rue ''Ruta graveolens'', commonly known as rue, common rue or herb-of-grace, is a species of ''Ruta'' grown as an ornamental plant and herb. It is native to the Balkan Peninsula. It is grown throughout the world in gardens, especially for its blu ...

citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. The genus ''Citrus'' is nati ...

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Rutaceae The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rueRUTACEAE
in BoDD – Botanical Der ...

center of diversity A center of origin is a geographical area where a group of organisms, either domesticated or wild, first developed its distinctive properties. They are also considered centers of diversity. Centers of origin were first identified in 1924 by N ...

monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal osci ...

Australasia Australasia is a region that comprises Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term is used in a number of different contexts, including geopolitically, physiogeographically, philologically, and ecolo ...

South Asia South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.;;;;; ...

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

Polynesia Polynesia () "many" and νῆσος () "island"), to, Polinisia; mi, Porinihia; haw, Polenekia; fj, Polinisia; sm, Polenisia; rar, Porinetia; ty, Pōrīnetia; tvl, Polenisia; tkl, Polenihia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania, made up of ...

citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. The genus ''Citrus'' is nati ...

bael Bael may refer to: *''Aegle marmelos'', commonly known as the Bael tree *Bael (demon) * Bael (wrestler) See also * Baal (disambiguation) Baal is a Semitic term for "Lord" or "owner". Baal may also refer to: Religion * Baal (demon), a Christian d ...

curd fruit ''Limonia acidissima'' is the only species within the monotypic genus ''Limonia''. Common names for the species in English include wood-apple and elephant-apple. It is sometimes also called monkey fruit. Description ''Limonia acidissima'' is ...

Murraya ''Murraya'' () is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It is distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.curry tree (''M. koenigii'') and orange jessamine (''M. paniculata''), and the small genus ''

Clausena ''Clausena'' is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It was first defined by the Dutch botanist Nicolaas Laurens Burman in 1768. It is distributed in Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.

''.

Description

Aurantioideae are smallish

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...

s or large shrubs, or rarely

liana A liana is a long- stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word ''liana'' does not refer to a ...

s. Their flowers are typically white and fragrant. Their fruit are very characteristic hesperidia, usually of rounded shape and colored in green, yellowish or orange hues.

Taxonomy

The subfamily has been divided into two

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confl ...

s, the ancestral

Clauseneae Clauseneae is one of the two tribes of the flowering plant family Rutaceae, subfamily Aurantioideae, the other being Citreae Citreae is one of the two tribes of the flowering plant family Rutaceae, subfamily Aurantioideae, the other b ...

and the more advanced

Citreae Citreae is one of the two tribes of the flowering plant family Rutaceae, subfamily Aurantioideae, the other being Clauseneae. Subtribes and genera Three sub-tribes are included: * Triphasiinae ** '' Luvunga'' Buch.-Ham. ex Wight & Arn. ** ...

, as in a 1967 classification. A 2021 classification by Appelhans et al. based on a

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

study of almost 90% of the genera of the family Rutaceae places about 27 genera in the subfamily, stating that it was not yet feasible to produce a division into tribes. Other sources vary in the precise genera they accept.

Genera

Genera placed in Aurantioideae in Appelhans et al.'s 2021 classification of the Rutaceae into subfamilies are: *'' Aegle'' Corrêa *''

Aeglopsis ''Aeglopsis'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rutaceae. Its native range is Tropical Africa. Species: * ''Aeglopsis beguei'' A.Chev. * ''Aeglopsis chevalieri'' Swingle * ''Aeglopsis eggelingii'' M.Taylor * ''Aeglops ...

'' Swingle *''

Afraegle ''Afraegle'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rutaceae. Its native range is Western and Western Central Tropical Africa. . Species: * ''Afraegle mildbraedii ''Afraegle'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to th ...

'' Engl. *''

Atalantia ''Atalantia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, the Rutaceae.Swingle, W. T., rev. P. C. ReeceChapter 3: The Botany of ''Citrus'' and its Wild Relatives.In: ''The Citrus Industry'' vol. 1. Webber, H. J. (ed.). Berkeley: Univers ...

'' Corrêa *'' Balsamocitrus'' Stapf *''

Bergera ''Bergera'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rutaceae. It has been included in '' Murraya'' as ''M.'' sect. ''Bergera''. Species that may be placed in the genus are native from India through southeast Asia eastwards to China and T ...

'' J.Koenig ex L. – may be included in ''

Murraya ''Murraya'' () is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It is distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. *'' Burkillanthus'' Swingle *''

Citropsis ''Citropsis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. They are known generally as African cherry oranges.Swingle, W. T., rev. P. C. ReeceChapter 3: The Botany of ''Citrus'' and its Wild Relatives. In: ''The Citrus Industry' ...

