Assistens Cemetery ( Danish: Assistens Kirkegård) in

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the Urban area of Copenhagen, urban area. The city is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager, separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the ...

Denmark Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...

, is the burial site of many Danish notables as well as an important greenspace in the

Nørrebro Nørrebro (, ) is one of the 10 official districts of Copenhagen Municipality, Denmark. It is northwest of the city centre, beyond the location of the old Northern Gate (''Nørreport''), which, until dismantled in 1856, was near the current N ...

district. Inaugurated in 1760, it was originally a burial site for the poor laid out to relieve the crowded graveyards inside the walled city, but during the

Golden Age The term Golden Age comes from Greek mythology, particularly the ''Works and Days'' of Hesiod, and is part of the description of temporal decline of the state of peoples through five Ages of Man, Ages, Gold being the first and the one during wh ...

in the first half of the 19th century it became fashionable and many leading figures of the epoch, such as

Hans Christian Andersen Hans Christian Andersen ( , ; 2 April 1805 – 4 August 1875) was a Danish author. Although a prolific writer of plays, travelogue (literature), travelogues, novels, and poems, he is best remembered for his literary fairy tales. Andersen's fai ...

Søren Kierkegaard Søren Aabye Kierkegaard ( , ; ; 5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a Danes, Danish theologian, philosopher, poet, social critic, and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher. He wrote critical tex ...

Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg (2 January 1783 – 22 July 1853) was a Danish painter. He was born in Blåkrog in the Duchy of Schleswig (now in Aabenraa Municipality, in the southern part of Jutland in Denmark). He went on to lay the foun ...

, and

Christen Købke Christen Schiellerup Købke (26 May 1810 – 7 February 1848) was a Danish painter, and one of the best-known artists from the Golden Age of Danish Painting. Childhood and early training He was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was one of 11 ...

are all buried here. Late in the 19th century, as Assistens Cemetery had itself become crowded, a number of new cemeteries were established around Copenhagen, including

Vestre Cemetery Vestre Cemetery (, meaning "Western Cemetery") is located in a large park setting in the Kongens Enghave district of Copenhagen, Denmark. With its 54 hectares it is the largest cemetery in Denmark. The cemetery is landscaped and serves as an imp ...

, but through the 20th century, it continued to attract notable people. Among the latter are the

Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...

-winning physicist

Niels Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr (, ; ; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish theoretical physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and old quantum theory, quantum theory, for which he received the No ...

and a number of

America The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

n jazz musicians who settled in Copenhagen during the 1950s and 1960s, including

Ben Webster Benjamin Francis Webster (March 27, 1909 – September 20, 1973) was an American jazz tenor Saxophone, saxophonist. He performed in the United States and Europe and made many recordings with Duke Ellington, Billie Holiday, Johnny Hodges, a ...

and

Kenny Drew Kenneth Sidney "Kenny" Drew (August 28, 1928 – August 4, 1993) was an American-Danish jazz pianist. Biography Drew was born on August 28, 1928, in New York City, United States, and he received piano lessons from the age of five. Feather, ...

. An ''assistenskirkegård'' (meaning "assistance cemetery") is originally a generic term in Danish, used to refer to cemeteries which were laid out to assist existing burial sites, usually those located in urban settings in connection with churches, and therefore a number of cemeteries by the same name are found around Denmark. The cemetery is one of five run by

Copenhagen Municipality Copenhagen Municipality (), also known in English language, English as the Municipality of Copenhagen, located in the Capital Region of Denmark, is the largest of the four municipalities that constitute the City of Copenhagen (), the other three ...

; the other cemeteries are

, Brønshøj Cemetery, Sundby Cemetery, and

Bispebjerg Cemetery Bispebjerg Cemetery ( Danish: Bispebjerg Kirkegård), established in 1903 on the moderately graded north slope of Bispebjerg Hill, is the newest of five municipal cemeteries in Copenhagen, Denmark. The main entrance to the cemetery is located ne ...

