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Bondo () is a village and a former
The municipality is located near the Swiss–Italian border south of the river Mera in the Val Bregaglia (known as ''Bergell'' in German). It is located in the Bergell sub-district of the Maloja district. The valley floor is so deep that parts of the village do not receive any sunlight in winter. The Val Bondasca leads up from Bondo to
published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 23 September 2009
Under the
accessed 21 September 2009 Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of −0.5%.
accessed 19 October 2009 , the gender distribution of the population was 48.7% male and 51.3% female.Graubunden in Numbers
accessed 21 September 2009 The age distribution, , in Bondo is: 17 children or 9.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old. 8 teenagers or 4.4% are 10 to 14, and 4 teenagers or 2.2% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 16 people or 8.8% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 24 people or 13.3% are 30 to 39, 18 people or 9.9% are 40 to 49, and 29 people or 16.0% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 19 people or 10.5% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 30 people or 16.6% are 70 to 79, there are 13 people or 7.2% who are 80 to 89, and there are 3 people or 1.7% who are 90 to 99. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 37% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (32.4%), the FDP (20.2%) and the CVP (10.5%). In Bondo about 63.8% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a ''
The church of S. Maria in Castelmur was largely rebuilt in the 19th century, but still has its Romanesque campanile. S. Maria in Bondo also has a Romanesque bell tower. This church was restored in the 17th century but retains an important late 15th-century fresco cycle. The remains of the painter Varlin are interred in the nearby cemetery. Further notable buildings include the Casa Molinari, the Palazzo Scartazzini of 1690, the Palazzo Scartazzini am Platz (formerly Cortini) of 1763 and the Palazzo Salis; this last was begun by Jerome de Salis-Soglio in 1765 for his wife Mary and completed by their son in 1774. It is still today owned by the
Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance
21 November 2008 version, accessed 19 October 2009
Official Web siteRelated site
{{Authority control Villages in Bregaglia Cultural property of national significance in Graubünden Populated places disestablished in 2010
municipality
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
The term ''municipality' ...
in the district of Maloja in the Swiss
Swiss most commonly refers to:
* the adjectival form of Switzerland
* Swiss people
Swiss may also refer to: Places
* Swiss, Missouri
* Swiss, North Carolina
* Swiss, West Virginia
* Swiss, Wisconsin
Other uses
* Swiss Café, an old café located ...
canton of Grisons
The Grisons (; ) or Graubünden (),Names include:
* ;
*Romansh language, Romansh:
**
**
**
**
**
**;
* ;
* ;
* .
See also list of European regions with alternative names#G, other names. more formally the Canton of the Grisons or the Canton ...
. It is now part of the municipality of Bregaglia.
Geography
The municipality is located near the Swiss–Italian border south of the river Mera in the Val Bregaglia (known as ''Bergell'' in German). It is located in the Bergell sub-district of the Maloja district. The valley floor is so deep that parts of the village do not receive any sunlight in winter. The Val Bondasca leads up from Bondo to Piz Badile
Piz Badile (3,308 m) is a mountain of the Bregaglia range in the Swiss canton of Graubünden and the Italian region of Lombardy. The border between the two countries runs along the summit ridge. Its north-east face, overlooking the Swiss Val B ...
and Piz Cengalo
Piz Cengalo ( ʃ´ɛŋɡalɔ (3,369 m) is a mountain in the Bregaglia range of the Alps on the border between the Swiss canton of Graubünden and Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern a ...
, two peaks of the Bregaglia Range
The Bregaglia Range (commonly the Bregaglia) is a small group of mostly granite mountains in Graubünden, Switzerland and the Province of Sondrio, northern Italy. It derives its name from the partly Swiss, partly Italian valley, the ''Val Brega ...
.
The municipality of Bondo also includes the smaller village of Promontogno and, above that on a rocky outcrop, the ruins of the fort Castelmur. Additionally there are several abandoned settlements.
Bondo has an area, , of . Of this area, 2.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 37.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.6% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (59.3%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).
On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of Bondo, Castasegna, Soglio, Stampa, and Vicosoprano merged into the new municipality of Bregaglia.Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweizpublished by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 23 September 2009
History
Under the Carolingian dynasty
The Carolingian dynasty ( ; known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings, Karolinger or Karlings) was a Franks, Frankish noble family named after Charles Martel and his grandson Charlemagne, descendants of the Pippinids, Arnulfi ...
Bondo belonged to the ''Ministerium Bergallia'', which was a dependant of the early Bishops of Chur, though after 960 it was owned directly by the Bishop. The valley church of S. Maria at Castelmur is first mentioned in 988, while the village church for Bondo, S. Martino, was consecrated
Sacred describes something that is dedicated or set apart for the service or worship of a deity; is considered worthy of spiritual respect or devotion; or inspires awe or reverence among believers. The property is often ascribed to objects (a ...
in 1250. During the High Middle Ages
The High Middle Ages, or High Medieval Period, was the periodization, period of European history between and ; it was preceded by the Early Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages, which ended according to historiographical convention ...
