Athens, Georgia
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Athens is a
consolidated city-county In local government in the United States, United States local government, a consolidated city-county (#Terminology, see below for alternative terms) is formed when one or more city, cities and their surrounding County (United States), county (Lis ...
in the U.S. state of
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...
. Downtown Athens lies about northeast of downtown
Atlanta Atlanta ( ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state), most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. It is the county seat, seat of Fulton County, Georg ...
. The
University of Georgia The University of Georgia (UGA or Georgia) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university with its main campus in Athens, Georgia, United States. Chartered in 1785, it is the oldest public university in th ...
, the state's flagship public university and an R1 research institution, is in Athens and contributed to its initial growth. In 1991, after a vote the preceding year, the original City of Athens abandoned its charter to form a unified government with Clarke County, referred to jointly as Athens–Clarke County where it is the
county seat A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or parish (administrative division), civil parish. The term is in use in five countries: Canada, China, Hungary, Romania, and the United States. An equiva ...
. As of 2021, the Athens-Clarke County's official website's population of the consolidated city-county (all of Clarke County except Winterville and a portion of Bogart) was 128,711. Athens is the sixth-most populous city in Georgia, and the principal city of the Athens metropolitan area, which had a 2020 population of 215,415, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Metropolitan Athens is a component of the larger Atlanta–Athens–Clarke County–Sandy Springs Combined Statistical Area. The city is dominated by a pervasive
college town A college town or university town is a town or city whose character is dominated by a college or university and their associated culture, often characterised by the student population making up 20 percent of the population of the community, bu ...
culture and music scene centered in downtown Athens, next to the University of Georgia's North Campus. Major music acts associated with Athens include numerous
alternative rock Alternative rock (also known as alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative) is a category of rock music that evolved from the independent music underground of the 1970s. Alternative rock acts achieved mainstream success in the 1990s w ...
bands such as R.E.M., the B-52's,
Widespread Panic Widespread Panic is an American rock band from Athens, Georgia. The current lineup includes guitarist/singer John Bell (musician), John Bell, bassist Dave Schools, drummer Duane Trucks, percussionist Domingo "Sunny" Ortiz, keyboardist John "JoJ ...
, Drive-By Truckers,
of Montreal of Montreal is an American indie pop band from Athens, Georgia. It was founded by frontperson Kevin Barnes in 1996, named after a failed romance between Barnes and a woman "of Montreal". The band is identified as part of the Elephant 6 collec ...
, Neutral Milk Hotel, and Harvey Milk. The city is also known as a recording site for such groups as the Atlanta-based Indigo Girls. The 2020 book ''Cool Town: How Athens, Georgia, Launched Alternative Music and Changed American Culture'' describes Athens as the model of the indie culture of the 1980s.


