Avondale, Auckland
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Avondale ( ) () is a suburb of Auckland,
New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla ...
, located to the east of the Whau River on the Auckland Isthmus. Avondale was established as a small settlement but grew following the establishment of a railway line, which in turn led to the establishment of brickworks. Following the settlement's growth an independent borough was formed, but was soon amalgamated into the City of Auckland.


Geography

Avondale is one of the westernmost suburbs of the Auckland isthmus, forming the eastern shores of the Whau River, an estuarial arm of the
Waitematā Harbour The Waitematā Harbour is the main access by sea to Auckland, New Zealand. The harbour forms the northern and eastern coasts of the Auckland isthmus and is crossed by the Auckland Harbour Bridge. It is matched on the southern side of the city ...
.


History


European settlement

The eastern shores of the Whau River was originally known by European settlers as Te Whau, until the 1880s. Whau is the
Māori language Māori (; endonym: 'the Māori language', commonly shortened to ) is an Eastern Polynesian languages, Eastern Polynesian language and the language of the Māori people, the indigenous population of mainland New Zealand. The southernmost membe ...
name for '' Entelea arborescens'', a native tree. The first European settler in the area was John Sheddon Adam in 1843. In 1845, the first wooden bridge across the Whau River was built. Settlement of the area did not occur in larger numbers until the late 1850s, with the completion of Great North Road. The name Avondale was popularised by John Bollard, who arrived in the area in 1861 and named the area for the Avondale Forest in
County Wicklow County Wicklow ( ; ) is a Counties of Ireland, county in Republic of Ireland, Ireland. The last of the traditional 32 counties, having been formed as late as 1606 in Ireland, 1606, it is part of the Eastern and Midland Region and the Provinces ...
,
Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...
. Bollard became a prominent community leader and a Member of Parliament, living in Avondale until his death in 1915. Expansion was rapid, with churches, stores and a public hall built by 1867. In 1880, the
North Auckland Line The North Auckland Line (designation NAL) is a major section of New Zealand's Rail transport in New Zealand, national rail network, and is made up of the following parts: the portion of track that runs northward from Westfield Junction to Newm ...
railway stations opened along the Auckland isthmus and West Auckland, extending to
Helensville Helensville () is a town in the North Island of New Zealand. It is sited northwest of Auckland, close to the southern extremity of the Kaipara Harbour. State Highway 16 passes through the town, connecting it to Waimauku to the south, and Ka ...
by 1881, which included a station at Avondale. The new connection to Auckland led to a significant increase in growth in the area. Taking advantage of the newly opened station, New Zealand businessman William Hunt opened a brickworks adjacent to the railway line at St Georges Road, which continued to manufacture clay goods until 1969. Other early industries in the Avondale area included tanneries and mills. Avondale also had numerous market gardens, especially on the Rosebank Peninsula. It was here that the "Hayward" cultivar of the Chinese gooseberry, later known as the
kiwifruit Kiwifruit (often shortened to kiwi), or Chinese gooseberry, is the edible berry (botany), berry of several species of woody vines in the genus ''Actinidia''. The most common cultivar group of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa, ...
, was developed by Hayward Wright. In the late 19th century, Chinese-New Zealander Chan Ah Chee purchased 26 acres at land at Avondale, using the land as market gardens. The Whau Road District became the Avondale Road District on 5 June 1882. In 1888, the Avondale Jockey Club formed, and began holding events at the Avondale Racecourse. In 1912, the racecourse was used as a military training camp for the 3rd (Auckland) Mounted Rifles during
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, as an airfield in the following year, and as a temporary hospital during the
1918 influenza pandemic The 1918–1920 flu pandemic, also known as the Great Influenza epidemic or by the common misnomer Spanish flu, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the Influenza A virus subtype H1N1, H1N1 subtype of the influenz ...
.


Suburban development

From the mid-1920s Avondale became increasingly suburban. With a greater need to provide infrastructure for the area, the Avondale Borough Council was formed in 1922, it planned to take out a large loan to pay for these costs. The residents of Avondale voted against this plan, and instead voted to amalgamate with the City of Auckland to the east, in the hope that the city would be better able to finance works projects. After the vote was successful, Avondale Borough was absorbed into the Auckland City in 1927. In 1924, a new town hall was built for the Avondale Borough. After the merger with Auckland City, there was no longer a need for borough offices, and the town hall was repurposed as a cinema, now known as the Hollywood Cinema. In 1963, LynnMall, the first American-style shopping centre was opened in the neighbouring suburb of
New Lynn New Lynn is a residential suburb in West Auckland, New Zealand, West Auckland, New Zealand, located 10 kilometres to the southwest of the Auckland CBD, Auckland city centre. The suburb is located along the Whau River, one of the narrowest poi ...
. This negatively affected many of the shops in Avondale throughout the 1960s and 1970s.