Bondo was part of several villages that were collectively known as ''di là dell'acqua'' ('across the water'), which were part of the district of Unterporta. In 1367 Bondo, together with the rest of Unterporta, joined the League of God's House (German: ''Gotteshausbund''). In 1380 it was first mentioned under the name of Bondo. In German it was also known as ''Bundth'' while in Romansh it was known as ''Buond''.
In 1552 the Protestant Reformation
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and ...
reached the village. During the 16th century some of the population left Bondo to Italy, and later to eastern Europe (either as bakers or soldiers). This trend has continued into the 20th century, except many now leave for northern Graubünden or the rest of Switzerland.
During the Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...
the Three Leagues
The Three Leagues, sometimes referred to as Raetia, was the 1471 alliance between the League of God's House, the League of the Ten Jurisdictions, and the Grey League. Its members were all Swiss Associates, associates of the Old Swiss Confederacy, ...
were rocked by the '' Bündner Wirren'' or Confusion of the Leagues, as the decentralized leagues fought each other over religion and politics. In 1621, during the Confusion, Spanish troops burned the entire town to the ground, destroying about 248 structures. The town was rebuilt along new central streets.
2017 debris flows
In August 2017 a series ofdebris flow
Debris flows are geological phenomena in which water-laden masses of soil and fragmented Rock (geology), rock flow down mountainsides, funnel into stream channels, entrain objects in their paths, and form thick, muddy deposits on valley floors. ...
s from the adjacent mountain Piz Cengalo
Piz Cengalo ( ʃ´ɛŋɡalɔ (3,369 m) is a mountain in the Bregaglia range of the Alps on the border between the Swiss canton of Graubünden and Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern a ...
destroyed dozens of buildings and a bridge in Bondo, and resulted in the disappearance of eight hikers in Val Bondesca, up the valley from Bondo. The missing people were Swiss, Austrian and German.
Demographics
Bondo has a population () of 204, of which 10.3% are foreign nationals.Graubunden Population Statisticsaccessed 21 September 2009 Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of −0.5%.
accessed 19 October 2009 , the gender distribution of the population was 48.7% male and 51.3% female.Graubunden in Numbers
accessed 21 September 2009 The age distribution, , in Bondo is: 17 children or 9.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old. 8 teenagers or 4.4% are 10 to 14, and 4 teenagers or 2.2% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 16 people or 8.8% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 24 people or 13.3% are 30 to 39, 18 people or 9.9% are 40 to 49, and 29 people or 16.0% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 19 people or 10.5% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 30 people or 16.6% are 70 to 79, there are 13 people or 7.2% who are 80 to 89, and there are 3 people or 1.7% who are 90 to 99. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 37% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (32.4%), the FDP (20.2%) and the CVP (10.5%). In Bondo about 63.8% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either University or a ''
Fachhochschule
A (; plural ), abbreviated FH, is a university of applied sciences (UAS), in other words a Hochschule, German tertiary education institution that provides professional education in many applied sciences and applied arts, such as engineering, te ...
'').
Bondo has an unemployment rate of 0.61%. , there were 16 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 5 businesses involved in this sector. 22 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 3 businesses in this sector. 36 people are employed in the tertiary sector
The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the ...
, with 8 businesses in this sector.
The historical population is given in the following table:
Languages
Most of the population () speaks Italian (77.3%), with German being second most common (19.3%) and Romansh being third ( 1.7%). In 1900, 92.76% of the population spoke Italian and in 1970 it was 95.65%. It wasn't until 1980 that there was a significant German-speaking minority.
Architecture
The church of S. Maria in Castelmur was largely rebuilt in the 19th century, but still has its Romanesque campanile. S. Maria in Bondo also has a Romanesque bell tower. This church was restored in the 17th century but retains an important late 15th-century fresco cycle. The remains of the painter Varlin are interred in the nearby cemetery. Further notable buildings include the Casa Molinari, the Palazzo Scartazzini of 1690, the Palazzo Scartazzini am Platz (formerly Cortini) of 1763 and the Palazzo Salis; this last was begun by Jerome de Salis-Soglio in 1765 for his wife Mary and completed by their son in 1774. It is still today owned by the Count de Salis-Soglio
Count de Salis-Soglio is a continental title of nobility that was recognized in the United Kingdom for a Swiss family which became British Subjects when Jerome, 2nd Count de Salis, was naturalized by private Act of Parliament (4 Geo. 2. c. ''5' ...
. There is also a group of crotti towards Promontagno. In the twentieth century the painter Varlin captured much of the spirit of the village.
Heritage sites of national significance
The '' Castelmur'' medieval fortifications, the church of S. Maria and the ''Palazzo Salis'' are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance.21 November 2008 version, accessed 19 October 2009
References
External links
Official Web site
{{Authority control Villages in Bregaglia Cultural property of national significance in Graubünden Populated places disestablished in 2010