History

In the late 18th century, a trading settlement on the banks of the Oconee River called Cedar Shoals stood where Athens is today. On January 27, 1785, the
Georgia General Assembly The Georgia General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is bicameral, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each of the General Assembly's 236 members serve two-year terms and are directl ...
granted a
charter A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the ...
by Abraham Baldwin for the
University of Georgia The University of Georgia (UGA or Georgia) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university with its main campus in Athens, Georgia, United States. Chartered in 1785, it is the oldest public university in th ...
as the first state-supported university. Georgia's control of the area was established following the Oconee War. In 1801, a committee from the university's board of
trustee Trustee (or the holding of a trusteeship) is a legal term which, in its broadest sense, refers to anyone in a position of trust and so can refer to any individual who holds property, authority, or a position of trust or responsibility for the ...
s selected a site for the university on a hill above Cedar Shoals, in what was then Jackson County. On July 25, 1801, John Milledge, one of the trustees and later governor of Georgia, bought 633 acres from Daniel Easley and donated it to the university. Milledge named the surrounding area
Athens Athens ( ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Greece, largest city of Greece. A significant coastal urban area in the Mediterranean, Athens is also the capital of the Attica (region), Attica region and is the southe ...
after the city that was home to the
Platonic Academy The Academy (), variously known as Plato's Academy, or the Platonic Academy, was founded in Classical Athens, Athens by Plato ''wikt:circa, circa'' 387 BC. The academy is regarded as the first institution of higher education in the west, where ...
of
Plato Plato ( ; Greek language, Greek: , ; born  BC, died 348/347 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical Greece, Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the writte ...
and
Aristotle Aristotle (; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, a ...
in
Classical Greece Classical Greece was a period of around 200 years (the 5th and 4th centuries BC) in ancient Greece,The "Classical Age" is "the modern designation of the period from about 500 B.C. to the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C." ( Thomas R. Mar ...
. The first buildings on the University of Georgia campus were made from logs. The town grew as lots adjacent to the college were sold to raise money for the additional construction of the school. By the time the first class graduated from the university in 1804, Athens consisted of three homes, three stores, and a few other buildings facing Front Street, now known as Broad Street. Completed in 1806 and named in honor of
Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin (April 17, 1790) was an American polymath: a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher and Political philosophy, political philosopher.#britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Wood, 2021 Among the m ...
, Franklin College was the first permanent structure of the University of Georgia and the city of Athens. This brick building is now known as Old College. Athens officially became a town in December 1806 with a government made up of a three-member commission. The university and town continued to grow with cotton mills fueling the industrial and commercial development. Athens became known as the "
Manchester Manchester () is a city and the metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. It had an estimated population of in . Greater Manchester is the third-most populous metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, with a population of 2.92&nbs ...
of the South" after the city in England known for its mills. In 1833, a group of Athens businessmen led by James Camak, tired of their wagons getting stuck in the mud, built one of Georgia's first railroads, the
Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...
, connecting Athens to Augusta by 1841, and to Marthasville (now
Atlanta Atlanta ( ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state), most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. It is the county seat, seat of Fulton County, Georg ...
) by 1845. In the 1830s and 1840s, transportation developments and the growing influence of the University of Georgia made Athens one of the state's most important cities as the Antebellum Period neared the height of its development. The university essentially created a chain reaction of growth in the community which developed on its doorstep. During the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
, Athens became a significant supply center when the New Orleans armory was relocated to what is now called the Chicopee building. Fortifications can still be found along parts of the North Oconee River between College Avenue and Oconee Street. In addition, Athens played a small part in the ill-fated "Stoneman Raid" when a skirmish was fought on a site overlooking the Middle Oconee River near what is now the old Macon Highway. A Confederate memorial that used to stand on Broad Street near the University of Georgia Arch was removed the week of August 10, 2020. During
Reconstruction Reconstruction may refer to: Politics, history, and sociology *Reconstruction (law), the transfer of a company's (or several companies') business to a new company *''Perestroika'' (Russian for "reconstruction"), a late 20th century Soviet Union ...
, Athens continued to grow. The form of government changed to a mayor-council government with a new city charter on August 24, 1872, and Henry Beusse was elected as the first mayor of Athens. Beusse was instrumental in the city's rapid growth after the Civil War. After serving as mayor, he worked in the railroad industry and helped bring railroads to the region, creating growth in many of the surrounding communities. Freed slaves moved to the city, where many were attracted by the new centers for education such as the Freedmen's Bureau. This new population was served by three black newspapers: the ''Athens Blade'', the ''Athens Clipper'', and the ''Progressive Era''. In the 1880s, as Athens became more densely populated, city services and improvements were undertaken. The Athens
Police The police are Law enforcement organization, a constituted body of Law enforcement officer, people empowered by a State (polity), state with the aim of Law enforcement, enforcing the law and protecting the Public order policing, public order ...
Department was founded in 1881 and public schools opened in the fall of 1886. Telephone service was introduced in 1882 by the Bell Telephone Company. Transportation improvements were also introduced with a street paving program beginning in 1885 and
streetcar A tram (also known as a streetcar or trolley in Canada and the United States) is an urban rail transit in which vehicles, whether individual railcars or multiple-unit trains, run on tramway tracks on urban public streets; some include s ...
s, pulled by mules, in 1888. By the centennial in 1901, Athens had experienced a century of development and growth. A new
city hall In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or municipal hall (in the Philippines) is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses the city o ...
was completed in 1904. An
African-American African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. ...
middle class The middle class refers to a class of people in the middle of a social hierarchy, often defined by occupation, income, education, or social status. The term has historically been associated with modernity, capitalism and political debate. C ...
and the professional class grew around the corner of Washington and Hull Streets, known as the "Hot Corner", where the Morton Building was constructed in 1910. The theater at the Morton Building hosted movies and performances by black musicians such as
Louis Armstrong Louis Daniel Armstrong (August 4, 1901 – July 6, 1971), nicknamed "Satchmo", "Satch", and "Pops", was an American trumpeter and vocalist. He was among the most influential figures in jazz. His career spanned five decades and several era ...
,
Cab Calloway Cabell "Cab" Calloway III (December 25, 1907 – November 18, 1994) was an American jazz singer and bandleader. He was a regular performer at the Cotton Club in Harlem, where he became a popular vocalist of the Swing music, swing era. His niche ...
, and
Duke Ellington Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29, 1899 – May 24, 1974) was an American Jazz piano, jazz pianist, composer, and leader of his eponymous Big band, jazz orchestra from 1924 through the rest of his life. Born and raised in Washington, D ...
. In 1907, aviation pioneer Ben T. Epps became Georgia's first pilot on a hill outside town that would become the Athens-Ben Epps Airport. The last, and perhaps only, lynching in Athens occurred on February 16, 1921, when a mob of 3,000 people attacked the Athens courthouse and carried off John Lee Eberhart. Eberhart had been arrested for the murder of his employer, Ida D. Lee, with a shotgun in Oconee County. That night, he was driven back to the Lee farm where a mock trial was held. Though he refused to confess, he was tied to a stake and burned to death. The lynching received widespread attention. During
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, the U.S. Navy built new buildings and paved runways to serve as a training facility for naval pilots. In 1954, the U.S. Navy chose Athens as the site for the Navy Supply Corps school. The school was in Normaltown in the buildings of the old Normal School. It closed in 2011 under the Base Realignment and Closure process. The 56 acre site is now home to the Health Sciences Campus, which contains the University of Georgia/Medical College of Georgia Medical Partnership, the University of Georgia College of Public Health, and other health-related programs. In 1961, Athens witnessed part of the civil rights movement when Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes became the first two black students to enter the University of Georgia. Despite the '' Brown vs. Board of Education''
Supreme Court In most legal jurisdictions, a supreme court, also known as a court of last resort, apex court, high (or final) court of appeal, and court of final appeal, is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...
ruling in 1954, the Athens–Clarke County school district remained segregated until 1964.


