Ava Gardner

Ava Lavinia Gardner (December 24, 1922 – January 25, 1990) was an American actress during the Golden Age of Hollywood. She first signed a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1941 and appeared mainly in small roles until she drew critics' attention in 1946 with her performance in Robert Siodmak's film noir ''The Killers''.

During the 1950s, Gardner established herself as a leading lady and one of the era's top stars with films like ''Show Boat'', '' Pandora and the Flying Dutchman'' (both 1951), '' The Snows of Kilimanjaro'' (1952), ''Mogambo'' (1953), '' The Barefoot Contessa'' (1954), '' Bhowani Junction'' (1956) and '' On the Beach'' (1959). She continued her film career for three more decades, appearing in the films '' 55 Days at Peking'' (1963), '' Seven Days in May'' (1964), '' The Bible: In the Beginning...'' (1966), and ''Mayerling'' (1968). She continued to act regularly until 1986, four years before her death in 1990, at the age of 67.

She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in ''Mogambo'', and for both a Golden Globe Award and BAFTA Award, in the category of Best Actress, for her performance in The ''Night of the Iguana''. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Gardner No.25 on its greatest female screen legends list.

Early life

Gardner was born on December 24, 1922, in Grabtown, North Carolina, the youngest of seven children. When Gardner was born, by community standards, they were “better than well-to-do” with her father having the deed to their tobacco and cotton farm, and owning a sawmill and a country store. She was of English and Scots-Irish ancestry.

She was raised in the Baptist faith of her mother. While the children were still young, during the Depression the family lost their property. Gardner's mother received an offer to work as a cook and housekeeper at a dormitory for teachers at the nearby Brogden School that included board for the family, and Gardner's father sharecropped tobacco and supplemented the dwindling work with odd jobs at sawmills. In 1931, the teachers' school closed, forcing the family to finally give up on their property dreams and move to Newport News, Virginia, where Gardner's mother found work managing a boarding house for the city's many shipworkers. While in Newport News, Gardner's father became ill and died from bronchitis in 1938, when Gardner was 15 years old. After her father's death, the family moved to Rock Ridge near Wilson, North Carolina, where Gardner's mother ran another boarding house for teachers. Gardner attended high school in Rock Ridge and she graduated from there in 1939. The family was not well off and, to the ridicule of her classmates, she had to wear hand-me-down clothes to school. She then attended secretarial classes at Atlantic Christian College in Wilson for about a year.''Encyclopedia of World Biography'' Vol. 25 (2005) Gale, Detroit

Career

Gardner was visiting her sister in New York City in the summer of 1940 when her brother-in-law, a professional photographer, offered to take her portrait as a gift for her mother. He was so pleased with the results that he displayed the finished product in the front window of his photography studio on Fifth Avenue.

Barnard Duhan, a legal clerk at Loews Theatres, spotted Gardner's portrait in her brother-in-law's studio. At the time, Duhan often posed as a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) talent scout to meet girls, using the fact that MGM was a subsidiary of Loews. Duhan entered Gardner's brother-in-law's studio and tried to get her number, but he was rebuffed by the receptionist. Duhan made the comment "Somebody should send her info to MGM", and her brother-in-law did so immediately. Shortly after, Gardner, who at the time was a student at Atlantic Christian College, traveled to New York to be interviewed at MGM's New York office by Al Altman, head of MGM's New York talent department. With cameras rolling, he directed the 18-year-old to walk toward the camera, turn and walk away, then rearrange some flowers in a vase. He did not attempt to record her voice because her strong Southern accent made understanding her difficult for him. Louis B. Mayer, head of MGM, however, sent a telegram to Altman: "She can't sing. She can't act. She can't talk. She's terrific!" She was offered a standard contract by the studio and left school for Hollywood in 1941, with her sister accompanying her. MGM's first order of business was to provide her with a speech coach because her Carolina drawl was nearly incomprehensible to them, and Harriet Lee as her singing teacher.