History

Background

In medieval times intramural interment was the rule although outdoor graveyards gradually became more common. In 1666 the

Naval A navy, naval force, military maritime fleet, war navy, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operatio ...

Holmen Cemetery Holmen Cemetery ( Danish: Holmens Kirkegård) is the oldest cemetery still in use in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was first located next to the naval Church of Holmen in the city centre but relocated to its current site on Dag Hammarskjölds Allé in ...

was moved from its original location at

Holmen Church The Holmen Church () is a Parish church in central Copenhagen in Denmark, on the street called Holmens Kanal. First built as an anchor forge in 1563, it was converted into a naval church by Christian IV. It is famous for having hosted the wedd ...

to a site outside the Eastern City Gate as the first burial facility to be located outside the city. An outbreak of plague in 1711 which killed an estimated 23,000 citizens put the existing burial sites under so much pressure that up to five coffins were sometimes buried on top of each other. This led to the establishment of five new cemeteries on the periphery of the city, but just inside the city walls, while the military Garrison Cemetery was relocated to a site next to that of Holmen Cemetery.

Establishment of the new cemetery

In the 1750s the situation deteriorated even further and in a letter of 2 May 1757 the City Council proposed to the Chancellery that a large new cemetery be built for the city's parishes outside the city walls. After some negotiations it was decided to place it outside the Northern City Gate and on 26 May 1757 the new facility was founded by Royal charter. The new cemetery was inaugurated on 6 November 1760. It was enclosed by a wall built by

Philip de Lange Philip de Lange (c. 1705 – 17 September 1766) was a leading Dutch-Danish architect who designed many different types of building in various styles including Dutch Baroque and Rococo. Early life and family Philip de Lange was probably born ...

. Originally the cemetery was intended as a burial ground for paupers. In 1785 an affluent citizen, astronomic writer and First Secretary of the War Chancellery

Johan Samuel Augustin Johan Samuel Augustin (March 31, 1715April 26, 1785) was a German- Danish astronomical writer and civil servant. Life Johan Samuel Augustin was born in Oldenswort in Eiderstedt to an old Frisian family. When he was 2 years old his father, Joh ...

, made specific requests to be interred at the cemetery, in his codicil stating that "''Mein Begräbnis soll auf dem Armen-Kirchhofe vor dem Norderthor seyn, wesfalls ich sehon mit Mr. Simon, der dort Gräber ist, gesprochen habe''". He was soon followed by other leading figures from the elite and the cemetery soon developed into the most fashionable burial ground of the city.

A popular excursion spot

Around that time, excursions to the cemetery with picnic baskets and tea became a popular activity among common citizens of Copenhagen. In his account of a visit to Copenhagen in 1827, the Swedish poet Karl August Nicander fondly remembers Assistens Cemetery: The excursions sometimes evolved into rowdy gatherings and legislation was passed to prevent this. A commission established in 1805 issued instructions which prohibited the consumption of food or drink as well as music or any other kind of cheerful behaviour in the cemetery. The

gravedigger A gravedigger is a cemetery worker who is responsible for digging a grave prior to a funeral service. Gravediggers have historically often been members of the church, though in modern secular cemeteries, they may be temporary or full-time staf ...

s, who lived on the premises, were to enforce these restrictions but they seem to have taken their duties lightly. Legislation from 1813 prohibited them to sell alcohol to visitors to the cemetery. Despite all these efforts, the desired peace and quiet was a long time in coming. For particularly grand funerals, crowds of spectators would gather, and people would

festoon A festoon (from French ''feston'', Italian ''festone'', from a Late Latin ''festo'', originally a festal garland, Latin ''festum'', feast) is a wreath or garland hanging from two points, and in architecture typically a carved ornament depicti ...

the cemetery walls to get a better view. To reduce numbers of visitors, there was talk of introducing admission fees, but this was never carried out.

Assistens Cemetery today

The cemetery is still serving its original purpose as a burial ground but is also a popular

tourist attraction A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure and amusement. Types Places of natural beaut ...