Timeline

* 1801 ** Franklin College opens. ** Clarke County formed from part of Jackson County. * 1806 - Town of Athens incorporated. * 1808 - ''Georgia Express'' newspaper begins publication. * 1810 ** Jackson Street Cemetery in use (approximate date). ** Population: 273. * 1832 - '' Southern Banner'' newspaper in publication. * 1834 - Camak House and T. R. R. Cobb House built (approximate date). * 1841 - Railroad begins operating. * 1842 - Joseph Henry Lumpkin House built. * 1850 - Population: 1,661. * 1856 ** Oconee Hill Cemetery established. ** Benjamin H. Hill House built. * 1859 - Lumpkin Law School and Lucy Cobb Institute (girls school) established. * 1870 - Population: 4,251. * 1871 - Athens becomes seat of Clarke County. * 1872 ** City of Athens incorporated. ** State School of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts opens. * 1882 - Gospel Pilgrim Cemetery established. * 1883 - Synagogue built. * 1891 ** Electric streetcar begins operating. ** Ladies Garden Club organized. * 1895 - State Normal School opens. * 1896 - Electric lighting introduced. * 1900 - Population: 10,245. * 1903 - University of Georgia College of Pharmacy founded. * 1904 - City Hall built. * 1906 - School of Forestry founded. * 1908 - Southern Mutual Insurance Company building constructed. * 1910 - Morton Theatre in business. * 1912 - School of Commerce founded. * 1914 ** Reese Street School was founded. ** Clarke County Courthouse built. * 1917 - Athens Ben Epps Airport opens. * 1921 - Lynching of John Lee Eberhart * 1924 - Athens Country Club founded. * 1928 - WTFI radio begins broadcasting. * 1929 - University's Sanford Stadium opens. * 1932 -
University of Georgia The University of Georgia (UGA or Georgia) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university with its main campus in Athens, Georgia, United States. Chartered in 1785, it is the oldest public university in th ...
begins administering previously separate colleges of agriculture, education, law, etc. * 1938 ** WGAU
radio Radio is the technology of communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 3  hertz (Hz) and 300  gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitter connec ...
begins broadcasting. **
University of Georgia Press The University of Georgia Press or UGA Press is the university press of the University of Georgia, a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Athens, Georgia. It is the oldest and largest publishing house in Georgia and a me ...
established. * 1940 - Population: 20,650. * 1948 -
Georgia Museum of Art Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...
opens. * 1949 - State Farmers Market established near Athens. * 1954 - Prince Avenue Drive-In cinema in business. * 1958 - Athens Area Vocational-Technical School founded. * 1959 - Athens Historical Society organized. * 1963 - Beechwood Shopping Center in business. * 1965 - ''Daily News'' in publication. * 1971 - Clarke Central High School opens. * 1976 ** Athens Transit bus begins operating. ** The B-52's musical group formed. * 1977 - Georgia Theatre in business. * 1979 - Pylon musical group begins performing. * 1980 ** Georgia Square Mall in business. ** R.E.M. musical group formed. * 1987 - Athens-Clarke County Correctional Institution built. * 1990 - Population: 45,734. * 1991 - Governments of Athens and Clarke County consolidate. * 1992 - Athens-Clarke County Library's Heritage Room (for local history) established. * 1996 - Part of
1996 Summer Olympics The 1996 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXVI Olympiad, also known as Atlanta 1996 and commonly referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games) were an international multi-sport event held from July 19 to August 4, 1996, in Atlanta, ...
takes place in Athens. * 2000 ** City-county website online (approximate date). ** Population: 100,266. * 2001 ** Athens Institute for Contemporary Art founded. ** '' Athens Banner-Herald'' newspaper in publication. * 2007 - Paul Broun becomes U.S. representative for Georgia's 10th congressional district. * 2010 - Population: 115,452. * 2011 - Nancy Denson becomes mayor. * 2015 - Jody Hice becomes U.S. representative for Georgia's 10th congressional district. * 2019 - Kelly Girtz becomes mayor.


