Badr al-Dīn Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Jamaʿah (1241–1333) was a
Shafi'i
The Shafi'i school or Shafi'i Madhhab () or Shafi'i is one of the four major schools of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), belonging to the Ahl al-Hadith tradition within Sunni Islam. It was founded by the Muslim scholar, jurist, and traditionis ...
jurist of
Mamluk Sultanate
The Mamluk Sultanate (), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries, with Cairo as its capital. It was ruled by a military caste of mamluks ...
(now
Egypt
Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
) and a member of the
Banu Jumah
The Banu Jumah () was an Arab clan of the Quraysh. They are notable for being allies to the polytheist Meccans and being in war with the Muslims. They are related to the Banu Sahm, as they both were part of a larger clan descended from the sam ...
clan. He served as chief justice under the Mamluks of Cairo and twice in Damascus during a period when
Shafi'i jurisprudence was favored by the state.
Badr al-Dīn was one of the teachers of the Damascene-based ḥadīth scholar
Al-Dhahabi
Shams ad-Dīn adh-Dhahabī (), also known as Shams ad-Dīn Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān ibn Qāymāẓ ibn ʿAbdillāh at-Turkumānī al-Fāriqī ad-Dimashqī (5 October 1274 – 3 February 1348) was an Atharism, Athari ...
.
Political theory
Like many other jurists Badr al-Dīn emphasized obedience to rulers, contending "the ruler is a necessity without whom there can be no justice for he is the shadow of God on earth". If that ruler is overthrown, the new ruler must be obeyed, for "we are with whoever conquers", even if he is "barbarous or vicious",
[ otherwise the Islamic community may become divided and weakened.][ quoted in quoted in ] His point of view reflected desperation of an "honest and pious observer" over the unrest of the time according to one historian (Bernard Lewis
Bernard Lewis, (31 May 1916 – 19 May 2018) was a British-American historian specialized in Oriental studies. He was also known as a public intellectual and political commentator. Lewis was the Cleveland E. Dodge Professor Emeritus of Near ...
), and his subservience to the ruling Mamluk sultans according to another (Jebran Chamieh).
Major works
Among his many works, some are:
* Idah al-Dalil fi Qat'i Hujaj Ahl al-Ta'til'' (Explanation of Evidence in Cutting the Argument of the People of the Rejecters/Deniers of Allah's Names and Attributes).
* ''Ghurar al-Tibyān fī man lam yusamma fī al-Qurʼān''.
* ''Etiquette of the Learner: An Abridgement of Tadhkirat al-Sāmiʻ wa-al-Mutakallim fī Adab al-ʻālim wa-al-Mutaʻallim''.
See also
* List of Ash'aris
References
Bibliography
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{{Authority control
1241 births
1333 deaths
Shafi'i fiqh scholars
14th-century jurists
Egyptian jurists
People from Cairo
Asharis
Shaykh al-Islāms