An artificial waterfall is a

water feature In landscape architecture and garden design, a water feature is one or more items from a range of fountains, jeux d'eau, pools, ponds, rills, artificial waterfalls, and streams. Before the 18th century they were usually powered by gravity ...

fountain A fountain, from the Latin "fons" ( genitive "fontis"), meaning source or spring, is a decorative reservoir used for discharging water. It is also a structure that jets water into the air for a decorative or dramatic effect. Fountains were o ...

which imitates a natural

waterfall A waterfall is any point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops. Waterfalls also occur where meltwater drops over the edge of a tabular iceberg or ice shelf. Waterfalls can be formed in seve ...

. Artificial waterfalls have long been featured in traditional Japanese gardens, where they can serve to highlight a scene or to provide focus. The classic gardening manual '' Sakuteiki'', written in the mid-to-late 11th century, lists nine different types. The Cascata delle Marmore is an example of a human-made waterfall created by the ancient Romans. Artificial waterfalls were popular in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the famous waterfall in Viktoriapark in

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

.Susan C. Anderson (Editor), Bruce Tabb (Editor), ''Water, Leisure and Culture: European Historical Perspectives'', Berg Publishers, 2002, , page 122 An early American example is Huntington Waterfalls in

Golden Gate Park Golden Gate Park is an urban park between the Richmond District, San Francisco, Richmond and Sunset District, San Francisco, Sunset districts on the West Side (San Francisco), West Side of San Francisco, California, United States. It is the Lis ...

, San Francisco, California. In 1896, '' Gardening Magazine'' reported that it was the only artificial waterfall in a public park in North America. The Liebian International Plaza in

Guiyang Guiyang; Mandarin pronunciation: ; Chinese postal romanization, alternatively as Kweiyang is the capital of Guizhou, Guizhou province in China. It is centrally located within the province, on the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, eastern part of the Yun ...

, Guizhou, China has a waterfall on one face of the mixed-use skyscraper. The New York City Waterfalls (2008), a temporary public art installation by artist Olafur Eliasson, consisted of four human-made waterfalls constructed with 270 tons of exposed scaffolding.

Indoor waterfalls

Artificial waterfalls installed inside of buildings can be small or quite large. Some of the benefits of indoor waterfalls are considered to be their production of

white noise In signal processing, white noise is a random signal having equal intensity at different frequencies, giving it a constant power spectral density. The term is used with this or similar meanings in many scientific and technical disciplines, i ...

humidity Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation (meteorology), precipitation, dew, or fog t ...

, as well as naturally peaceful feelings engendered among onlookers. Two notable indoor waterfalls in the world are both located in

Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ...

; the largest indoor waterfall in Singapore is The Rain Vortex at

Jewel Changi Airport Jewel Changi Airport (also known as Jewel) is a nature-themed entertainment and retail complex surrounded by and linked to one of the passenger terminals of Changi Airport in Singapore. Its centrepiece is the world's tallest Artificial waterfal ...

(opened in 2019) whilst the second-largest indoor waterfall in Singapore is the

Cloud Forest A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest, is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, Montane forest, montane, Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, moist forest characteri ...

at Gardens by the Bay (opened in 2012).

Gallery

File:Cloud Forest, Gardens by the Bay, Singapore.jpg,

from the entrance of the site,

Gardens by the Bay The Gardens by the Bay (GBTB) is an urban park spanning in the Central Region, Singapore, Central Region of Singapore, adjacent to the Marina Reservoir. The park consists of three waterfront gardens: Bay South Garden in Marina South, Bay East ...

, Singapore File:Jewel Changi (I).jpg, The Rain Vortex at

, Singapore File:Washington zoo waterfall 2016.jpg, An artificial waterfall in an animal enclosure at the National Zoo in

Washington D.C. Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...

File:HK Central Chater Garden Pool 1.JPG, Chater Garden in Hong Kong File:Salzburg AG - Wasserfall 5.JPG, Artificial waterfall and sculpture at a transportation company in

Salzburg Salzburg is the List of cities and towns in Austria, fourth-largest city in Austria. In 2020 its population was 156,852. The city lies on the Salzach, Salzach River, near the border with Germany and at the foot of the Austrian Alps, Alps moun ...

File:IMG 2317 - Washington DC - FDR Memorial - Cherry Blossoms.JPG, FDR Memorial in

File:Reproduction Waterfall Wichita Falls.jpg, Artificial waterfall in

Wichita Falls, Texas Wichita Falls ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Wichita County, Texas, United States. It is the principal city of the Wichita Falls metropolitan area, Wichita Falls metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Archer County, Tex ...

File:New York City Waterfalls Governors Island.jpg, One of the four human-made falls in Olafur Eliasson's 2008 public art installation, '' New York City Waterfalls''

References

{{Garden features Fountains Garden features Waterfalls

Waterfall A waterfall is any point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops. Waterfalls also occur where meltwater drops over the edge of a tabular iceberg or ice shelf. Waterfalls can be formed in seve ...