Geography

According to the
United States Census Bureau The United States Census Bureau, officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the Federal statistical system, U.S. federal statistical system, responsible for producing data about the American people and American economy, econ ...
, the balance has a total area of , of which is land and (0.41%) is water. Athens lies within the
humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between ...
zone, with hot, humid summers and mild to moderately cold winters. Annual rainfall averages . Light to moderate sporadic snowfall occasionally can occur in winter. In the spring, sporadic
thunderstorm A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm or a lightning storm, is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustics, acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder. Relatively weak thunderstorm ...
s can occasionally become severe, rarely producing
tornado A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with the surface of Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. It is often referred to as a twister, whirlwind or cyclone, although the ...
es. The city sits on a series of hills, unique to the Piedmont region.


Climate

Athens has a
humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between ...
. Its climatic regime is typical of that of the
Southeastern United States The Southeastern United States, also known as the American Southeast or simply the Southeast, is a geographical List of regions in the United States, region of the United States located in the eastern portion of the Southern United States and t ...
, with hot summers transitioning into cool winters, with precipitation consistently high throughout the year. Normal monthly temperatures range from in January to in July; on average, maxima reach or higher and stay below on 58 and 5.8 days annually, and there are 48 days annually with a minimum at or below freezing. Official record temperatures range from on January 21, 1985 to on June 29, 2012; the record cold daily maximum is on January 30, 1966, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is as recently as August 11, 2007. Temperatures rarely fall below , having last occurred January 7, 2014. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 5 to March 24, allowing a growing season of 225 days. Precipitation is relatively well spread (though the summer months are slightly wetter), and averages annually, but has historically ranged from in 1954 to in 1964. Snowfall is sporadic, averaging per winter, but has reached in 2010–2011.


Demographics

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 127,315 people, 51,640 households, and 23,615 families residing in the city. As of the
census A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given Statistical population, population, usually displayed in the form of stati ...
of 2010, there were 100,266 people, 39,239 households, and 19,344 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 41,633 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 64.71%
White White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) reflect and scatter all the visible wa ...
, 27.37%
Black Black is a color that results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without chroma, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness.Eva Heller, ''P ...
or
African American African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from an ...
, 0.21% Native American, 3.15% Asian, 0.04%
Pacific Islander Pacific Islanders, Pasifika, Pasefika, Pacificans, or rarely Pacificers are the peoples of the list of islands in the Pacific Ocean, Pacific Islands. As an ethnic group, ethnic/race (human categorization), racial term, it is used to describe th ...
, 3.11% from other races, and 1.41% from two or more races.
Hispanic The term Hispanic () are people, Spanish culture, cultures, or countries related to Spain, the Spanish language, or broadly. In some contexts, Hispanic and Latino Americans, especially within the United States, "Hispanic" is used as an Ethnici ...
or Latino of any race were 6.39% of the population. The large population increase from 1990 to 2000 reflects the city's expanded boundaries that came with the consolidation of Athens and Clarke County, and not merely an influx of new residents. Since that time the population has increased an average of 12.7% every ten years. There were 39,239 households, of which 22.3% had children under 18 living with them, 32.3% were
married couples Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognised union between people called spouses. It establishes rights and obligations between them, as well as between them and their children (if any), and b ...
living together, 13.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.7% were non-families. 29.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.95. In the city, 17.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 31.6% was from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 15.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.0% was 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $28,118, and the median income for a family was $41,407. Males had a median income of $30,359 versus $23,039 for females. The per capita income for the balance was $17,103. About 15.0% of families and 28.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.2% of those under age 18 and 13.5% of those age 65 or over.


Government

In 1990, the City of Athens and Clarke County voters voted to unify their governments, becoming only the second unified government in Georgia and the 28th nationwide. *Legislative: Th
government
is headed by an electe
mayor
and 10 electe
commissioners
from 10 equally divided districts. Previously, they have been formed from 8 geographical districts and two super-districts covering districts 1–4 and 5–8 *Executive: The Unified Government of Athens-Clarke County's day-to-day operations is overseen by a manager appointed by the Mayor and Commission. There are 24 main departments, divisions, and offices under the managerial group. *Judicial: Athens-Clarke County houses Magistrate, Juvenile, Municipal, Probate, State, and Georgia Superior Courts, Superior Courts. Superior Court covers the Western Judicial Circuit, which also includes Oconee County, Georgia, Oconee County.


Law

The Athens-Clarke County Police Department (ACCPD) was formed by the merger of the law enforcement agencies of the City of Athens and Clarke County. , Jerry Saulters was sworn in as the new Chief of Police. ACCPD is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) and was named a "Gold Standard Agency" in 2013. ACCPD's 911 Communications Center is also CALEA certified and has reached "Gold Standard" status. ACCPD is also the first law enforcement agency certified by the Georgia (U.S. state), State of Georgia.


