Bilohorivka, Luhansk Oblast
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Bilohorivka (, ; ) is a
rural settlement The definition of a rural settlement depends on the country, in some countries, a rural settlement is any settlement in the areas defined as rural by a governmental office, e.g., by the national census bureau. This may include even rural towns. ...
in
Sievierodonetsk Raion Sievierodonetsk Raion (; ) or Siverskodonetsk Raion () is a Raions of Ukraine, raion (district) of Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. It was created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. The center of the raion is the c ...
,
Luhansk Oblast Luhansk Oblast (; ), also referred to as Luhanshchyna (), is the easternmost Administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (province) of Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Luhansk. The oblast was established in 1938 and bore the n ...
, eastern
Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
. It is located in Lysychansk urban hromada, one of the
hromada In Ukraine, a hromada () is the main type of municipality and the third level Administrative divisions of Ukraine, local self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine, Government of Uk ...
s of Ukraine. It is located approximately northwest from the centre of
Luhansk Luhansk (, ; , ), also known as Lugansk (, ; , ), is a city in the Donbas in eastern Ukraine. As of 2022, the population was estimated to be making Luhansk the Cities in Ukraine, 12th-largest city in Ukraine. Luhansk served as the administra ...
and west-south-west from
Sievierodonetsk Sievierodonetsk or Severodonetsk, officially since 2024 Siverskodonetsk, is a city in Luhansk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. It is located to the northeast of the left bank of the Donets river and approximately to the northwest from the administrati ...
. In 2024 it was estimated that the village has no permanent residents left. Prior to its capture by Russian forces in February 2025, Bilohorivka was one of the few settlements in Luhansk Oblast which was still under the control of Ukrainian forces during the
Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...
.


History


Founding and early history

Bilohorivka was founded in 1720, making it one of the oldest settlements in the
Luhansk Oblast Luhansk Oblast (; ), also referred to as Luhanshchyna (), is the easternmost Administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (province) of Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Luhansk. The oblast was established in 1938 and bore the n ...
. The founders of the village were migrants from other governorates of the
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...
, particularly from Belgorodsky Uyezd of
Kursk Governorate Kursk Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit ('' guberniya'') of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1796 to 1928 with its capital in Kursk. Administrative divisions As of 1914, Kursk Governorate included 15 uyezds. * Belgorods ...
. This is where the original name of the village, ''Belhorodka'' (), came from. A documented sixty people in Bilohorivka (including the surrounding villages in ) died as a result of the
Holodomor The Holodomor, also known as the Ukrainian Famine, was a mass famine in Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. The Holodomor was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1930–193 ...
, a famine in
Soviet Ukraine The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkrSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine or just Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991. Under the Soviet one-party m ...
that lasted from 1932 to 1933.


Industrial development

Surveying work was done in 1938–1938 to determine if there were useful mineral reserves in the area. Eventually,
chalk Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock. It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and originally formed deep under the sea by the compression of microscopic plankton that had settled to the sea floor. Ch ...
deposits were discovered near Bilohorivka in 1946. The mining of that resource would become the basis of the village's economy, and construction of processing plants began. Starting in 1952, mining began, and the deposits became the main source of raw materials for the . In 1954, a cable car track was set up to connect the quarry and the soda plant, at a length of . Bilohorivka received
urban-type settlement Urban-type settlement, abbreviated: ; , abbreviated: ; ; ; ; . is an official designation for lesser urbanized settlements, used in several Central and Eastern Europe, Central and Eastern European countries. The term was primarily used in the So ...
status in 1958. In 2010, after the shutdown of the Lysychansk Soda Plant, work in the Bilohorivka quarry stopped. The cable car system was dismantled in 2013. In June 2020, Bilohorivka settlement council - which was then part of
Popasna Raion Popasna Raion (; ) was a raion (district) in Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine until its abolition in 2020. The administrative center was the town of Popasna. The last estimate of the raion population was History 20th century On 7 March 1923, the raio ...
- was assigned to Lysychansk urban hromada. In July 2020, Bilohorivka, along with the rest of Lysychansk urban hromada, was transferred to
Sievierodonetsk Raion Sievierodonetsk Raion (; ) or Siverskodonetsk Raion () is a Raions of Ukraine, raion (district) of Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. It was created in July 2020 as part of the reform of administrative divisions of Ukraine. The center of the raion is the c ...
.


