a retired swimmer, multiple medal winner at four Summer Olympics from 2008 to 2012 * Wout Weghorst (born 1992 in Borne) a Dutch professional footballer with over 230 club caps

Gallery

File:Synagoge Borne.jpg, Synagoge Borne File:Exterieur OVERZICHT ZUIDGEVEL - Borne - 20260734 - RCE.jpg, Exterieur OVERZICHT ZUIDGEVEL - Borne File:Sint Stephanuskerk Borne.jpg, Sint Stephanuskerk Borne File:Schuur Bartelinksweg.JPG, Schuur Bartelinksweg

References

External links

* * {{Authority control Municipalities of Overijssel Populated places in Overijssel Twente