Her first appearance in a feature film was as a walk-on in the Norma Shearer vehicle '' We Were Dancing'' (1942). Fifteen bit parts later, she received her first screen billing in '' Ghosts on the Loose'' (1943), and she is featured by name on the theatrical poster. After five years of bit parts, mostly at MGM and many of them uncredited, Gardner came to prominence in the Mark Hellinger production ''The Killers'' (1946), playing the ''femme fatale'' Kitty Collins. Although she had good reviews, she kept a fragile self-image. “Ava wouldn’t even go eat in the commissary because she was so scared to walk in and see Lana Turner and Greer Garson,” says actress Arlene Dahl.

Films from the next decade or so include '' The Hucksters'' (1947), ''One Touch of Venus'' (1948), ''Show Boat'' (1951), '' The Snows of Kilimanjaro'' (1952), '' Lone Star'' (1952), ''Mogambo'', nominated for a Best Actress Academy Award (1953), '' The Barefoot Contessa'' (1954), '' Bhowani Junction'' (1956), ''The Sun Also Rises'' (1957) and '' On the Beach'' (1959). Off-camera, she could be witty and pithy, as in her assessment of director John Ford, who directed ''Mogambo'' ("The meanest man on earth. Thoroughly evil. Adored him!"). In ''The Barefoot Contessa'', she played the role of doomed beauty Maria Vargas, a fiercely independent woman who goes from Spanish dancer to international movie star with the help of a Hollywood director played by Humphrey Bogart, with tragic consequences. Gardner's decision to accept the role was influenced by her own lifelong habit of going barefoot. Gardner played the role of Guinevere in ''Knights of the Round Table'' (1953), with actor Robert Taylor as Sir Lancelot. Indicative of her sophistication, she portrayed a duchess, a baroness, and other women of noble lineage in her films of the 1950s.

Gardner played the role of Soledad in ''The Angel Wore Red'' (1960) with Dirk Bogarde as the male lead. She was billed between Charlton Heston and David Niven for '' 55 Days at Peking'' (1963), which was set in China during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900. The following year, she played her last major leading role in the critically acclaimed '' The Night of the Iguana'' (1964), based upon a Tennessee Williams play, and starring Richard Burton as an atheist clergyman and Deborah Kerr as a gentle artist traveling with her aged poet grandfather. John Huston directed the movie in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, insisting on making the film in black-and-white – a decision he later regretted because of the vivid colors of the flora. Gardner received billing below Burton, but above Kerr. She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama and BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her performance.

She next appeared again with Burt Lancaster, her co-star from ''The Killers'', this time with Kirk Douglas and Fredric March, in '' Seven Days in May'' (1964), a thriller about an attempted military takeover of the US government. Gardner played a former love interest of Lancaster's who could have been instrumental in Douglas preventing a coup against the President of the United States.

John Huston chose Gardner for the part of Sarah, the wife of Abraham (played by George C. Scott), in the Dino De Laurentiis film '' The Bible: In the Beginning...'', which was released in 1966. In a 1964 interview, she talked about why she accepted the role:

Two years later, in 1966, Gardner briefly sought the role of Mrs. Robinson in Mike Nichols' ''The Graduate'' (1967). She reportedly called Nichols and said "I want to see you! I want to talk about this ''Graduate'' thing!" Nichols never seriously considered her for the part, preferring to cast a younger woman (Anne Bancroft was 35, while Gardner was 44), but he did visit her hotel, where he later said "she sat at a little French desk with a telephone, she went through every movie star cliché. She said, 'All right, let's talk about your movie. First of all, I strip for nobody.'"

Gardner moved to Tokyo in 1966, undergoing an elective hysterectomy to allay her worries of contracting the uterine cancer that had claimed the life of her mother. Two years later, she appeared in ''Mayerling'', in which she played the supporting role of Austrian Empress Elisabeth of Austria, with James Mason as Emperor Franz Joseph I.

Her last appearance was in 1986 in the television film ''Maggie''. Gardner authored a book about her life titled ''Ava: My Story'' published by Random House Publishing Group in 1990.