3 Guys supermarket

Albert Gubay Albert Gubay, Order of St. Gregory the Great, KC*SG (9 April 1928 – 5 January 2016) was a Welsh businessman and philanthropist, who made his fortune with the Kwik Save retail chain, building it further on investments, mainly in property develo ...
began building his fifth 3 Guys supermarket in Avondale in 1974. It operated from September 1975 to June 1997, but was plagued by building consent issues and was eventually demolished.
Auckland City Council Auckland City Council was the local government authority for Auckland City, New Zealand, from 1989 to 1 November 2010, when it and Auckland's six other city and district councils were amalgamated to form the Auckland Council. It was an elec ...
took ownership of the site, selling part of it for private development in 2001. Most of the site was still vacant in 2019. The site became popular for street art in 2017, and a structure was built to host street art in 2021. A similarly named "Free Guys Supermarket" opened in Avondale during the
COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic (also known as the coronavirus pandemic and COVID pandemic), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began with an disease outbreak, outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, in December ...
to provide free groceries to low-income households.


Redevelopment

In 2017, the council-controlled organisation
Panuku Development Auckland Eke Panuku Development Auckland (Eke Panuku) is one of four council-controlled organisations (CCOs) of Auckland Council in Auckland, New Zealand. Eke Panuku manages a NZD$2.3bn property portfolio of non-core Auckland Council assets. Eke Panuk ...
announced a major redevelopment of Avondale town centre, including a new library building, community and recreation centre, increased housing and local business development. Since the 2010s, medium and high-density housing has become more commonly seen in Avondale, including such developments as the Highbury Triangle, a purpose-built Kāinga Ora complex primarily for older residents. A planned new construction in the area is the Whau River walkway, creating easier walking connections between Avondale and the suburbs on the western shores of the Whau River.


The Avondale spider

The so-called Avondale spider (''Delena cancerides''), an
introduced species An introduced species, alien species, exotic species, adventive species, immigrant species, foreign species, non-indigenous species, or non-native species is a species living outside its native distributional range, but which has arrived ther ...
of a spectacular but harmless Australian huntsman spider, was for decades only found in the area surrounding Avondale, and thus received its New Zealand name. It was introduced to New Zealand in the mid-1920s, likely in a shipment of timber to the Aitkins Timber Yard in Patiki Road. The species was allowed to spread into neighbouring areas, so that its distribution pattern might help identify future dispersal patterns of introduced species. Since then, the spider has become a symbol of Avondale.


Demographics

Avondale covers and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km2. Avondale had a population of 23,355 in the
2023 New Zealand census The 2023 New Zealand census, which took place on 7 March 2023, was the thirty-fifth national census in New Zealand. It implemented measures that aimed to increase the Census' effectiveness in response to the issues faced with the 2018 census, i ...
, an increase of 363 people (1.6%) since the 2018 census, and an increase of 2,274 people (10.8%) since the 2013 census. There were 11,865 males, 11,382 females and 108 people of other genders in 7,335 dwellings. 4.0% of people identified as LGBTIQ+. There were 4,458 people (19.1%) aged under 15 years, 5,160 (22.1%) aged 15 to 29, 11,172 (47.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 2,559 (11.0%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 34.3% European (
Pākehā ''Pākehā'' (or ''Pakeha''; ; ) is a Māori language, Māori-language word used in English, particularly in New Zealand. It generally means a non-Polynesians, Polynesian New Zealanders, New Zealander or more specifically a European New Zeala ...
); 12.3%
Māori Māori or Maori can refer to: Relating to the Māori people * Māori people of New Zealand, or members of that group * Māori language, the language of the Māori people of New Zealand * Māori culture * Cook Islanders, the Māori people of the Co ...
; 26.0% Pasifika; 38.3% Asian; 4.5% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 1.5% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 89.8%, Māori language by 2.9%, Samoan by 8.2%, and other languages by 33.5%. No language could be spoken by 2.9% (e.g. too young to talk).
New Zealand Sign Language New Zealand Sign Language or NZSL () is the main language of the deaf community in New Zealand. It became an official language of New Zealand in April 2006 under the New Zealand Sign Language Act 2006. The purpose of the act was to create rights ...
was known by 0.5%. The percentage of people born overseas was 47.2, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 36.9%
Christian A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism, monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the wo ...
, 8.5%
Hindu Hindus (; ; also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma. Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pp. 35–37 Historically, the term has also be ...
, 6.6%
Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...
, 0.8%
Māori religious beliefs Māori or Maori can refer to: Relating to the Māori people * Māori people of New Zealand, or members of that group * Māori language, the language of the Māori people of New Zealand * Māori culture * Cook Islanders, the Māori people of the Co ...
, 2.3%
Buddhist Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or ...
, 0.4%
New Age New Age is a range of Spirituality, spiritual or Religion, religious practices and beliefs that rapidly grew in Western world, Western society during the early 1970s. Its highly eclecticism, eclectic and unsystematic structure makes a precise d ...
, 0.1%
Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
, and 1.7% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 37.3%, and 5.8% of people did not answer the census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 5,754 (30.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 7,332 (38.8%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 5,814 (30.8%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. 2,031 people (10.7%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 10,092 (53.4%) people were employed full-time, 2,022 (10.7%) were part-time, and 828 (4.4%) were unemployed.


