Bardakçı, Midyat
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Bardakçı (; ; ) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of
Midyat Midyat (, , , ) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,241 km2, and its population is 120,069 (2022). In the modern era, the town is populated by Kurds, Mhallami Arabs and Assyrians. The old Estel neighborho ...
,
Mardin Province Mardin Province (; ; ; ) is a province and metropolitan municipality in Turkey. Its area is 8,780 km2, and its population is 870,374 (2022). The largest city in the province is Kızıltepe, while the capital Mardin is the second largest ci ...
in
Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
. The village is populated by
Syriacs Syriac may refer to: * Suret, a Neo-Aramaic language * Syriac alphabet, a writing system primarily used to write the Syriac language ** Syriac (Unicode block) ** Syriac Supplement * Syriac Christianity, a branch of Eastern Christianity * Syriac lan ...
and by
Kurds Kurds (), or the Kurdish people, are an Iranian peoples, Iranic ethnic group from West Asia. They are indigenous to Kurdistan, which is a geographic region spanning southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northeastern Syri ...
of the Arnas tribe and had a population of 164 in 2021. It is located in the historic region of
Tur Abdin Tur Abdin (; ; ; or ) is a hilly region situated in southeast Turkey, including the eastern half of the Mardin Province, and Şırnak Province west of the Tigris, on the Syria–Turkey border, border with Syria and famed since Late Antiquity for ...
. In the village, there is a
Syriac Orthodox The Syriac Orthodox Church (), also informally known as the Jacobite Church, is an Oriental Orthodox denomination that originates from the Church of Antioch. The church currently has around 4-5 million followers. The church upholds the Mia ...
church of Mar Ephraim Malphono.


