Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel
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Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel is a spa town in the district
Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains (, ) is a district ('' Kreis'') in Saxony, Germany. It is named after the mountain ranges Saxon Switzerland and Eastern Ore Mountains. History The district was established by merging the former districts ...
in
Saxony Saxony, officially the Free State of Saxony, is a landlocked state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland and the Czech Republic. Its capital is Dresden, and ...
, in eastern
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
. The municipality borders the
Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...
in the south. The municipality was formed on 1 January 1999 by the merger of the former municipalities Bad Gottleuba, Berggießhübel, Langenhennersdorf, and Bahratal. Surrounded by forests and near a water dam, Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel has several facilities including a spa health park, a plant garden, and a heated open air pool.


Geography

The following villages are part of the municipality: Oelsen in the southeast, Markersbach and Hellendorf in the southeast, Hartmannsbach, Breitenau, Börnersdorf, and Hennersbach in the southwest, Bad Gottleuba and Berggießhübel in the central part, and Zwiesel, Bahra, and Langenhennersdorf in the north. The municipality extends up to the foothills of the eastern
Ore Mountains The Ore Mountains (, or ; ) lie along the Czech–German border, separating the historical regions of Bohemia in the Czech Republic and Saxony in Germany. The highest peaks are the Klínovec in the Czech Republic (German: ''Keilberg'') at ab ...
and into the
Saxon Switzerland Saxon Switzerland (, ) is a hilly climbing area and national park in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains. It is located around the Elbe valley south-east of Dresden in Saxony, Germany, adjoining Bohemian Switzerland in the Czech Republic. Toge ...
. The united spa town is located between the rivers
Gottleuba The Gottleuba () is a small river in the Czech Republic and in Saxony, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Elbe. The Gottleuba's source is in the eastern part of the Ore Mountains in Krásný Les within the municipality of Petrovice. After a ...
and Bahra. The main settlements Bad Gottleuba and Berggießhübel are on the river Gottleuba. Distances from Berggießhübel which is more or less in the centre of the combined spa town: *25–35 km from
Dresden Dresden (; ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; , ) is the capital city of the States of Germany, German state of Saxony and its second most populous city after Leipzig. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, 12th most p ...
*7–11 km from
Pirna Pirna (; , ) is a town in Saxony, Germany and capital of the administrative district Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge. The town's population is over 37,000. Pirna is located near Dresden and is an important district town as well as a ''Große ...
*200 km from
Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...
*135 km from
Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...
Since 2005 the town has been easily accessible via the A17 express motorway
Dresden Dresden (; ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; , ) is the capital city of the States of Germany, German state of Saxony and its second most populous city after Leipzig. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, 12th most p ...
Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...
.


History

In 1459, the boundaries were fixed between Bohemia and Saxony by a contract between the Bohemian king and Frederick II and Duke
William III of Saxony William III (30 April 1425 – 17 September 1482), called the Brave (in German ''Wilhelm der Tapfere''), was landgrave of Thuringia (from 1445) and claimant duke of Luxemburg (from 1457). He is actually the second William to rule Thuringia, an ...
, and the area of the current municipality came to Saxony. In 1813, during the
Napoleonic Wars {{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Napoleonic Wars , partof = the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars , image = Napoleonic Wars (revision).jpg , caption = Left to right, top to bottom:Battl ...
, the area suffered damages from battles between the Russians and the
French French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), ...
. In 1880, a railway line from Pirna to Berggießhübel was opened. As the Gottleuba Valley Railway it was extended to Gottleuba in 1905, and it closed in 1976. The
Gottleuba Dam The Gottleuba Dam is the second highest dam in Saxony, Germany. It serves as a reservoir for water supply for the town Pirna and provides flood protection, but energy production is small. The dam was built between 1965 and 1974. It is located at t ...
in the
Gottleuba The Gottleuba () is a small river in the Czech Republic and in Saxony, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Elbe. The Gottleuba's source is in the eastern part of the Ore Mountains in Krásný Les within the municipality of Petrovice. After a ...
river was built between 1965 and 1974.