Personal life

Marriages

Soon after Gardner arrived in Los Angeles, she met fellow MGM contract player Mickey Rooney; they married on January 10, 1942. The ceremony was held in the remote town of Ballard, California because MGM studio head Louis B. Mayer was worried that fans would desert Rooney's Andy Hardy movie series if it became known that their star was married. Gardner divorced Rooney in 1943, citing mental cruelty, privately blaming his gambling and womanizing. She did not ruin his on-screen image as the clean-cut, judge's son Andy Hardy that the public adored.

Gardner's second marriage was equally brief, to jazz musician and bandleader Artie Shaw, from 1945 to 1946. Shaw previously had been married to Lana Turner. Gardner's third was to singer and actor Frank Sinatra from 1951 to 1957. She later said in her autobiography that he was the love of her life. Sinatra left his wife Nancy for Gardner, and their marriage made headlines.

Sinatra was blasted by gossip columnists Hedda Hopper and Louella Parsons, the Hollywood establishment, the Catholic Church, and by his fans for leaving his wife. Gardner used her considerable influence, particularly with Harry Cohn, to get Sinatra cast in his Oscar-winning role in ''From Here to Eternity'' (1953). This role and the award revitalized both Sinatra's acting and singing careers.

The Gardner–Sinatra marriage was tumultuous. During their marriage, Gardner became pregnant twice, but aborted both pregnancies. "MGM had all sorts of penalty clauses about their stars having babies", according to her autobiography, which was published eight months after her death. Gardner filed for divorce in 1954, and the divorce was finalized in 1957.
Following their divorce, Gardner and Sinatra remained good friends for the rest of her life.

Relationships

Gardner became a friend and protegé of businessman and aviator Howard Hughes in the early to mid-1940s, and the relationship lasted into the 1950s. Gardner stated in her autobiography, ''Ava: My Story'', that she was never in love with Hughes, but he was in and out of her life for about 20 years. Hughes' trust in Gardner was what kept their relationship alive. She described him as "painfully shy, completely enigmatic, and more eccentric...than anyone hehad ever met".Gardner, Ava. ''Ava: My Story''. 1992. New York: Bantam Books..

Gardner had several other affairs including with matador Luis Miguel Dominguín, actor George C. Scott, and Claude Terrail, the restaurateur of the Paris restaurant La Tour d'Argent.

Gardner lived her last 35 years outside of the United States. She first visited Spain in 1950, and she moved to that country in 1955, living there until 1966, when she moved to London. She lived at 34 Ennismore Gardens in Westminster in London, her final residence when she died.

Gardner had a close friendship with Gregory Peck, with whom she starred in three films, the first one being '' The Great Sinner'' (1949). Their friendship lasted the rest of Gardner's life, and, upon her death in 1990, Peck took in both her housekeeper and her dog.

Religion and political views

Although Gardner was raised Baptist, at the end of her life she said she had no religion. Christianity never played a positive role in her life, according to biographers and Gardner, in her autobiography ''Ava: My Story''. Her friend Zoe Sallis, who met her on the set of '' The Bible: In the Beginning...'' when Gardner was living with John Huston in Puerto Vallarta, said Gardner always seemed unconcerned about religion. When Sallis asked her about religion once, Gardner replied, "It's not anything Christian". Another factor that contributed to this outlook was the death of Gardner's father in her youth. She said, "Nobody wanted to know Daddy when he was dying. He was so alone. He was scared. I could see the fear in his eyes when he was smiling. I went to see the preacher, the guy who'd baptized me. I begged him to come and visit Daddy, just to talk to him, you know? Give him a blessing or something. But he never did. He never came. God, I hated him. Cold-arse bastards like that ought to...I don't know...they should be in some other racket, I know that. I had no time for religion after that. I never prayed. I never said another prayer. Not like I meant it anyway.". Concerning politics, Gardner was a lifelong Democrat, and she supported Adlai Stevenson II in the 1952 United States presidential election.

