Black Diamond, Washington
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Black Diamond is a city in King County, Washington, United States. The population was 4,697 at the 2020 census. In 2023, with a 40.6% growth rate, Black Diamond was the fastest growing small city in King County.


History


Founding

Black Diamond was originally inhabited by the Bəqəlšuł, which is Lushootseed for "from a high point from which you can see", part of Coast Salish people. The area was home to a grill trap and smokehouse, and the tribe fished from Lake Sawyer. Black Diamond was officially incorporated on February 19, 1959. The town's late 20th century population growth has been mostly as a commuter community for people with jobs in Seattle, Bellevue, and suburban centers within the Seattle Metropolitan Area.


Coal mining

Beginning in the 1880s Black Diamond was a rural
coal mining Coal mining is the process of resource extraction, extracting coal from the ground or from a mine. Coal is valued for its Energy value of coal, energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to Electricity generation, generate electr ...
area, developed by the Black Diamond Coal Mining Company of
California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...
, which owned and operated the mine.The move of coal miners from Nortonville, California to Black Diamond, Washington Territory, 1885 by Jacqueline Byer Dial, 1980. The original residents were largely composed of former workers, from the company's previous coal mining operation in Nortonville, California, which primarily sold coal to the thriving new metropolis of
San Francisco San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...
.Black Diamond: Mining the Memories, edited by Diane and Cory Olson, 1988. A combination of low quality coal from the Nortonville mines, water intrusion into the workings there, and the discovery and economical transport of higher-quality Washington coal to San Francisco spelled the demise of Nortonville in the early 1880s.The History of Nortonville, by Robert Kishaba, 1961. The town was home to around 3,500 people by the early 1900s, many of them European immigrants; most of the working men were involved in producing coal. This coal was transported to
Seattle Seattle ( ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Washington and in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. With a population of 780,995 in 2024, it is the 18th-most populous city in the United States. The city is the cou ...
via the Pacific Coast Coal train. Before 1911, the miners were affiliated with the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA), but by March 1911 had left en masse to join the
Industrial Workers of the World The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), whose members are nicknamed "Wobblies", is an international labor union founded in Chicago, United States in 1905. The nickname's origin is uncertain. Its ideology combines general unionism with indu ...
(IWW). After
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, the town shut down the mine as it was no longer viable. A second mining boom spurred growth in the town in the early 1930s on the strength of multiple mining operations promoted by the Morris brothers through the Palmer Coking Coal Company. Mining has continued until recently through the Pacific Coast Coal Company, formerly of San Francisco. The main building of the Black Diamond Historical Museum is the former train station, which served the Seattle and Walla Walla Railroad 1884–1916 and the Pacific Coast Railway 1916–1951. Regular passenger service ended in 1925, but a train still brought men to the mine until 1931, and trains continued to haul coal and freight into the 1940s.


Planned growth via master planned developments (MPDs)

In the 1990's, the first Black Diamond city planner (Jason Paulsen), seized an opportunity to create a comprehensive development plan for the City of Black Diamond that when completed, would fundamentally change what and how the City of Black Diamond would evolve into — the first set of plans being the Growth Management Act (GMA) Comprehensive Plan, which included the concept of Master Planned Developments (MPDs). In 2008 were purchased for the first MPD. In 2010 the first MPDs applications were filed with the City of Black Diamond.


Legal action against first MPDs

From 2010 through 2018 legal battles were fought delaying development of the first MPDs: * In 2010 Toward Responsible Development filed a land use petition (LUPA) against the first two MPDs. * In 2012 King County Superior Court denied the LUPA Toward Responsible Development filed with the Court of Appeals. * In 2014 appeals Court Commissioner Masako Kanazawa ordered Toward Responsible Development to pay a total of $162,798, for attorney fees and costs, to YarrowBay and the City of Black Diamond. * In 2016 Oakpointe (formerly YarrowBay) sued three City of Black Diamond Council members who opposed the MPDs. * In 2017 Black Diamond council files suit against the mayor. * In 2018 Black Diamond / Oakpointe settle lawsuit.


First MPDs

The first two MPDs comprised 6,050 single and multi-family residences, 1.1 million square feet of commercial/office/
retail Retail is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is the sale to business or institutional customers. A retailer purchases goods in large quantities from manufacturers, directly or through a wholes ...
space and were estimated to 15,000 new residents to the City of Black Diamond; which would increase the population of the city by 3.6 times its size at the time (2010 population estimate of 4,151). In December 2013 development started on the first MPD; known as Ten Trails. In 2019 the first family moves into Ten Trails. In 2021, with a 21% growth rate, Black Diamond was the fastest growing small city in King County. In March 2022, 845 households were occupied in Ten Trails (722 residential homes, 76 apartment units, and 47 rental homes). Using King County's 2020 Person's per household rate of 2.43, 845 households being occupied in Ten Trails in March 2022, the estimated population of Black Diamond in 2022 being 6,336, concludes the estimated population living in Ten Trails in March 2022 being 2,053 (845 * 2.43); which roughly equates to 79% ( 2,053 / 6,336) of the population of Black Diamond living in the first MPD (Ten Trails) during March 2022.