Economy


Businesses

Athens is home to a growing number of young technology companies including Docebo, Roundsphere, and Cogent Education. The city is also home to more established technology companies such as Partner Software, Peachtree Medical Billing, and Digital Insight. Athens is home to several pharmaceutical manufacturing and biotechnology companies such as Boehringer-Ingelheim and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The University of Georgia also hosts its own biotechnology research centers mostly from the lower east side of town bordering Oconee county. In May 2020, RWDC Industries, a company that develops alternatives to single-use plastics, announced its plan to invest $260 million into the city and the surrounding area and acquire an existing 400,000-square-foot facility. Independent publisher Hill Street Press is headquartered here. Authors with previous, or current, residence in the city include Pulitzer Prize winners Deborah Blum and Edward Larson, as well as Judith Ortiz Cofer, Reginald McKnight, Coleman Barks, and Jon Jefferson. Athens' music industry has also continued to grow as Tweed Recording acquired an 11,000-square-foot facility in downtown Athens to house their new recording studio, academy, and community space.


Tourism

Each spring, there are bicycle races collectively known as the Twilight Series. One of these races is the Athens Twilight Criterium.


Competitiveness

In 2010, the average household rent in Athens was $962. The national average was $1,087. Of the Athens population 25 years of age or older, 39.3% have earned a bachelor's degree or higher.


Arts and culture

The
Georgia Museum of Art Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...
at the University of Georgia has been, since 1982, the official state art museum. Culture coexists with the university students in creating an art scene, music scene, and intellectual environment. The city has music venues, restaurants, bars, and coffee shops that cater to its creative climate.


Points of interest

* One of the remaining two double-barreled cannons produced during the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
is located in Athens. * The "Tree That Owns Itself", which is now an offspring of the original tree * The
Georgia Museum of Art Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...
, the official state museum of art, at the University of Georgia * The State Botanical Garden of Georgia at the University of Georgia * The University of Georgia Campus Arboretum, University of Georgia Campus & Arboretum * St. Mary's Episcopal Church (Athens, Georgia), St. Mary's Church steeple, all that remains of the site of the first show by what became R.E.M. * The Globe bar was voted by ''Esquire (magazine), Esquire'' magazine as the bar ranked third highest in America in 2007 * Founded in 1955, Allen's (restaurant), Allen's was Athens' oldest bar and grill despite closing in 2004, re-opening in 2007, and closing again in November 2011 * Sandy Creek Park *Memorial Park (Athens, Georgia), Memorial Park


Music

The music of Athens, Georgia, includes a wide variety of popular music and was an important part of the early evolution of
alternative rock Alternative rock (also known as alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative) is a category of rock music that evolved from the independent music underground of the 1970s. Alternative rock acts achieved mainstream success in the 1990s w ...
and New wave music, new wave. The city is well known as the home of chart-topping bands like R.E.M. and The B-52s, and several long-time indie rock hip-hop groups. The Athens music scene grew in the early 1970s and later during the 1980s with the Georgia Theatre and 40 Watt Club as the aforementioned bands scored breakout hits. Other notable bands were
Widespread Panic Widespread Panic is an American rock band from Athens, Georgia. The current lineup includes guitarist/singer John Bell (musician), John Bell, bassist Dave Schools, drummer Duane Trucks, percussionist Domingo "Sunny" Ortiz, keyboardist John "JoJ ...
, Dreams So Real, Indigo Girls, Vigilantes of Love, Matthew Sweet, The Method Actors, Love Tractor, Pylon, Flat Duo Jets, The Primates, Modern Skirts, The Whigs (band), The Whigs, Squalls, Drive-by Truckers, Futurebirds, Bloodkin, Randall Bramblett, Vic Chesnutt, Tishamingo, Bubba Sparxxx, Dead Confederate, Corey Smith (musician), Corey Smith, and Humble Plum. In his insider book, ''Party Out of Bounds: The B-52's, R.E.M., and the Kids Who Rocked Athens,'' Rodger Lyle Brown described the indie rock scene in Athens. National acts that have come out of Athens include: The Whigs (band), The Whigs, Reptar (band), Reptar, Danger Mouse (music producer), Danger Mouse, Dreams So Real, Nana Grizol, Jucifer, Servotron, Vic Chesnutt, Drive-By Truckers, Elf Power, Neutral Milk Hotel, Lera Lynn, The Sunshine Fix, Colt Ford, Brantley Gilbert, Harvey Milk, The Olivia Tremor Control,
of Montreal of Montreal is an American indie pop band from Athens, Georgia. It was founded by frontperson Kevin Barnes in 1996, named after a failed romance between Barnes and a woman "of Montreal". The band is identified as part of the Elephant 6 collec ...
,
Widespread Panic Widespread Panic is an American rock band from Athens, Georgia. The current lineup includes guitarist/singer John Bell (musician), John Bell, bassist Dave Schools, drummer Duane Trucks, percussionist Domingo "Sunny" Ortiz, keyboardist John "JoJ ...
, Perpetual Groove, Five Eight (band), Five Eight, Dead Confederate, Thayer Sarrano, Jet by Day, Mothers (band), Mothers, and Humble Plum. R.E.M. members Michael Stipe, Mike Mills and Peter Buck still maintain residences in Athens. The photo book ''Athens Potluck'', by Jason Thrasher, documents the town's musical legacy. In September 2020, the city launched the Athens Music Walk of Fame. The public art walk spans a two-city blocks loop around West Washington and Clayton Streets connected by North Lumpkin Street. Guitar pick plaques were laid on the sidewalk in front of significant music venues like the Georgia Theatre, the 40 Watt Club, and the Morton Theatre. The first round of inductees included The B-52s, Danger Mouse, Drive-By Truckers, Elephant 6, The Elephant 6 Recording Company, Hall Johnson, Neal Pattman, Pylon, R.E.M., Vic Chesnutt, and Widespread Panic.


