Be'erot Yitzhak
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Be'erot Yitzhak () is a religious
kibbutz A kibbutz ( / , ; : kibbutzim / ) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1910, was Degania Alef, Degania. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economi ...
in central
Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...
. Located near
Yehud Yehud may refer to: * Yehud, the Levantine province of the Neo-Babylonian Empire * Yehud Medinata, the Levantine province of the Achaemenid Persian Empire * Yehud, the modern-day Israeli city See also *Yahud (disambiguation) *Yehudi (disambiguatio ...
, it falls under the jurisdiction of
Hevel Modi'in Regional Council Hevel Modi'in Regional Council () is a regional council (Israel), regional council located partly in the Shephelah region and partly in the Central Coastal Plain region of the Central District (Israel), Central District of Israel. It was founded i ...
. In it had a population of . Kibbutz Be'erot Yitzhak was originally located in the
Negev The Negev ( ; ) or Naqab (), is a desert and semidesert region of southern Israel. The region's largest city and administrative capital is Beersheba (pop. ), in the north. At its southern end is the Gulf of Aqaba and the resort town, resort city ...
, near Gaza. In 1952, after the kibbutz was destroyed and abandoned in the Battle of Be'erot Yitzhak, it was re-established in its current location south of Petah Tivka.


Etymology

The name is a reference to the patriarch
Isaac Isaac ( ; ; ; ; ; ) is one of the three patriarchs (Bible), patriarchs of the Israelites and an important figure in the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and the Baháʼí Faith. Isaac first appears in the Torah, in wh ...
's search for water in this area. It also refers to rabbi Yitzhak Nissenbaum, one of the leaders of the Zionist Federation in Poland and a founder of the Mizrachi movement, who was murdered in the
Warsaw Ghetto The Warsaw Ghetto (, officially , ; ) was the largest of the Nazi ghettos during World War II and the Holocaust. It was established in November 1940 by the Nazi Germany, German authorities within the new General Government territory of Occupat ...
.


History


Ottoman era

During the 18th and 19th centuries, the area was part of the Nahiyeh (sub-district) of
Lod Lod (, ), also known as Lydda () and Lidd (, or ), is a city southeast of Tel Aviv and northwest of Jerusalem in the Central District of Israel. It is situated between the lower Shephelah on the east and the coastal plain on the west. The ci ...
, which encompassed the area of the present-day city of
Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut ( ''Mōdīʿīn-Makkabbīm-Rēʿūt'') is a city located in central Israel, about southeast of Tel Aviv and west of Jerusalem, and is connected to those two cities via Highway 443. In the population was . The populati ...
in the south to the present-day city of El'ad in the north, and from the foothills in the east, through the Lod Valley to the outskirts of
Jaffa Jaffa (, ; , ), also called Japho, Joppa or Joppe in English, is an ancient Levantine Sea, Levantine port city which is part of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, located in its southern part. The city sits atop a naturally elevated outcrop on ...
in the west. This area was home to thousands of inhabitants in about 20 villages surrounded by tens of thousands of hectares of prime agricultural land.


British Mandate era

The kibbutz was first established in 1943 near Gaza on the site of what is today
Kibbutz A kibbutz ( / , ; : kibbutzim / ) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. The first kibbutz, established in 1910, was Degania Alef, Degania. Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economi ...
Alumim and Kibbutz Nahal Oz. The settlers were
immigrants Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not usual residents or where they do not possess nationality in order to settle as permanent residents. Commuters, tourists, and other short- ...
from Czechoslovakia and Germany, members of the
HaPoel HaMizrachi File:Pre-State_Zionist_Workers'_Parties_chart.png, chart of zionist workers parties, 360px, right rect 167 83 445 250 Hapoel Hatzair rect 450 88 717 265 Non Partisans rect 721 86 995 243 Poalei Zion rect 152 316 373 502 HaPoel HaMizrachi rec ...
movement. By 1947 it had a population of 150. During the
1948 Arab–Israeli War The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, also known as the First Arab–Israeli War, followed the 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine, civil war in Mandatory Palestine as the second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war. The civil war becam ...
the kibbutz took serious losses and was badly damaged by the
Egyptian Army The Egyptian Army (), officially the Egyptian Ground Forces (), is the land warfare branch (and largest service branch) of the Egyptian Armed Forces. Until the declaration of the Republic and the abolishment of the monarchy on 18 June 1953, it w ...
in the Battle of Be'erot Yitzhak, which included aerial bombardment. According to a report by the
Jewish National Fund The Jewish National Fund (JNF; , ''Keren Kayemet LeYisrael''; previously , ''Ha Fund HaLeumi'') is a non-profit organizationProfessor Alon Tal, The Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion ...
, the Egyptians were driven out and suffered hundreds of losses.


State of Israel

In 1949 an attempt was made to re-establish the collective on the remains of Wilhema. The kibbutz moved to its present site in central Israel in 1952.


Notable people

* Judith Weinstock (born 1940), author * Meir Shamir (born 1951), businessman * Shaul Gutman (born 1945), academic and former politician


References


External links


Official website
{{Authority control Czech-Jewish culture in Israel German-Jewish culture in Israel Slovak-Jewish culture in Israel Kibbutzim Religious Kibbutz Movement Populated places established in 1943 Populated places established in 1952 Jewish villages in Mandatory Palestine Jewish villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War Populated places in Central District (Israel) 1943 establishments in Mandatory Palestine 1952 establishments in Israel