Ayuka or Ayuki Khan (1669–1724) was a Kalmyk leader under whose rule the

Kalmyk Khanate The Kalmyk Khanate ( xal-RU, Хальмг хана улс, ''Xal'mg xana uls'') was an Oirat khanate on the Eurasian steppe. It extended over modern Kalmykia and surrounding areas in the North Caucasus, including Stavropol and Astrakhan. Duri ...

reached its zenith in terms of economic, military, and politic power. On behalf of

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

, Ayuka Khan protected the southern borders of Russia, engaging in many military expeditions against the Muslim tribes of

Central Asia Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a subregion, region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north. It includes t ...

, the

North Caucasus The North Caucasus, ( ady, Темыр Къафкъас, Temır Qafqas; kbd, Ишхъэрэ Къаукъаз, İṩxhərə Qauqaz; ce, Къилбаседа Кавказ, Q̇ilbaseda Kavkaz; , os, Цӕгат Кавказ, Cægat Kavkaz, inh, ...

and

Crimea Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...

. "The Kalmyk Khanate reached its peak of power in the period of Ayuka Khan (1669-1724). Ayuka Khan fulfilled his responsibility to protect the southern borders of Russia and conducted many military expeditions against the Crimean Tatars, Ottoman Empire and Kuban Tatars. He also waged wars against the Kazakhs, subjugated the Mangyshlak Turkmens, and made multiple expeditions against the highlanders of the North Caucasus." Kalmyk troops invaded Bashkirs with Kazan and Orenburg Bashkir Uprising (1681–1684). Then the Russian government sent to negotiate for Ayuka Prince Golitsyn Alexei Ivanovich. These negotiations failed to stop the Russian attacks Kalmyks and keep Ayuka Khan of friendly relations with the Porte, the Crimea and Persia. Russian authorities in an effort to strengthen its influence in the Lower Volga, supported Ayuka Khan and used his troops during the suppression of the Astrakhan (1705–1706) and Bulavin (1707–1709) uprisings, as well as in the Great Northern War (1700–1721), and the

Russo-Persian War (1722–1723) The Russo-Persian War of 1722–1723, known in Russian historiography as the Persian campaign of Peter the Great, was a war between the Russian Empire and Safavid Iran, triggered by the tsar's attempt to expand Russian influence in the Caspian ...

. For the latter war, to honor his service, he received a golden sword and a belt covered with precious stones by

Peter I Peter I may refer to: Religious hierarchs * Saint Peter (c. 1 AD – c. 64–88 AD), a.k.a. Simon Peter, Simeon, or Simon, apostle of Jesus * Pope Peter I of Alexandria (died 311), revered as a saint * Peter I of Armenia (died 1058), Catholico ...

.Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov
''Kalmykia in Russia's Past and Present National Policies and Administrative System''
Central European University Press, 2008 p 86 Ayuka Khan, restoring peaceful relations with the Russian kingdom, turned his attention to the east. Ayuka Khan undertook military campaign against the Kazakh and Turkmen, making them their tributaries. Part Mangyshlak Turkmens were displaced Ayuka Khan the Volga, to the same period include his successful war with Dagestanis, Kumyks, Kabardians and Kuban. In 1690, the Dalai Lama bestowed Kalmyk taisha Ayuke Khan's title with a seal.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khan, Ayuka 1669 births 1724 deaths History of Kalmykia Kalmyk Buddhists Kalmyk people People of the Russo-Persian Wars

See also

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References