History

In 1454 ( AG 1765), men from Bāti (today called Bardakçı) were suffocated to death by smoke by Turks of the clan of Hasan Beg, as per the account of the priest Addai of Basibrina in appended to the ''Chronography'' of
Bar Hebraeus Gregory Bar Hebraeus (, b. 1226 - d. 30 July 1286), known by his Syriac ancestral surname as Barebraya or Barebroyo, in Arabic sources by his kunya Abu'l-Faraj, and his Latinized name Abulpharagius in the Latin West, was a Maphrian (region ...
. The calligrapher Clemis (Clement) Dawud (David) of Bāti () was ordained as a bishop by
Masʿūd II of Ṭur ʿAbdin Masʿūd Zazoyo or Masʿūd of Zaz (c.1430/31 – 1509/1512) was a Syriac Orthodox author, hermit, monk and prelate. Life Masʿūd became the abbot of the Dayr al-Ṣalīb (Monastery of the Cross) around 1462/63. He left the monastery in 1480/81 ...
,
Patriarch of Tur Abdin From 1364 to 1816 the region of Tur Abdin constituted a distinct patriarchate within the Syriac Orthodox Church The Syriac Orthodox Church (), also informally known as the Jacobite Church, is an Oriental Orthodox Christian denomination, den ...
. Basil Behnam III, Syriac Orthodox
Maphrian The Maphrian ( or ''maphryono''), is the second-highest rank in the ecclesiastical hierarchy of the Syriac Orthodox Church, right below that of patriarch. The office of a maphrian is a maphrianate. There have been three maphrianates in the hist ...
of the East (), was from Bāti. The
emir Emir (; ' (), also Romanization of Arabic, transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic language, Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocratic, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person po ...
Bidayn destroyed the Church of Mar Ephraim Malphono at Bāti and killed a number of villagers in 1714. In the Syriac Orthodox patriarchal register of dues of 1870, it was recorded that the village had 68 households, who paid 179 dues, and was served by the Church of Morī Afrīm and two priests. In 1914, it was populated by 700 Syriacs, according to the list presented to the
Paris Peace Conference Agreements and declarations resulting from meetings in Paris include: Listed by name Paris Accords may refer to: * Paris Accords, the agreements reached at the end of the London and Paris Conferences in 1954 concerning the post-war status of Germ ...
by the Assyro-Chaldean delegation. There were 300 Syriac Orthodox families, 10
Syriac Catholic The Syriac Catholic Church is an Eastern Catholic ''sui iuris'' (self-governing) particular church that is in full communion with the Holy See and with the entirety of the Catholic Church. Originating in the Levant, it uses the West Syriac R ...
families, and 15 Kurdish families in 1915. The village was well known for its pottery. It was owned by Osman Ağa and the agha of the village was Saleh of the Dakshuri tribe. Amidst the
Sayfo The Sayfo (, ), also known as the Seyfo or the Assyrian genocide, was the mass murder and deportation of Assyrian people, Assyrian/Syriac Christians in southeastern Anatolia and Persia's Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan province by Ottoman Army ...
, twenty soldiers were sent on 4 July 1915 by the authorities at Midyat ostensibly to guard the village and used the Syriac Catholic Church of Yoldath Aloho as their headquarters and barracks. After six days had passed, the villagers occupied the church in an attempt to induce the soldiers to leave, only for the soldiers to call for reinforcements who then surrounded the village. Kurds led by Jamil and Nejim, sons of Osman Ağa, attacked Bāti and destroyed the outer walls of both the Syriac Orthodox and Syriac Catholic churches whilst 1500 Syriacs took refuge in the church itself, where they were besieged with little food for thirteen days. A few villagers escaped the church through a tunnel and fled to ‘Ayn-Wardo seeking help. The Turkish-Kurdish forces withdrew after sustaining losses in an attack from the rear by 150 partisans from ‘Ayn-Wardo, but the villagers could not be freed from the church and the partisans retreated after the Muslims had returned to surround the village. The Syriacs were forced to leave the church after exhausting their supplies of food and water and were seized and taken outside of Bāti and killed whilst about 70 people who fled through the tunnel were suffocated to death by smoke from a fire lit by the Muslims at the entrances. The survivors who had fled to ‘Ayn-Wardo returned to Bāti after seven years. Iyawannis Ephraim of Bāti was ordained as
metropolitan bishop In Christianity, Christian Christian denomination, churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan (alternative obsolete form: metropolite), is held by the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a Metropolis (reli ...
of Tur Abdin at
Homs Homs ( ; ), known in pre-Islamic times as Emesa ( ; ), is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Homs Governorate. It is Metres above sea level, above sea level and is located north of Damascus. Located on the Orontes River, Homs is ...
in
Syria Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, t ...
at the end of March 1952. The population of the village was 725 in 1960. There were 552
Turoyo Turoyo (), also referred to as Surayt (), or modern Suryoyo (), is a Central Neo-Aramaic language traditionally spoken by the Syriac Christian community in the Tur Abdin region located in southeastern Turkey and in northeastern Syria. Turoyo ...
-speaking Christians in 75 families in 1966. Persecution in the 1970s caused the Syriacs at Bāti to seek asylum in the
Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
,
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
, and
Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
. By 1987, there were no remaining Syriacs. The Syriac Catholic Church of Yoldath Aloho was converted into a mosque. The Bote Committee was established in 1999 by descendants of survivors of the Sayfo to restore the village's two churches. A mosque was constructed by the entrance to the village in 2005 by the Turkish state on land that had formerly belonged to Syriacs. There were no Syriacs at the village in 2013.


Demography

The following is a list of the number of Syriac Orthodox families that have inhabited Bāti per year stated. Unless otherwise stated, all figures are from the list provided in ''The Syrian Orthodox Christians in the Late Ottoman Period and Beyond: Crisis then Revival'', as noted in the bibliography below. *1915: 300 *1966: 75 *1978: 43 *1979: 30 *1981: 21 *1987: 0


References

Notes Citations


Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{Midyat District Neighbourhoods in Midyat District Kurdish settlements in Mardin Province Assyrian communities in Turkey Tur Abdin Places of the Sayfo