Bartolomeo D’Avanzo (3 July 1811 – 20 October 1884) was an
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, a Romance ethnic group related to or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance languag ...
Catholic
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
Cardinal
Cardinal or The Cardinal most commonly refers to
* Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds
**''Cardinalis'', genus of three species in the family Cardinalidae
***Northern cardinal, ''Cardinalis cardinalis'', the common cardinal of ...
of the 19th century.
Early life
D'Avanzo was born 3 July 1811 in
Avella
Avella is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Avellino, Campania, southern Italy. It is renowned for the cultivation of hazelnuts, whose specific name ''(Corylus avellana)'' derives precisely from this territory.
Etymology
Could be relat ...
. He was ordained as a priest on 20 September 1834 and was placed in the service of the
Diocese of Nola
The Diocese of Nola () is a Latin Church, Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy, suffragan diocese, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Naples.Bishop of Castellaneta and served the diocese for 9 years until, in 1860, anticlericalists tried to assassinate him by firing four bullets into his carriage. The first bullet struck the inside of the carriage, the second struck him in the right wrist and the third under his left arm. The fourth bullet, which would likely have been fatal, hit D'Avanzo's
pectoral cross
A pectoral cross or pectorale (from the Latin ''pectoralis'', "of the chest") is a Christian cross, cross that is worn on the chest, usually suspended from the neck by a cord or Link chain, chain. In ancient history and the Middle Ages, pector ...
and he survived the attempt. Fearing further attack he transferred to the Diocese of Teano-Calvi where he served for a further 16 years. He attended the
First Vatican Council
The First Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, commonly known as the First Vatican Council or Vatican I, was the 20th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church, held three centuries after the preceding Council of Trent which was adjourned in 156 ...
(1869–1870).
Cardinalate
In 1876 he was elevated to Cardinal by
Pope Pius IX
Pope Pius IX (; born Giovanni Maria Battista Pietro Pellegrino Isidoro Mastai-Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878. His reign of nearly 32 years is the longest verified of any pope in hist ...
Pope Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII (; born Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci; 2March 181020July 1903) was head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 until his death in July 1903. He had the fourth-longest reign of any pope, behind those of Peter the Ap ...
. Throughout his career he was a strong advocate against
Freemasonry
Freemasonry (sometimes spelled Free-Masonry) consists of fraternal groups that trace their origins to the medieval guilds of stonemasons. Freemasonry is the oldest secular fraternity in the world and among the oldest still-existing organizati ...
and led a number of Church campaigns against the society.
He died on 10 October 1884 in
Avella
Avella is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Avellino, Campania, southern Italy. It is renowned for the cultivation of hazelnuts, whose specific name ''(Corylus avellana)'' derives precisely from this territory.
Etymology
Could be relat ...