Oelsen

Oelsen is the oldest settlement of the municipality, first mentioned in 1169 as ''Olesnice''. The name originates from the
Czech Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** Czech culture ** Czech cuisine * One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus *Czech (surnam ...
''olešná'', meaning
alder Alders are trees of the genus ''Alnus'' in the birch family Betulaceae. The genus includes about 35 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few species ex ...
bush. It was one of the first colonised areas of the
Knights Hospitaller The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller (), is a Catholic military order. It was founded in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century and had headquarters there ...
in the Ore Mountains. In 1429, the
Hussites upright=1.2, Battle between Hussites (left) and Crusades#Campaigns against heretics and schismatics, Catholic crusaders in the 15th century upright=1.2, The Lands of the Bohemian Crown during the Hussite Wars. The movement began during the Prag ...
destroyed Oelsen. It wasn't rebuilt until the end of the 15th century. In 1517 the manor of Oelsen was acquired by the Bünau family, who held it until 1762. At the end of
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, on 9 May 1945, surviving prisoners of a
death march A death march is a forced march of prisoners of war, other captives, or deportees in which individuals are left to die along the way. It is distinct from simple prisoner transport via foot march. Article 19 of the Geneva Convention requires tha ...
from the
Porschdorf Porschdorf is a former municipality in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, in Saxony, in eastern Germany. With effect from 1 January 2012, it has been incorporated into the town of Bad Schandau. History During World War II, in ...
subcamp Subcamps were outlying detention centres (''Haftstätten'') that came under the command of a main Nazi concentration camps, concentration camp run by the SS in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe. The Nazis distinguished between the List of N ...
of the
Flossenbürg concentration camp Flossenbürg was a Nazi concentration camp built in May 1938 by the SS Main Economic and Administrative Office. Unlike other concentration camps, it was located in a remote area, in the Fichtel Mountains of Bavaria, adjacent to the town of Flos ...
were liberated near Oelsen. In 1996, Oelsen joined Bad Gottleuba.


and Hellendorf

Markersbach was first documented as ''Marquardi villa'' in 1363. Hellendorf was first mentioned as ''Heldisdorf'' in 1379. Its school was opened in 1837 and another in 1858. The current school was inaugurated in 1927. In 1970, the two villages were merged into the new municipality ''Bahratal''.


Gottleuba

Gottleuba was first mentioned in 1363 as ''Gotlavia'', but it probably already existed at the end of the 13th century. In 1298 Gottleuba together with Pirna became a part of
Bohemia Bohemia ( ; ; ) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. In a narrow, geographic sense, it roughly encompasses the territories of present-day Czechia that fall within the Elbe River's drainage basin, but historic ...
. In 1405 Pirna and Gottleuba were taken back by the
Margrave of Meissen This article lists the margraves of Margraviate of Meissen, Meissen, a March (territorial entity), march and territorial state on the eastern border of the Holy Roman Empire. History King Henry the Fowler, on his 928–29 campaign against the S ...
. Already at the end of the 14th century Gottleuba was a center for mining, mainly iron, silver, and copper. The last silver mine was closed in 1889. In 1463, Gottleuba received town privileges. In the 16th century, Gottleuba developed guilds with special commercial laws (for example, holding of spring and autumn markets and grant of weekly markets). Wars, disease, large town fires in 1746 and 1865, and the flood disasters of 1552, 1897, 1927, and 1957 again brought considerable setbacks to the city. A recuperation centre belonging to the Landesversicherungsanstalt Sachsen was built in Gottleuba in 1909. In 1936 the name was officially changed to Bad Gottleuba. Since 1991, the sanatorium which is named ''Gesundheitspark Bad Gottleuba'' has been under the charge of TRIA Immobilienanlagen und Verwaltungs-GmbH in Berlin.


Berggießhübel

Berggießhübel was first mentioned as ''Gyßhobel'' in 1412. The origin of the name is disputed, one likely explanation is ''the mountain where ore is melted and poured''. In 1548 it received town privileges. The
Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...
(1618–1648) interrupted the iron works. In 1717, medicinal water was found and Berggießhübel became a
spa town A spa town is a resort town based on a mineral spa (a developed mineral spring). Patrons visit spas to "take the waters" for their purported health benefits. Thomas Guidott set up a medical practice in the English town of Bath, Somerset, Ba ...
. The baths were damaged in the Napoleonic Wars, but in 1822 the business was rebuilt by Friedrich August Freiherr von Leyßer. With the opening of a railway line from Pirna to Berggießhübel in 1880, the region attracted more visitors. In 1993, the MEDIAN-klinik was opened in the area of ''Friedrichstal''.