Local government

The first local government in the area was the Whau Highway District, which formed 5 October 1868. This was renamed the Avondale Road district in 1882. Avondale grew into a self-governing borough in 1922. The borough merged with the Auckland City in 1927. In November 2010, all cities and districts of the Auckland Region were amalgamated into a single body, governed by the
Auckland Council Auckland Council () is the local government council for the Auckland Region in New Zealand. It is a territorial authority that also has the responsibilities, duties and powers of a regional council and so is a unitary authority, according to t ...
. Avondale is in the Whau local board area, which elects the seven-member
Whau Local Board The Whau Local Board is one of the 21 local boards of the Auckland Council. It is the only local board overseen by the council's Whau Ward councillor. The Whau board, named after the Whau River estuary which runs through the board area, cov ...
. Residents of Avondale also elect a single Whau ward councillor, who represents the area on the Auckland Council.


Mayors of Avondale Borough Council

Between 1922 and 1927, the Avondale Borough had four mayors. *1922–1923 James Watkin Kinniburgh *1923–1927 William John Tait *1927–1927 Edward Ernest Copsey *1927–1927 Herbert Tiarks


Amenities


Education

* Avondale College is a state secondary (years 9-15) school with a roll of students. It is one of the largest high schools in New Zealand. Avondale Intermediate is a school for years 7-8 with a roll of . It shares the site with Avondale College. Both schools opened in 1945. * Avondale Primary School and Rosebank School are coeducational state contributing primary (years 1-6) schools with rolls of and students, respectively. Avondale School was one of the earliest schools in Auckland, opening in 1860. * Jireh Christian School is a state-integrated full primary (years 1-8) school which opened in 2018 at the site of Immanuel Christian School. It has a roll of . * St Mary's Catholic School is a state-integrated full primary (years 1-8) school with a roll of . It opened in 1923. All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of


Sports

The Avondale Jockey Club operates the Avondale Racecourse - one of only two gallops tracks in suburban Auckland. The racecourse is also the location of the Avondale Sunday markets, the largest in the country. The interior of the racecourse is occupied by several sports fields, which are used for rugby union, rugby league, soccer and cricket. A set of netball courts are located adjacent to the racecourse. Additional sports facilities are located along Rosebank Road, at Eastdale Reserve and Riversdale Reserve.


Transport

Avondale Railway Station is situated on the Western Line of Auckland's metropolitan rail network.


Libraries

Avondale has a local branch of the
Auckland Libraries Auckland Council Libraries, usually simplified to Auckland Libraries, is the public library system for the Auckland Region of New Zealand. It was created when the seven separate councils in the Auckland region merged in 2010. It is currently the ...
system.


Entertainment


The Hollywood Cinema

There were movies in the Avondale Town Hall from 1900, but it wasn't until the building was upgraded in 1915 and 1924 to be a more functional cinema, that they were shown on a regular basis. The hall has been used as a cinema and performing arts centre by a variety of managers and became officially known as The Hollywood Cinema in 1966 when it was taken over and run by Jan Grefstad, until his death in 2001. Over the years it became known for midnight showings of
The Rocky Horror Picture Show ''The Rocky Horror Picture Show'' is a 1975 independent musical comedy horror film produced by Lou Adler and Michael White, directed by Jim Sharman, and distributed by 20th Century Fox. The screenplay was written by Sharman and Richard O ...
and performances on a
Wurlitzer The Rudolph Wurlitzer Company, usually referred to as simply Wurlitzer, is an American company started in Cincinnati in 1853 by German immigrant (Franz) Rudolph Wurlitzer. The company initially imported stringed, woodwind and brass instruments ...
organ. Under new ownership since 2015, it continues to show movies and present concerts by international artists such as
Billy Bragg Stephen William Bragg (born 20 December 1957) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, author and political activist. His music blends elements of folk music, punk rock and protest songs, with lyrics that mostly span political or romantic th ...
, and local musicians, including Marlon Willams.


Places of worship

Avondale has several places of worship, including multiple churches, a
Hindu Hindus (; ; also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma. Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pp. 35–37 Historically, the term has also be ...
temple, a
mosque A mosque ( ), also called a masjid ( ), is a place of worship for Muslims. The term usually refers to a covered building, but can be any place where Salah, Islamic prayers are performed; such as an outdoor courtyard. Originally, mosques were si ...
, and a Seventh-Day Adventist Church Plant (ACTS Community Church).


References


Bibliography

* * * * * * *


External links


Photographs of Avondale
held in
Auckland Libraries Auckland Council Libraries, usually simplified to Auckland Libraries, is the public library system for the Auckland Region of New Zealand. It was created when the seven separate councils in the Auckland region merged in 2010. It is currently the ...
' heritage collections. {{Subject bar, auto=y, d=y 1850s establishments in New Zealand Suburbs of Auckland Populated places around the Waitematā Harbour Populated places established in the 1850s Whau Local Board Area West Auckland, New Zealand