Geography

According to the
United States Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau, officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the Federal statistical system, U.S. federal statistical system, responsible for producing data about the American people and American economy, econ ...
, the city has a total area of , of which is land and is water. There are several lakes in and just outside city limits, including Horseshoe Lake.


Demographics

As of the 2022
American Community Survey The American Community Survey (ACS) is an annual demographics survey program conducted by the United States Census Bureau. It regularly gathers information previously contained only in the long form of the United States census, decennial census ...
, there are 2,072 estimated households in Black Diamond with an average of 2.56 persons per household. The city has a median household income of $134,076 and the per capita income was $62,896. Approximately 0.9% of the city's population lives at or below the poverty line. Black Diamond has an estimated 73.0% employment rate, with 52.5% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 98.5% holding a high school diploma. The top five reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were English (90.9%), Spanish (3.8%), Indo-European (1.9%), Asian and Pacific Islander (3.4%), and Other (0.0%). The median age in the city was 40.0 years.


2020 census

As of the 2020 census, there were 4,697 people, 1,729 households, and 1,345 families residing in the city. The
population density Population density (in agriculture: Standing stock (disambiguation), standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geog ...
was . There were 1,841 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 79.39%
White White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) reflect and scatter all the visible wa ...
, 0.75%
African American African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from an ...
, 0.83% Native American, 2.83% Asian, 0.36%
Pacific Islander Pacific Islanders, Pasifika, Pasefika, Pacificans, or rarely Pacificers are the peoples of the list of islands in the Pacific Ocean, Pacific Islands. As an ethnic group, ethnic/race (human categorization), racial term, it is used to describe th ...
, 5.94% from some other races and 9.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 10.58% of the population. 24.4% of residents were under the age of 18, 7.0% were under 5 years of age, and 12.9% were 65 and older. The gender makeup of the city was 45.4% female.


2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 4,151 people, 1,546 households, and 1,157 families living in the city. The population density was . There were 1,685 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 91.95%
White White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) reflect and scatter all the visible wa ...
, 1.16%
African American African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from an ...
, 0.75% Native American, 1.20% Asian, 0.29%
Pacific Islander Pacific Islanders, Pasifika, Pasefika, Pacificans, or rarely Pacificers are the peoples of the list of islands in the Pacific Ocean, Pacific Islands. As an ethnic group, ethnic/race (human categorization), racial term, it is used to describe th ...
, 1.30% from some other races and 3.35% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 4.65% of the population. There were 1,546 households, of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.0% were
married couples Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognised union between people called spouses. It establishes rights and obligations between them, as well as between them and their children (if any), and b ...
living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.2% were non-families. 17.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.05. The median age in the city was 40.4 years. 25.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.7% were from 25 to 44; 32.1% were from 45 to 64; and 10% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.8% male and 50.2% female.


2000 census

As of the 2000 census, there were 3,970 people, 1,456 households, and 1,131 families living in the city. The
population density Population density (in agriculture: Standing stock (disambiguation), standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geog ...
was . There were 1,538 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 93.43%
White White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) reflect and scatter all the visible wa ...
, 0.08%
African American African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from an ...
, 1.56% Native American, 1.01% Asian, 0.05%
Pacific Islander Pacific Islanders, Pasifika, Pasefika, Pacificans, or rarely Pacificers are the peoples of the list of islands in the Pacific Ocean, Pacific Islands. As an ethnic group, ethnic/race (human categorization), racial term, it is used to describe th ...
, 0.88% from some other races and 3.00% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 2.70% of the population. The top four reported ancestries were 16.8% were of German, 13.2% Irish, 8.5% English and 7.4% Norwegian. There were 1,456 households, out of which 41.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.2% were
married couples Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognised union between people called spouses. It establishes rights and obligations between them, as well as between them and their children (if any), and b ...
living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.3% were non-families. 17.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.08. In the city the population was spread out, with 28.5% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 34.1% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $67,092, and the median income for a family was $72,981. Males had a median income of $51,792 versus $31,932 for females. The
per capita income Per capita income (PCI) or average income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. In many countries, per capita income is determined using regular population surveys, such ...
for the city was $26,936. About 0.8% of families and 0.9% of the population were below the
poverty line The poverty threshold, poverty limit, poverty line, or breadline is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. The poverty line is usually calculated by estimating the total cost of one year's worth of necessities for ...
, including 0.9% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.


City landmarks

The City of Black Diamond has designated the following landmarks:


Government and politics

Black Diamond remains one of the few right-leaning or Republican areas in King County. While
Donald Trump Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who is the 47th president of the United States. A member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, he served as the 45 ...
carried the city twice, he did so both times by small margins.


Notable people

The town was home to folk musician Brandi Carlile. The minor-league baseball star Edo Vanni was born at Black Diamond in 1918.


References


External links


City of Black Diamond – official website

History of Black Diamond
at HistoryLink {{authority control Cities in King County, Washington Mining communities in Washington (state) 1959 establishments in Washington (state) Company towns in Washington (state) Cities in Washington (state)