Gardner was a staunch supporter of civil rights for African-Americans throughout her life. As a child growing up in North Carolina, she would often sit with African-American children in segregated parts of movie theaters. Her personal assistant, Rene Jordan, was African-American, and Gardner would often take her to clubs that were for whites only. She supported Henry A. Wallace of the Progressive Party, whose campaign in 1948 for the presidential election sought racial equality and desegregation.

She became a member of the NAACP in August 1968.

Death

In 1986, Gardner suffered a stroke. Although she could afford her medical expenses, Frank Sinatra wanted to pay for her visit to a specialist in the United States, and she allowed him to make the arrangements for a medically staffed private plane. She died at age 67 of bronchopneumonia on January 25, 1990 in Westminster, London, England.Certified Copy of a Register of Deaths - Entry No. 225

Gardner was buried on January 29 in Sunset Memorial Park in Smithfield, North Carolina, next to her siblings and their parents, Jonas and Molly Gardner. The Ava Gardner Museum, incorporated in 1996, is located nearby.

Bibliography

Gardner authored a book about her life titled ''Ava: My Story'' published by Random House Publishing Group in 1990 with an illustrated reprint by Random House's subsidiary Bantam Books in 1992.

In the last years of her life, Gardner asked Peter Evans to ghostwrite her autobiography, stating: "I either write the book or sell the jewels." Despite meeting with Evans frequently, and approving of most of his copy, Gardner eventually learned that Evans, along with the BBC, had once been sued by her ex-husband Frank Sinatra. Gardner and Evans's friendship subsequently cooled, and Evans left the project. Evans' notes and sections of his draft of Gardner's autobiography, which he based on their taped conversations, were published in his book '' Ava Gardner: The Secret Conversations'' after Evans' death in 2012.

Accolades

Gardner was nominated for an Academy Award for ''Mogambo'' (1953); which Audrey Hepburn won for ''Roman Holiday''. Her role in '' The Night of the Iguana'' (1964) was well reviewed, and she was nominated for a BAFTA Award and a Golden Globe. Additionally, Gardner won the Silver Shell for Best Actress at the San Sebastián International Film Festival in 1964 for ''The Night of the Iguana''.

Film portrayals

Gardner has been portrayed by Marcia Gay Harden in the 1992 miniseries '' Sinatra'', by Deborah Kara Unger in the 1998 television film '' The Rat Pack'', by Kate Beckinsale in the 2004 Howard Hughes biopic '' The Aviator'', Anna Drijver in the 2012 Italian TV film ''Walter Chiari – Fino all'ultima risata'', and Emily Elicia Low in '' Frank & Ava'' (2018).

The images of Gardner and Clark Gable are featured on the cover of Robin Gibb's 1983 album '' How Old Are You?''

The 2018 Spanish television series '' Arde Madrid'' is a comedy-drama with thriller elements based on elements of Ava Gardner's life in mid-20th century Spain. Gardner is portrayed by Debi Mazar.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

Further reading

* Cannon, Doris Rollins. ''Grabtown Girl: Ava Gardner's North Carolina Childhood and Her Enduring Ties to Home''. Down Home Press, 2001; .
* Fowler, Karin. ''Ava Gardner: A Bio-Bibliography''. Greenwood Press, 1990; .
* Gardner, Ava. ''Ava: My Story''. Bantam, 1990; .
* Gigliotti, Gilbert, editor. ''Ava Gardner: Touches of Venus''. Entasis Press, 2010; .
*
* Mims, Bryan
"Our Ava"
''Our State Magazine'', 2014.
* Rivers, Alton. ''Love, Ava: A Novel''. St. Martin's Press, 2007; .
* Server, Lee. ''Ava Gardner: Love Is Nothing''. St. Martin's Press, 2006; .
* Wayne, Jane Ellen. ''Ava's Men: The Private Life of Ava Gardner''. Robson Books, 2004; .

External links

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Ava Gardner Museumarchived

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Ava Gardner
at the ''Encyclopædia Britannica''

Ava Gardner: The Journey to Hollywood
at aenigma
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