'' (Engl.) Swingle & M.Kellerm. – cherry oranges *''

Citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. The genus ''Citrus'' is nati ...

'' L. – citrus fruits (including ''Eremocitrus'', ''Microcitrus'' and '' Poncirus'') *''

Clausena ''Clausena'' is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It was first defined by the Dutch botanist Nicolaas Laurens Burman in 1768. It is distributed in Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.

'' Burm.f. *''

Feroniella ''Feroniella'' is a genus in the family Rutaceae, the only species being ''Feroniella lucida''. The genus is placed within ''Citrus'' by some sources, with the species becoming ''Citrus lucida''. ''Feroniella lucida'' is a fruit-bearing tree nativ ...

'' Swingle – may be included in ''

Citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. The genus ''Citrus'' is nati ...

'' *'' Glycosmis'' Corrêa *''

Limnocitrus ''Limnocitrus'' is a genus of plant in the family Rutaceae with one species, ''Limnocitrus littoralis''. It is native to Vietnam and Indonesia, where it is found on the island of Java in Jepara. In traditional Vietnamese medicine different par ...

'' Swingle – may be included in ''

Pleiospermium ''Pleiospermium'' is a genus of plant in family Rutaceae. Species , Plants of the World Online accepted the following species: *''Pleiospermium alatum'' (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Swingle *''Pleiospermium annamense'' Guillaumin *''Pleiospermium dubi ...

'' *''

Limonia ''Limonia'' can mean: ;Living things * ''Limonia'' (fly), an insect genus * ''Limonia'' (plant), a flowering plant genus ;Other * Limonia (food) ''Limonia'' can mean: ;Living things * ''Limonia'' (fly), an insect genus * ''Limonia'' (plant) ...

'' L. – curd fruit *'' Luvunga'' Buch.-Ham. ex Wight & Arn. *'' Merope'' M.Roem. *'' Merrillia'' Swingle *''

Micromelum ''Micromelum'' is a genus of eight species of flowering plants in the family Rutaceae. Description The genus includes evergreen and deciduous shrubs and trees. The leaves are glandular and aromatic, containing essential oils. They are alternate ...

'' Blume *''

Monanthocitrus ''Monanthocitrus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. General common names for the genus include spotseed-lime and monanthocitrus.Swingle, W. T., rev. P. C. ReeceChapter 3: The Botany of ''Citrus'' and its Wild Rela ...

'' Tanaka *''

Murraya ''Murraya'' () is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It is distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.Naringi ''Naringi'' is a genus of flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') ...

'' Adans. *'' Pamburus'' Swingle *''

Paramignya ''Paramignya'' is a genus of flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel ...

'' Wight *''

Pleiospermium ''Pleiospermium'' is a genus of plant in family Rutaceae. Species , Plants of the World Online accepted the following species: *''Pleiospermium alatum'' (Wall. ex Wight & Arn.) Swingle *''Pleiospermium annamense'' Guillaumin *''Pleiospermium dubi ...

'' Swingle *''

Swinglea ''Swinglea'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rutaceae. It only contains a single species, ''Swinglea glutinosa''. It is native to the Philippines. The genus name of ''Swinglea'' is in honour of Walter Tennyson Sw ...

'' Merr. *''

Triphasia ''Triphasia'' is a small genus of three species in the family Rutaceae, related to ''Citrus''. The genus is native to southeastern Asia and New Guinea.Germplasm Resources Information Network''Triphasia''Huxley, A, ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary ...

'' Lour. *''

Wenzelia ''Wenzelia'' is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rutaceae. It is native to the Philippines, New Guinea, Solomon Island and Fiji. Known species As accepted by Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is ...

'' Merr. Genera that are not listed by Appelhans et al. include: * '' Clymenia'' Swingle – may be included in ''

Citrus ''Citrus'' is a genus of flowering trees and shrubs in the rue family, Rutaceae. Plants in the genus produce citrus fruits, including important crops such as oranges, lemons, grapefruits, pomelos, and limes. The genus ''Citrus'' is nati ...

''

References

Bibliography

* de Araújo, E. Freitas; de Queiroz, L. Paganucci & Machado, M.A. (2003): What is ''Citrus''? Taxonomic implications from a study of cp-DNA evolution in the tribe Citreae (Rutaceae subfamily Aurantioideae). ''Organisms Diversity & Evolution'' 3(1): 55-62. (HTML abstract) {{Taxonbar, from=Q663700 Rosid subfamilies