Russian invasion of Ukraine

According to the Governor of Luhansk Oblast
Serhiy Haidai Serhiy Volodymyrovych Haidai (; born 6 November 1975) is a Ukraine, Ukrainian entrepreneur and politician. He was the Governor of Luhansk Oblast, head of the Luhansk Regional Military–Civil Administration from 25 October 2019 to 15 March 202 ...
, a school in Bilohorivka was bombed by a
Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...
airstrike An airstrike, air strike, or air raid is an offensive operation carried out by aircraft. Air strikes are delivered from aircraft such as blimps, balloons, fighter aircraft, attack aircraft, bombers, attack helicopters, and drones. The official d ...
on 7 May 2022, during the
Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...
, where up to 60 people died, although only 2 were confirmed. On 12 May 2022, a Russian
battalion tactical group A battalion tactical group (, ''batal'onnaya takticheskaya gruppa''), abbreviated as BTG, is a Combined arms, combined-arms manoeuvre unit deployed by the Russian Army that is kept at a high level of readiness. A BTG typically comprises a battali ...
attempted to establish pontoon bridges to cross the
Siverskyi Donets The Seversky Donets () or Siverskyi Donets (), usually simply called the Donets (), is a river on the south of the East European Plain. It originates in the Central Russian Upland, north of Belgorod, flows south-east through Ukraine (Kharkiv, D ...
River. They were destroyed by Ukrainian forces, with great losses of life and equipment in the ensuing
Battle of the Siverskyi Donets A series of military engagements took place in May 2022, most notably from 5 to 13 May, near Lyman, Ukraine, Lyman and Sievierodonetsk, on the eastern Ukraine offensive, eastern front of the Russia-Ukraine war. Russian Armed Forces, Russian f ...
. At the end of the
battle of Lysychansk The battle of Lysychansk was a military engagement between Russia and Ukraine in the wider Battle of Donbas (2022), battle of Donbas of the eastern Ukraine campaign during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. By May 2022, Lysychansk and its twin ci ...
, Russia claimed to have captured Bilohorivka along with the rest of Luhansk Oblast. On 19 September 2022, it was confirmed that Ukrainian forces had regained full control over the settlement. On 20 September 2022,
Serhii Haidai Serhiy Volodymyrovych Haidai (; born 6 November 1975) is a Ukrainian entrepreneur and politician. He was the head of the Luhansk Regional Military–Civil Administration from 25 October 2019 to 15 March 2023. Since March 15, 2024, Haidai is ...
, the head of the Luhansk Regional Military Administration, said that "Bilohorivka was Ukraine’s last stronghold in Luhansk Oblast. It was the area of constant heavy fighting. Our defenders have squeezed the invaders out and are in full control of the town. However, it is still under artillery fire. The town no longer exists because the invaders razed it to the ground." On 20 May 2024, Russian defense ministry claimed that it had taken control of the settlement as well as taken up better positions in the area; Ukraine's General Staff, in its late evening report on Facebook, said fighting was going on and around Bilohorivka. Following continued fighting, Russian forces regained full control over Bilohorivka as well as the quarry to the south of the settlement on 23 February 2025. The Ukrainian 81st Airmobile Brigade press officer Volodymyr Holiahin claimed four days later that Bilohorivka remained under Ukrainian control.


Economy

The economy of Bilohorivka has traditionally centered around the mining and processing of chalk. There are three mines. The chalk deposits of Bilohorivka are some of the largest in the industrial
Donbas The Donbas (, ; ) or Donbass ( ) is a historical, cultural, and economic region in eastern Ukraine. The majority of the Donbas is occupied by Russia as a result of the Russo-Ukrainian War. The word ''Donbas'' is a portmanteau formed fr ...
region.


Education

As of the 1970s, Bilohorivka had a
secondary school A secondary school, high school, or senior school, is an institution that provides secondary education. Some secondary schools provide both ''lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper secondary education'' (ages 14 to 18), i.e., b ...
, a
vocational school A vocational school (alternatively known as a trade school, or technical school), is a type of educational institution, which, depending on the country, may refer to either secondary education#List of tech ed skills, secondary or post-secondar ...
, and a library.


Demographics

As of the
2001 Ukrainian census The 2001 Ukrainian census is to date the only census of the population of independent Ukraine. It was conducted by the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine on 5 December 2001, twelve years after the last Soviet Union census in 1989.Ukrainians Ukrainians (, ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. Their native tongue is Ukrainian language, Ukrainian, and the majority adhere to Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodoxy, forming the List of contemporary eth ...
, and 38% said they were
Russians Russians ( ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. Their mother tongue is Russian language, Russian, the most spoken Slavic languages, Slavic language. The majority of Russians adhere to Eastern Orthodox Church ...
. There were also small minorities of
Belarusians Belarusians ( ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus. They natively speak Belarusian language, Belarusian, an East Slavic language. More than 9 million people proclaim Belarusian ethnicity worldwide. Nearly 7.99&n ...
,
Tatars Tatars ( )Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary
are a group of Turkic peoples across Eas ...
,
Greeks Greeks or Hellenes (; , ) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Greek Cypriots, Cyprus, Greeks in Albania, southern Albania, Greeks in Turkey#History, Anatolia, parts of Greeks in Italy, Italy and Egyptian Greeks, Egypt, and to a l ...
, and
Poles Pole or poles may refer to: People *Poles (people), another term for Polish people, from the country of Poland * Pole (surname), including a list of people with the name * Pole (musician) (Stefan Betke, born 1967), German electronic music artist ...
. The population has declined steadily over the past decades — from 1,815 in 1968 to 808 in 2022.


Infrastructure

Bilohorivka has a
hospital A hospital is a healthcare institution providing patient treatment with specialized Medical Science, health science and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically ...
, which had 25 beds as of the 1970s. It has bus connections to
Lysychansk Lysychansk ( , ; , ; , ) is a city in Sievierodonetsk Raion, Luhansk Oblast, eastern Ukraine. It is located on the high right bank of the Donets River, approximately from the administrative center of the oblast, Luhansk. It faces Sievierodonet ...
and
Siversk Siversk (, ; ), formerly known as Yama () until 1973, is a city in Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. Its economy has traditionally been based around the mining and processing of dolomite. In January 2022, it had an estimated population o ...
.


References

{{Luhansk Oblast Rural settlements in Sievierodonetsk Raion