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Black-box testing is a method of
Specific knowledge of the application's code, internal structure and programming knowledge in general is not required. The tester is aware of ''what'' the software is supposed to do but is not aware of ''how'' it does it. For instance, the tester is aware that a particular input returns a certain, invariable output but is not aware of ''how'' the software produces the output in the first place.
''Standard for Software Component Testing''
Working Draft 3.4, 27. April 2001. {{DEFAULTSORT:Black-Box Testing Software testing Hardware testing
software testing
Software testing is the act of examining the artifacts and the behavior of the software under test by validation and verification. Software testing can also provide an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to apprecia ...
that examines the functionality of an application without peering into its internal structures or workings. This method of test can be applied virtually to every level of software testing: unit
Unit may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* UNIT, a fictional military organization in the science fiction television series ''Doctor Who''
* Unit of action, a discrete piece of action (or beat) in a theatrical presentation
Music
* ''Unit'' (a ...
, integration
Integration may refer to:
Biology
* Multisensory integration
* Path integration
* Pre-integration complex, viral genetic material used to insert a viral genome into a host genome
*DNA integration, by means of site-specific recombinase technolo ...
, system and acceptance
Acceptance in human psychology is a person's assent to the reality of a situation, recognizing a process or condition (often a negative or uncomfortable situation) without attempting to change it or protest it. The concept is close in meaning to ...
. It is sometimes referred to as specification-based testing.
Test procedures
Specific knowledge of the application's code, internal structure and programming knowledge in general is not required. The tester is aware of ''what'' the software is supposed to do but is not aware of ''how'' it does it. For instance, the tester is aware that a particular input returns a certain, invariable output but is not aware of ''how'' the software produces the output in the first place.
Test cases
Test cases are built around specifications and requirements, i.e., what the application is supposed to do. Test cases are generally derived from external descriptions of the software, including specifications, requirements and design parameters. Although the tests used are primarily ''functional'' in nature, ''non-functional'' tests may also be used. The test designer selects both valid and invalid inputs and determines the correct output, often with the help of a test oracle or a previous result that is known to be good, without any knowledge of the test object's internal structure.Test design techniques
Typical black-box test design techniques include: *Decision table
Decision tables are a concise visual representation for specifying which actions to perform depending on given conditions. They are algorithms whose output is a set of actions. The information expressed in decision tables could also be represente ...
testing
* All-pairs testing
* Equivalence partitioning
* Boundary value analysis
Boundary-value analysis is a software testing technique in which tests are designed to include representatives of boundary values in a range. The idea comes from the boundary. Given that we have a set of test vectors to test the system, a topology ...
* Cause–effect graph
* Error guessing
In software testing, error guessing is a test method in which test cases used to find bugs in programs are established based on experience in prior testing.Bernard Homès, ''Fundamentals of Software Testing'' (2013), sec. 4.5.3. The scope of test ...
* State transition testing
* Use case
In software and systems engineering, the phrase use case is a polyseme with two senses:
# A usage scenario for a piece of software; often used in the plural to suggest situations where a piece of software may be useful.
# A potential scenari ...
testing
* User story
In software development and product management, a user story is an informal, natural language description of features of a software system. They are written from the perspective of an end user or user of a system, and may be recorded on index ...
testing
* Domain analysis
* Syntax testing
* Combining technique
Hacking
Inpenetration test
A penetration test, colloquially known as a pen test or ethical hacking, is an authorized simulated cyberattack on a computer system, performed to evaluate the security of the system; this is not to be confused with a vulnerability assessment. ...
ing, black-box testing refers to a method where an ethical hacker
A white hat (or a white-hat hacker, a whitehat) is an ethical security hacker. Ethical hacking is a term meant to imply a broader category than just penetration testing. Under the owner's consent, white-hat hackers aim to identify any vulnerabili ...
has no knowledge of the system being attacked. The goal of a black-box penetration test is to simulate an external hacking or cyber warfare attack.
See also
* ABX test *Acceptance testing
In engineering and its various subdisciplines, acceptance testing is a test conducted to determine if the requirements of a specification or contract are met. It may involve chemical tests, physical tests, or performance tests.
In systems e ...
* Blind experiment
In a blind or blinded experiment, information which may influence the participants of the experiment is withheld until after the experiment is complete. Good blinding can reduce or eliminate experimental biases that arise from a participants' expec ...
* Boundary testing
An edge case is a problem or situation that occurs only at an extreme (maximum or minimum) operating parameter. For example, a stereo speaker might noticeably distort audio when played at maximum volume, even in the absence of any other extreme ...
* Fuzz testing
Fuzz may refer to:
* ''Fuzz'' (film), a 1972 American comedy
* '' Fuzz: When Nature Breaks the Law'', a nonfiction book by Mary Roach
* The fuzz, a slang term for police officers
Music
* Fuzz (electric guitar), distortion effects to create "wa ...
* Gray box testing
* Metasploit Project
* Sanity testing
A sanity check or sanity test is a basic test to quickly evaluate whether a claim or the result of a calculation can possibly be true. It is a simple check to see if the produced material is rational (that the material's creator was thinking ration ...
* Smoke testing
* Software performance testing
In software quality assurance, performance testing is in general a testing practice performed to determine how a system performs in terms of responsiveness and stability under a particular workload. It can also serve to investigate, measure, va ...
* Software testing
Software testing is the act of examining the artifacts and the behavior of the software under test by validation and verification. Software testing can also provide an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to apprecia ...
* Stress testing
Stress testing (sometimes called torture testing) is a form of deliberately intense or thorough testing used to determine the stability of a given system, critical infrastructure or entity. It involves testing beyond normal operational capacity, ...
* Test automation
* Unit testing
In computer programming, unit testing is a software testing method by which individual units of source code—sets of one or more computer program modules together with associated control data, usage procedures, and operating procedures&m ...
* Web application security scanner
* White hat hacker
* White-box testing
References
External links
*BCS SIGIST (British Computer Society Specialist Interest Group in Software Testing)''Standard for Software Component Testing''
Working Draft 3.4, 27. April 2001. {{DEFAULTSORT:Black-Box Testing Software testing Hardware testing