, as well as the largest and most important green space in the inner part of the Nørrebro district. It is divided into sections. The oldest part is Section A and features the graves of

and the painter

among others. Section D is dedicated to religious minorities, containing

Roman Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institut ...

and

Reformed Reform is beneficial change. Reform, reformed or reforming may also refer to: Media * ''Reform'' (album), a 2011 album by Jane Zhang * Reform (band), a Swedish jazz fusion group * ''Reform'' (magazine), a Christian magazine Places * Reform, Al ...

graves as well as

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

n graves. Section E is the section which originally served under Church of Our Lady.

Herman Stilling Museum

In 2003 an old horse stable in a corner of Assistens Cemetery was converted into a small museum dedicated to writer and artist Herman Stilling, a native to the Nørrebro area and mainly known for painting trolls. Apart from the permanent exhibition, the museum also contains an exhibition space for special exhibitions, a picture workshop for children and young people, and a café.

Notable interments

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(buried at the Collin family grave, but the stone was moved to another graveyard in 1914,

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) *

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Clara Schønfeld Clara Schønfeld (born Clara Julie Christensen; 26 August 1856 – 5 May 1938) was a Danish stage and film actress whose career spanned from the late 19th century through the 1920s. Career Born Clara Julie Christensen in Roskilde, Zealand, she w ...

* Emmy Schønfeld * Giuseppe Siboni *

Joakim Skovgaard Joakim Frederik Skovgaard (18 November 1856 – 9 March 1933) was a Danish painter. He is remembered above all for the frescos which decorate Viborg Cathedral. Biography Born in Copenhagen, from an early age he was trained in drawing and paintin ...

* P.C. Skovgaard * Caspar Wilhelm Smith * Per Sonne * Petrine Sonne * Andreas Schack Steenberg *

Japetus Steenstrup Johannes Japetus Smith Steenstrup FRS(For) HFRSE (8 March 1813 – 20 June 1897) was a Danish zoologist, biologist, and professor. Life Born in Vang, Thy on 8 March 1813, he held a lectorate in mineralogy in Sorø until 1845 when he became a ...

* Johannes Steenstrup * Ernst Wilhelm Stibolt *

Johanne Stockmarr Johanne Amalie Stockmarr (1869–1944) was a Danish pianist who was recognized for her virtuosity in Denmark, United Kingdom, Britain, Germany, Sweden and Norway, receiving several awards. One of her most notable concerts was in 1906 in London whe ...

* Edvard Storm * Michael Strunge * Holger Strøm *

Theodor Stuckenberg Theodor is a masculine given name. It is a German form of Theodore. It is also a variant of Teodor. List of people with the given name Theodor * Theodor Adorno, (1903–1969), German philosopher * Theodor Aman, Romanian painter * Theodor Blueger ...

Viggo Stuckenberg Viggo Henrik Fog Stuckenberg (17 September 1863 – 6 December 1905) was a Danish poet, notable for his lyrical and emotional poems. His work varied from faithful representation of nature in his early career to Expressionism and Realism. He be ...

* Christian Sørensen * Jazz-Kay Sørensen *

Søren Sørensen Søren Larsen Sørensen (20 April 1897 in Drigstrup, Denmark – 11 March 1965 in Malling, Denmark) was a Danish gymnast who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics The 1920 Summer Olympics (; ; ), officially known as the Games of the VII O ...

* Theodor Sørensen *

Thorvald Sørensen Thorvald (Thorwald) Julius Sørensen (4 July 1902 – 21 June 1973) was a Danish botanist and evolutionary biologist. Biography Sørensen was professor at the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University 1953–1955 and at the University of C ...

* C.A.F. Thomsen * Emma Thomsen * Magdalene Thoresen *

Jens Jørgen Thorsen Jens Jørgen Thorsen (2 February 1932 Holstebro – 15 November 2000) was a Danish artist, director, and jazz musician whose works sometimes created controversy. Thorsen began his artistic career attending periodically the Royal Danish Academy ...