Athfest

AthFest is a free annual music festival, music and arts festival, first held in 1997. The festival spans three days in the downtown area during the summer, and planning for the event begins in November. The first Athens Music Festival (Athfest) was organized by the Athens Convention and Visitors Bureau (ACVB) and the Athens Downtown Development Authority (ADDA). Jared Bailey was hired to manage the event. In 2009, AthFest became the 501(c)3 non-profit AthFest Educates, which seeks to advance high-quality music and arts education for local youth and the Athens community through direct support of school and community-based programs and events, including an annual music and arts festival. In 2010, AthFest Educates started the annual AthHalf Half Marathon as an additional fundraiser. The 2020 event, the 24th year of the festival, had been deferred to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the first time in 23 years that the festival was cancelled. However, in September 2021, the festival was cancelled again for the second year in a row due to continuing concerns of public health from the pandemic.


Education


Clarke County School District

The Clarke County School District supports grades pre-school to grade twelve. The district consists of fourteen elementary schools, four middle schools, and three high schools (one non-traditional). The district has 791 full-time teachers and 11,457 students .


Private schools

* Athens Academy (school), Athens Academy (grades K-12) *Athens Christian School (grades K-12) * Athens Montessori School (grades K-8) * Downtown Academy (grades K-3)
Joy Village School
(grades K-8) * Saint Joseph Catholic School (grades K-8) * Monsignor Donovan Catholic High School (grades 9–12) * Double Helix STEAM School (grades 5–8) * Al Huda Islamic Center of Athens Sunday School (5 years and older)


Colleges and universities

* The
University of Georgia The University of Georgia (UGA or Georgia) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university with its main campus in Athens, Georgia, United States. Chartered in 1785, it is the oldest public university in th ...
(UGA), an List of research universities in the United States#Universities classified as "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity, R1 Doctoral University with very high research activity, is the state's Flagship#Colleges and universities in the United States, flagship research university, the oldest institution of higher learning in Georgia and, founded in 1785, it is the Oldest public university in the United States, first state-chartered university in the United States. * Athens Technical College is a Technical College System of Georgia public college. It offers certificates, diplomas, and associate degrees in business, health, technical, and manufacturing-related fields. * Augusta University (AU) through its Medical College of Georgia has
Medical Partnership
with the University of Georgia housed at the University of Georgia Health Science Campus, and the AU College of Nursing has had a campus in Athens since 1974. * Piedmont University, a private liberal arts institution, established a campus in Athens in 1995 that now is on Prince Avenue in the Normaltown neighborhood. * College of Athens (CoA) is a private Christian college that was established in 2012. CoA currently offers certificates, undergraduate, and graduate degrees in nine various major areas.


Media


Newspapers

The '' Athens Banner-Herald'' publishes daily. UGA has an independent weekly newspaper, ''The Red & Black (University of Georgia), The Red & Black''. ''Flagpole Magazine'' is an alternative newspaper publishing weekly. ''Classic City News'' is a not-for-profit local news source.


