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A barretina (; plural: ''barretines'', diminutive of ''barret'' "cap") is a traditional
Description and history of the barretina
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Barretina.com, all you need to know about barretines and Catalan culture
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{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723113125/http://www.eivissaweb.net/sabodega/cat/imatges.html , date=2011-07-23 . Catalan folklore Catalan symbols Hats Catalan words and phrases Spanish clothing Italian clothing Portuguese clothing
A barretina (; plural: ''barretines'', diminutive of ''barret'' "cap") is a traditional hat
A hat is a head covering which is worn for various reasons, including protection against weather conditions, ceremonial reasons such as university graduation, religious reasons, safety, or as a fashion accessory. Hats which incorporate mech ...
that was frequently worn by men in parts of the Christian culture
Christian culture generally includes all the cultural practices which have developed around the religion of Christianity. There are variations in the application of Christian beliefs in different cultures and traditions.
Christian culture has i ...
s of the Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ...
such as Catalonia
Catalonia (; ca, Catalunya ; Aranese Occitan: ''Catalonha'' ; es, Cataluña ) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a '' nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy.
Most of the territory (except the Val d'Aran) lies on the no ...
, the Valencian Community
The Valencian Community ( ca-valencia, Comunitat Valenciana, es, Comunidad Valenciana) is an Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain. It is the fourth most populous Spanish Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous comm ...
, the Balearic Islands, Provence
Provence (, , , , ; oc, Provença or ''Prouvènço'' , ) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the France–Italy border, Italian border ...
, Corsica, Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
, Malta
Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...
, Sardinia
Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label= Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label= Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, af ...
, part of Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...
, part of the Balkans
The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...
and parts of Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, In recognized minority languages of Portugal:
:* mwl, República Pertuesa is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Macaronesian ...
.
History
In Catalonia and Ibiza, men wore barretinas until the 19th century, especially in rural areas. Even in the 1940s and the 1950s, children in rural areas still commonly wore it. It took the form of a bag, made ofwool
Wool is the textile fibre obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits, and camelids. The term may also refer to inorganic materials, such as mineral wool and glass wool, that have properties similar to animal wool.
...
, usually red, or sometimes purple.
Today, the ''barretina'' is no longer commonly worn in everyday life, but is still used in traditional dances, or as a symbol of Catalan identity. A watercolor image dated 1885 of a seller of newspapers (private collection) is perhaps one of the most iconic Catalan images, as it portrays a weathered man standing resolute, new independent newspapers falling from his portable wooden box, a look of tolerance and endurance in his face, while all the while wearing his barretina proudly.
Painter Salvador Dalí
Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marquess of Dalí of Púbol (; ; ; 11 May 190423 January 1989) was a Spanish surrealist artist renowned for his technical skill, precise draftsmanship, and the striking and bizarre images in ...
sometimes wore the ''barretina'' in the 20th century. Some Catalan folkloric characters also wear a barretina, as: the Catalan Christmas figurine ''caganer
A Caganer () is a figurine depicted in the act of defecation appearing in nativity scenes in Catalonia and neighbouring areas with Catalan culture such as Andorra, Valencia, Balearic Islands, and Northern Catalonia (in southern France). It is ...
'', the Christmas log or '' tió'', as well as the fictional characters Patufet
Patufet (, also known as ''Garbancito'' in Spanish) is the main character of one of the most famous folktales of Catalan tradition.
It is related to the stories of Tom Thumb, Little Thumb or Thumbling (Catalan: Polzet; Spanish: ''Pulgarcito' ...
, first drawn on the En Patufet
''En Patufet'' was an illustrated children's magazine, written in Catalan, published in Barcelona ( Spain), between 1904 and 1938. Later, between 1968 and 1973, it was resumed under the name ''Patufet''. It had a great popularity, to the point t ...
magazine by , and "The Catalan" drawn by .Lluís Solà i Dachs, ''«Cu-cut! Setmanari de gresca ab ninots (1902-1912)».'' Ed. Bruguera. Barcelona, 1967
In popular culture
Moments before the 2010 FIFA World Cup Final betweenSpain
, image_flag = Bandera de España.svg
, image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg
, national_motto = '' Plus ultra'' ( Latin)(English: "Further Beyond")
, national_anthem = (English: "Royal March")
, ...
and the Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
, pitch invader Jimmy Jump rushed onto the field and attempted to place a barretina on the World Cup trophy before being apprehended by several security guards.
See also
*Tuque
A knit cap is a piece of knitted headwear designed to provide warmth in cold weather. It usually has a simple tapered shape, although more elaborate variants exist. Historically made of wool, it is now often made of synthetic fibers.
Found ...
*Revolt of the Barretines
The Revolt of the Barretines ( ca, Revolta dels Barretines; ) also known as the Revolt of the Gorretes, was a Catalonia, Catalan rebellion fought against the government of Charles II of Spain, King Charles II of Spain. The most salient complaint w ...
* Phrygian cap
*Beret
A beret ( or ; ; eu, txapela, ) is a soft, round, flat-crowned cap, usually of woven, hand-knitted wool, crocheted cotton, wool felt, or acrylic fibre.
Mass production of berets began in 19th century France and Spain, and the beret remai ...
References
External links
*Description and history of the barretina
*
*
Barretina.com, all you need to know about barretines and Catalan culture
*
{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723113125/http://www.eivissaweb.net/sabodega/cat/imatges.html , date=2011-07-23 . Catalan folklore Catalan symbols Hats Catalan words and phrases Spanish clothing Italian clothing Portuguese clothing