* Johan Clemens Tode * Vilhelm Topsøe * Dan Turèll *

Vilhelm Tvede Frederik Vilhelm Tvede (13 May 1826 – 27 November 1891) was a Danish architect. Biography Tvede was born in the parish of Trinitatis Church, Trinitatis in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was the son of Johan Frederik Tvede and Christine f. Norup. He ...

* August Tørsleff * Nils Ufer *

Georg Ulmer Georg Ulmer (5 March 1877, in Hamburg – 15 January 1963, in Hamburg) was a German entomologist who specialized in research of Trichoptera (caddisflies) and Ephemeroptera (mayflies). In 1899 he qualified as an instructor, and up until 1934 h ...

* Georges Ulmer * Moritz Unna *

Jens Vahl Jens Laurentius Moestue Vahl (27 November 1796 – 12 November 1854) was a Danish botanist and pharmacist. Biography He was son of the Danish- Norwegian botanist and zoologist Martin Vahl (1749-1804). Jens Vahl graduated as a pharmacist in 1819 ...

* Martin Vahl (1749-1804) * Martin Vahl (1869-1946) * Mogens Vantore * Frederik Vermehren * Martha Wærn (17411812). philanthropist * Morten Wærn * Gregers Wad *

Eugen Warming Johannes Eugenius Bülow Warming (3 November 1841 – 2 April 1924), known as Eugen Warming, was a Danish botanist and a main founding figure of the scientific discipline of ecology. Warming wrote the first textbook (1895) on plant ecology, tau ...

* Jens Warming *

* Carl Weitemeyer * Clemens Weller *

Caspar Wessel Caspar Wessel (8 June 1745 – 25 March 1818) was a Danish– Norwegian mathematician and cartographer. In 1799, Wessel was the first person to describe the geometrical interpretation of complex numbers as points in the complex plane and vector ...

* Edvard Westerberg *

Johannes Wiedewelt Johannes Wiedewelt (1 July 1731 – 17 December 1802), Danish neoclassical sculptor. He became a court sculptor, introducing neoclassical ideals to Denmark in the form of palace decorations, garden sculptures and artifacts and, especially, m ...

* Christian Peder Wienberg * Anton Wilhelm Wiehe * Michael Wiehe *

Charlotte Wiehe-Berény Marie Charlotte Wiehe-Berény (28 August 1865 – 4 September 1947) was a Danish actress, ballet dancer and singer. In 1940, she received the Ingenio et arti medal. Personal life and family She was born on 28 August 1865 to Emma Cathinka Hansen ...

* Carl Winsløw * Anna Wulff *

William Christopher Zeise William Christopher Zeise (15 October 1789 – 12 November 1847) was a Danish organic chemist. He is best known for synthesising one of the first organometallic compounds, named Zeise's salt in his honour. He also performed pioneering studie ...

* Otto F. Zeltner * G.C. Zinck * H.O.C. Zinck *

Josephine Zinck Josephine Amalie Zinck née Lund (1829–1919) was a Danish mezzo-soprano singer who performed in concerts at Copenhagen's Musikforeningen from the age of 18 and in operas at the Royal Danish Theatre from 1858. Biography Born in Copenhagen on 19 ...

* Ludvig Zinck * Marie Zinck * Otto Zinck *

Hans Christian Ørsted Hans Christian Ørsted (; 14 August 1777 – 9 March 1851), sometimes Transliteration, transliterated as Oersted ( ), was a Danish chemist and physicist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields. This phenomenon is known as ...

References

External links

Assistens Cemetery's website (in Danish only)

Copenhagen's cemeteries main site (in Danish only)

Folder about Assistens Cemetery in English (PDF format)
*
Chapel

CWGC: Odense (Assistens) Cemetery

{{coord, 55, 41, 28, N, 12, 32, 58, E, region:DK_type:landmark, display=title 1760 establishments in Denmark * Cemeteries established in the 18th century Cemeteries in Copenhagen Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries in Denmark Listed buildings and structures in Nørrebro Lutheran cemeteries in Denmark