Langenhennersdorf and Bahra

Langenhennersdorf was first mentioned as ''Hennici villa'' in 1356 and was assigned to the
Margrave of Meissen This article lists the margraves of Margraviate of Meissen, Meissen, a March (territorial entity), march and territorial state on the eastern border of the Holy Roman Empire. History King Henry the Fowler, on his 928–29 campaign against the S ...
in 1404. Bahra was mentioned for the first time in 1524.Digitales Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen
Bahra The name originates from the
Old High German Old High German (OHG; ) is the earliest stage of the German language, conventionally identified as the period from around 500/750 to 1050. Rather than representing a single supra-regional form of German, Old High German encompasses the numerous ...
''bar'' and ''para'', meaning "cleared forest". Bahra was assigned to the knightly manor (''Rittersgut'') of Langenhennersdorf in 1548. In 1838, a school was opened in Langenhennersdorf. In 1971, Langenhennersdorf and Bahra became a single municipality.


Local council

The local council has 16 members. Since the elections in May 2014 the CDU has 11 seats and the Left has 5 seats.


Main sights

* Saxon post milestone (''Postmeilensäule'') *Gottleuba Dam *Town hall of Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel *Parks *A plant garden * Friedrichsthal Castle * Heimatstube Museum * Wandergebiet Labyrinth in Langenhennersdorf *Waterfall on the Langenhennersdorf stream


Personalities

* Johann Gottlob Lehmann (1719–1767), originally studied medicine, later geologist, one of the founders of
stratigraphy Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks. Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithost ...
*
Heinrich Ferdinand Mannstein Heinrich Ferdinand Mannstein, real name Heinrich Ferdinand Steinmann, (16 September 1806 – 3 August 1872) was a German singing teacher, writer and music critic. Life Born in Berggießhübel, Mannstein attended the Dresden Kreuzschule and the ...
(1806–1872), writer *
Fritz Rössler Fritz Rössler (17 January 1912 – 11 October 1987) was a low-level official in the Nazi Party who went on to become a leading figure in German neo-Nazi politics. In his later life he was more commonly known as Dr. Franz Richter. Nazi activit ...
(1912–1987), Nazi instructor; member of the Bundestag 1949–1952, elected using a false name *
Wolfgang Ullmann Wolfgang Ullmann (18 August 1929 – 30 July 2004) was a German journalist, theologian, politician. Life Wolfgang Ullmann was born in Bad Gottleuba near Dresden. From 1948 to 1954 he studied Protestant theology and also philosophy, first in ...
(1929–2004), German
theologian Theology is the study of religious belief from a religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of ...
, church historian and
politician A politician is a person who participates in Public policy, policy-making processes, usually holding an elective position in government. Politicians represent the people, make decisions, and influence the formulation of public policy. The roles ...
(
Alliance '90/The Greens Alliance 90/The Greens (, ), often simply referred to as Greens (, ), is a Green (politics), green political party in Germany. It was formed in 1993 by the merger of the Greens (formed in West Germany in 1980) and Alliance 90 (formed in East Ger ...
) *
Dragan Holcer Dragan Holcer (19 January 1945 – 23 September 2015) was a Yugoslav footballer who played as a defender. Early life Holcer was born in captivity in a Nazi prison camp to Slovenian father Franc Holcer and to Austrian-Italian mother Ida Orell ...
(1945–2015), Yugoslavian football player


Famous bathers

*
Christian Fürchtegott Gellert Christian Fürchtegott Gellert (4 July 171513 December 1769) was a German poet, one of the forerunners of the golden age of German literature that was ushered in by Lessing. Biography Gellert was born at Hainichen in Saxony, at the foot of the ...
(1715–1769),
fabulist Fable is a literary genre defined as a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that are anthropomorphized, and that illustrates or leads to a partic ...
*
Gottlieb Rabener Gottlieb Wilhelm Rabener (17 September 1714 – 22 March 1771), was a German writer of prose satires and publicist of the Enlightenment. He was born at Wachau near Leipzig, and he died at Dresden. In 1741 he made his debut as satirist in S ...
(1714–1771),
satirist This is an incomplete list of writers, cartoonists and others known for involvement in satire – humorous social criticism. They are grouped by era and listed by year of birth. Included is a list of modern satires. Early satirical authors *Aes ...


References


External links

(in German)

with the municipal plan *http://www.gottleubatal.de *http://www.oberelbe.de with land map on the start page {{DEFAULTSORT:Bad Gottleuba-Berggiesshubel Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel, Populated places in Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge Spa towns in Germany