The Bom Jesus do Monte Funicular (), is a
Portuguese funicular
A funicular ( ) is a type of cable railway system that connects points along a railway track laid on a steep grade (slope), slope. The system is characterized by two counterbalanced carriages (also called cars or trains) permanently attached to ...
transport in
civil parish
In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government. Civil parishes can trace their origin to the ancient system of parishes, w ...
of
Nogueiró e Tenões
Nogueiró e Tenões is a Freguesia (Portugal), civil parish in the Concelho, municipality of Braga, in the Portugal, Portuguese district Braga (district), of the same name. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Nogueiró and Te ...
, in the
municipality
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
The term ''municipality' ...
of
Braga
Braga (; ) is a cities of Portugal, city and a Municipalities of Portugal, municipality, capital of the northwestern Portugal, Portuguese Braga (district), district of Braga and of the historical and cultural Minho Province. Braga Municipality ...
, in the
district of the same name. Operated by the Irmandade de
Bom Jesus do Monte the funicular connects the upper-town of Braga with the Shrine on which it gets its name, over a distance that parallels the ''Escadaria de Bom Jesus'' (''Bom Jesus staircase'') to the highest point at the statue of
Saint Longinus.
History

Construction on the tramway system began in April 1880, designed by
Raoul Mesnier du Ponsard, under the direction of Swiss engineer
Nikolaus Riggenbach, and financed by Bracarense businessman
Manuel Joaquim Gomes, the principal shareholder of the Companhia de Carris of Braga.
Gomes was interested in replacing the role of the
horsecar
A horsecar, horse-drawn tram, horse-drawn streetcar (U.S.), or horse-drawn railway (historical), is a tram or streetcar pulled by a horse.
Summary
The horse-drawn tram (horsecar) was an early form of public transport, public rail transport, ...
(rail vehicles pulled by horses), which originally stretched to the Bom Jesus sanctuary, but was complemented by oxen up the steep hill on busy days. The trams were constructed by SLM - Oficinas de Olten.
[
Work began in March 1880, with Portuguese engineer of French descent Raoul Mesnier du Ponsard supervising the work.][ The funicular was inaugurated on 25 March 1882, and cost around 30 contos de réis.][ Its success was such that in the same year Mesnier was invited to design and install a series of funiculars and cable lifts in the Portuguese capital ]Lisbon
Lisbon ( ; ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131, as of 2023, within its administrative limits and 3,028,000 within the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, metropolis, as of 2025. Lisbon is mainlan ...
, some of which are still in operation today.[
In 1914, the Companhia de Carris was expropriated by the municipal council, resulting in the municipality exploiting the tourist transport.][ A campaign of restoration was carried out in 1946 using materials derived from the dismantling of the Monte Railway, in the city of ]Funchal
Funchal () officially Funchal City (), is the capital, largest city and a Municipality (Portugal), municipality in Portugal's Madeira, Autonomous Region of Madeira, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean. The city has a population of 105,795, making it ...
, on the island of Madeira
Madeira ( ; ), officially the Autonomous Region of Madeira (), is an autonomous Regions of Portugal, autonomous region of Portugal. It is an archipelago situated in the North Atlantic Ocean, in the region of Macaronesia, just under north of ...
.
By the 1970s-1980s, the funicular passed to the responsibility of the Confraria do Bom Jesus do Monte.[
On 13 March 2003, a dispatch was issued to classify the funicular as national heritage. In 2006 it underwent another restoration.][
On 18 October 2012, the decision to classify the funicular transport as a ''Monumento de Interesse Público'' was issued (Diário da República, Série 2, 202, Announcement 13592/2012).][
]
Description
The funicular is situated in a rural, isolated location surrounded by luxuriant vegetation, paralleling the Bom Jesus do Monte staircase, and connects the base of the hill with the sanctuary.[ The funicular's route crosses along the flank of the hill, with an 42º incline, across a rise of .][
It functions using two parallel tracks, each with its own tram and central rack, laid on wooden sleepers over stone ballast.][ The trams are connected by a steel cable. Each cabin is long, wide, and has a wheelbase of . The suspension system is made of four helical springs without dampers and hinged spiral-spring stop brakes.][ Each tram supports a capacity 30 seated passengers across six benches (that each seat five passengers), and up to eight standing passengers and the conductor.][
Each cabin includes two water tanks, with the largest with a capacity of that functions as a counterweight and supports a refrigeration circuit for the brakes, and a small tank with a capacity of that supports the rear brakes.][ Both trams run in opposite directions, arriving at their opposite stops simultaneously.][ It is the oldest funicular in the world moved by water balancing, loading water into the car at the top of the hill, weighing it down so it descends to the bottom, at the same time drawing the lighter, drained car up the hill, where the process starts all over again: the trip takes between 2.4 and 4 minutes.
]
Stations
The base terminal is a rectangular stop, comprising three bodies with the central more elevated than the lateral wings, plastered and painted in white, with corners, cornices and frames in granite.[ The principal facade is slightly extended and elevated by several steps to a wooden entrance and exit doorways and their divisions, with lateral facades marked by single doors. The interior is occupied by access platform to the trams.][
The upper stop includes lateral, sloping platforms paved in cobbles, with access to the rail line by a double staircase in granite, diverging at the top.][
]
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
*
{{authority control
Braga
Railway lines opened in 1882
Water-powered funicular railways
Funicular railways in Portugal
Standard-gauge railways in Portugal
Properties of Public Interest in Portugal
Tourist attractions in Braga