Radio and television

Local radio stations include: * WPLP-LP Bulldog 93.3 FM is Athens' locally owned and operated adult album alternative station * WPUP 100.1 FM, Athens top 40 station featuring all of today's hits. Owned by Cox Radio * WMSL 88.9 FM, a Christian radio, religious station featuring traditional Christian music and teaching * WUOG 90.5 FM, UGA's student-run radio station * WUGA (FM), WUGA 91.7 and 94.5 FM, an affiliate of Georgia Public Broadcasting and National Public Radio also broadcasting from the UGA campus * WPPP-LP 100.7 FM (Hot 100), a low-power, non-commercial alternative/progressive rock station * WRFC (AM) 960 AM, ESPN Radio (formerly Athens' local Top 40 music station during the 1960s and 1970s). Owned by Cox Radio. * WGAU 1340 AM, news and talk radio, talk. Owned by Cox Radio. * WXAG 1470 AM, urban gospel music Athens is part of the Atlanta television market. Two Atlanta-market television stations, WGTV (channel 8) and WUVG (channel 34), are licensed to Athens, though their transmitters are in the Atlanta metropolitan area. WGTV broadcasts from the top of Stone Mountain. From 2009 until 2015, UGA operated a television station, WUGA-TV (formerly WNEG-TV) from studios on the UGA campus, but maintained its transmitter near Toccoa, Georgia, Toccoa, its city of license; what is now WGTA (TV), WGTA has since moved its studios back to Toccoa after being sold by UGA. Amateur radio has a long history in Athens. The Athens Radio Club 2-meter repeater operates on 145.330 MHz with a (-) offset and a PL tone of 123.0/123.0. Its antenna is located at 390’ AGL on a tower in the northern part of the city. The Athens Radio Club is affiliated with the American Radio Relay League and sponsors four community events each year.


In popular culture

The 1940 film ''The Green Hand'' was shot in Athens, using local townspeople and students and faculty from the
University of Georgia The University of Georgia (UGA or Georgia) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university with its main campus in Athens, Georgia, United States. Chartered in 1785, it is the oldest public university in th ...
as its cast. The film had its premiere in Athens in January 1940, at an event attended by Governor Eurith D. Rivers. The 1980 TV series ''Breaking Away (TV series), Breaking Away'' was filmed in Athens. The movie ''Darius Goes West'' was shot in Athens. In 2000, the fictional Ithaca University scenes in ''Road Trip (2000 film), Road Trip'' were filmed on the North Campus of the University of Georgia. In 2012, ''Trouble with the Curve'' was partially filmed at The Globe in downtown Athens. In the same year, ''The Spectacular Now'' was filmed entirely in Athens and the surrounding area.


Infrastructure


Transportation


Highways

The city is the focus of U.S. Highways U.S. Highway 29 in Georgia, U.S. Route 29 (US 29), U.S. Highway 78 in Georgia, US 78, U.S. Highway 129 in Georgia, US 129, U.S. Highway 441 in Georgia, US 441, and Georgia State Route 72 (SR 72), and near the eastern terminus of Georgia State Route 316, SR 316 and the southern terminus of Georgia State Route 106, SR 106. Other state routes in Athens are Georgia State Route 8, SR 8 and Georgia State Route 15, SR 15, which follow US 29 and US 441 respectively, Georgia State Route 10, SR 10 which follows US 78 east and west of Athens but deviates to U.S. Route 78 Business (Athens, Georgia), US 78 Bus. to go through Athens, and Georgia State Route 15 Alternate (Athens–Commerce), SR 15 Alt. which starts at the Georgia State Route 10 Loop (Athens), SR 10 Loop interchange at Milledge Avenue and follows Milledge and Prince Avenues to US 129 which it follows to the north. The SR 10 Loop serves as a Limited-access road, limited-access perimeter. The city is bisected east to west by Broad Street/Atlanta Highway (US 78 Bus. and SR 10) and north to south by Milledge Avenue (SR 15 Alt.). Lumpkin Street, Prince Avenue (SR 15 Alt.), North Avenue, and Oconee Street (US 78 Bus.) along with Broad Street are major thoroughfares radiating from Downtown (Athens), downtown. College Station Road and Gaines School Road are major thoroughfares on the east side of Athens, along with US 78 east (Lexington Road). On the west side, most major thoroughfares intersect US 78 Bus. (Broad Street/Atlanta Highway), including Alps Road/Hawthorne Avenue, Epps Bridge Parkway, and Timothy Road/Mitchell Bridge Road.


Airports

Athens-Ben Epps Airport (FAA code AHN) has been operational since 1917. It is east of downtown outside Georgia State Route 10 Loop (Athens), Georgia State Route 10 Loop and north of US Route 78. As of 2025 it has no scheduled airline service, but was last served by SeaPort Airlines to Nashville International Airport, Nashville in 2014. Athens' airport would qualify for air service to be provided under the Essential Air Service (EAS) provisions, but failed to meet the minimum daily passenger threshold of ten per day. Georgia Skies and Wings Air provided commercial air service to Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Atlanta. US Airways flights operated by Air Midwest provided service to Charlotte Douglas International Airport, Charlotte unitl 2008. Atlanta is the primary point of departure and arrival for Athenians due to the relative lack of air service to Athens.


Alternative transportation

Athens encourages the use of alternative transportation. Bike lanes are provided on major thoroughfares. A rail-to-trail redevelopment is being considered to connect Downtown (Athens), Downtown with the East Side. Organizations such as BikeAthens support and encourage biking. Skateboarding and small scooters are also common sights around the UGA campus and Downtown. The Georgia Hi–Lo Trail, established in 2024, will connect Athens to Savannah, Georgia, when completed.


Public transit

Athens Transit provides fare-free, intracity transit seven days per week. UGA Campus Transit provides fare-free transit around the
University of Georgia The University of Georgia (UGA or Georgia) is a Public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university with its main campus in Athens, Georgia, United States. Chartered in 1785, it is the oldest public university in th ...
campus, Milledge Avenue and Prince Avenue on the way to UGA's newest campus, the Health Sciences Campus. Southeastern Stages, a subsidiary of Greyhound Lines, provides intercity bus services. Low cost curbside bus service to Atlanta and Charlotte is also provided by Megabus (North America), Megabus.


Rail

Athens has no direct passenger rail service; the closest Amtrak stations are in Peachtree Station, Atlanta, Gainesville, Georgia (Amtrak station), Gainesville, and Toccoa (Amtrak station), Toccoa. Until the 1950s and 1960s the Seaboard Air Line Railroad's daily ''Cotton Blossom'' (ended, 1955), Washington - Atlanta, ''Silver Comet (train), Silver Comet'', New York - Birmingham and ''Tidewater'' (ended, 1968), Norfolk - Birmingham service made stops at the SAL's Athens depot at College Avenue and Ware Street, north of downtown. Train service to Athens ended with the last run of the ''Silver Comet'' in 1969. Until the early 1950s, the Southern Railway (U.S.), Southern Railway ran a passenger service to Lula, Georgia, Lula on the Southern's main line northeast of Gainesville. Into the same period, the Central Railroad of Georgia ran mixed passenger and freight trains south to Macon's Terminal Station (Macon, Georgia), Terminal Station. Passenger service is proposed to return to Athens via a proposed route of the Charlotte, North Carolina, Charlotte to
Atlanta Atlanta ( ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state), most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. It is the county seat, seat of Fulton County, Georg ...
segment of the Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor. The alignment with a proposed station stop in Athens was chosen as this segment's preferred alternative on September 30, 2020. Freight service is provided by CSX and Athens Line, the latter having leased tracks from Norfolk Southern. The Georgia Department of Transportation has proposed the city as the terminus of a commuter line that links
Atlanta Atlanta ( ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state), most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia. It is the county seat, seat of Fulton County, Georg ...
and Gwinnett County along the Georgia 316 corridor.


Utilities

Electric service in Athens-Clarke is provided by three customer-owned electric cooperatives, Walton EMC, Rayle EMC, and Jackson Electric Membership Corporation, Jackson EMC, as well as by Georgia Power, a subsidiary of Southern Company. The water utility is provided by the city. Garbage is provided by private companies according to customer purchase, though the city does offer municipal garbage pick up as a service. Natural gas is supplied by Atlanta Gas Light through various marketers within the deregulated market.


Healthcare

Athens is served by two major hospitals, the 359-bed Piedmont Athens Regional and the 170-bed St. Mary's Hospital. The city is also served by the smaller 42-bed Landmark Hospital of Athens. Piedmont Athens Regional was formerly Athens Regional Medical Center before being acquired by Piedmont Healthcare in 2016. In March 2018, Piedmont Healthcare announced a $171 million capital investment project for Piedmont Athens Regional which would include the addition of a fourth story to the Prince 2 building as well as the demolition of the 100-year-old 1919 Tower to make space for a new, state of the art, seven-story tower. The entire project is slated for 2022 completion. St. Mary's Hospital was founded in 1906 and became a Catholic hospital in 1938. The hospital became St. Mary's Health Care System in 1993. Today, St. Mary's is part of Trinity Health (Livonia, Michigan), Trinity Health, one of the nation's largest non-profit Catholic healthcare systems that includes 93 hospitals in 26 states and includes St. Mary's Hospital in Athens, nearby 56-bed St. Mary's Sacred Heart Hospital in Lavonia, Ga., and 25-bed St. Mary's Good Samaritan Hospital in Greensboro, Ga.


Sister cities

The City of Athens maintains trade development programs, cultural, and educational partnerships in a Twin towns and sister cities, twinning agreement with Bucharest, Romania.


Notable people


References


Bibliography

;Published in 19th century * * * ;Published in 20th century * (Reprinted in 1978 with additions) * * * * * * * James K. Reap, Athens: A Pictorial History (Virginia Beach, Va.: Donning Communications, 1982). * 1996- * ;Published in 21st century * * * * *


External links


Athens-Clarke city/county government official site

Athens profile
Georgia Encyclopedia
Antebellum Athens and Clarke County, Georgia
by Ernest C. Hynds in th
Digital Library of Georgia

Athens Historical Society
* *
Ferrier, L. (2020, January 11). Why Athens, GA Deserves a Spot on Your Getaway Bucket List.
{{Authority control Athens, Georgia, Athens – Clarke County metropolitan area Cities in Georgia (U.S. state) Consolidated city-counties County seats in Georgia (U.S. state) Populated places established in 1806 Cities in Clarke County, Georgia 1806 establishments in the United States 1800s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)