The architecture of Taiwan can be traced back to stilt housing of the aborigines in

prehistoric times Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use o ...

; to the building of fortresses and churches in the north and south used to colonize and convert the inhabitants during the Dutch and

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas **Spanish cuisine **Spanish history **Spanish culture ...

period; the Tungning period when Taiwan was a base of

anti-Qing sentiment Anti-Qing sentiment () refers to a sentiment principally held in China against the rule of the Manchu people, Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912), which was criticized by opponents as being "barbaric". Already hated by the Han Chinese because o ...

and Minnan-style architecture was introduced; in

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...

period, a mix of Chinese and Western architecture appeared and

artillery battery In military organizations, an artillery battery is a unit or multiple systems of artillery, mortar systems, rocket artillery, multiple rocket launchers, surface-to-surface missiles, ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, etc., so grouped to f ...

flourished during Qing's

Self-Strengthening Movement The Self-Strengthening Movement, also known as the Westernization or Western Affairs Movement (–1895), was a period of reforms initiated during the late Qing dynasty following the military disasters of the Opium Wars and Taiping Rebellion. The ...

; During the

Japanese rule of Taiwan The Geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, together with the Penghu, Penghu Islands, became an annexed territory of the Empire of Japan in 1895, when the Qing dynasty ceded Taiwan Province, Fujian-Taiwan Province in the Treaty of Shimonoseki a ...

, the Minnan, Japanese and

Western Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that id ...

culture were main influencers in architectural designs and saw the introduction and use of

reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete, also called ferroconcrete or ferro-concrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ...

. Due to excessive Westernization as a colony, after the retrocession of Taiwan to the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

in 1945 from Japan at the end of World War II, Chinese classical style became popular and entered into international mainstream as a postmodern design style. Today, Taiwanese architecture has undergone much diversification, every style of architecture can be seen.

Prehistory (−1621)

The architecture of prehistoric Taiwan saw structures ranging from cave dwellings, stilt housing, to stone masonry. Primarily of Austronesian architecture. File:Taioldhouse.jpg, An observational painting of a stilt house of one of the

plains indigenous peoples Plains indigenous peoples, also known as Pingpu people ( zh, c=平埔族群, p=Píngpu zúqún, poj=Pêⁿ-po͘-cho̍k-kûn) and previously as plain aborigines, are Taiwanese indigenous peoples originally residing in lowland regions, as opposed ...

as depicted in Liu Shi Qi’s Taiwan Panorama Prints (六十七兩采風圖合卷). File:Mokka and their house.jpg, A stilt house of the

Truku people The Taroko people (), also known as Truku people, are an Indigenous Taiwanese people. Taroko is also the name of the area of Taiwan where the Taroko reside. The Executive Yuan, Republic of China has officially recognized the Taroko since 15 Janua ...

File:Lanyu Ivalino Ia-gin village hill view.jpg, Modern and traditional houses coexisting in present-day

Tao The Tao or Dao is the natural way of the universe, primarily as conceived in East Asian philosophy and religion. This seeing of life cannot be grasped as a concept. Rather, it is seen through actual living experience of one's everyday being. T ...

settlement on

Orchid Island Orchid Island, known as Pongso no Tao by the indigenous inhabitants, is a volcanic island located off the southeastern coast of Taiwan, the island and the nearby are governed by Taiwan as in Taitung County, which is one of the county's two ...

Cave dwelling

Prehistoric man made use of caves for their dwellings, and Taiwan's oldest known civilization is the Changbin culture (長濱文化) dating back to over 50,000 years. An example of an

archaeological site An archaeological site is a place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or recorded history, historic or contemporary), and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline ...

of a cave dwelling is the Bashian Caves in Changbin Township,

Taitung County Taitung () is the third largest county in Taiwan, located primarily on the island's southeastern coast and also including Green Island, Orchid Island and Lesser Orchid Island. The seat is located in Taitung City. Name While its name means "East ...

which is dated from between 5,500 and 30,000 years. The actual cave itself has a height of around ten

meters The metre (or meter in US spelling; symbol: m) is the base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI). Since 2019, the metre has been defined as the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of of ...

and can accommodate some ten persons.

Stilt housing

Spread over the vast prehistoric

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five Borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean, or, depending on the definition, to Antarctica in the south, and is ...

and

Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or approximately 20% of the water area of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia (continent), ...

areas, stilt houses vary greatly. In more recent times, Taiwanese aborigines make use of them for holding church meetings, as places to cool down and to hold ancestral activities. Apart from their cooling effect, stilt houses also have various functions such as avoiding miasma, dampness, flood, and insects and snakes from entering, it is also easier to construct.

Stone-slab housing

The Paiwan and Bunun peoples made houses using thatched roofing and made walls from stones. Homes of nobles were decorated with elaborate wood carvings. The special characteristics of such houses is that dark colored building materials help conceal the buildings in its environment and the layered use of rocks mimic the scales of the hundred pacer snake that they worship.

Aboriginal architecture

Chinese and aborigines made use of natural materials such as straw, wood, bamboo, grass, stone, and soil as basic construction materials. The types and styles of building vary depending on the environment, climate, and cultural influences of each ethnic group. For example, the Amis tend to live in larger communities and planned the layout of their community such as placement of communal homes and a plaza for matters of governance inside, planting a bamboo forest around the outside with camps and guard stations to defend against foreign aggressors. The Atayal and Saisiyat peoples made their homes out of wood and bamboo, while the

people who lived further away on

and faced strong changes in seasonal weather such as typhoons, developed houses that made use of digging vertically into the ground to strengthen their foundations. File:Paiwan.jpg, Stone-slab house of the

Paiwan people The Paiwan () are an indigenous people of Taiwan. They speak the Paiwan language. In 2014, the Paiwan numbered 96,334. This was approximately 17.8% of Taiwan's total indigenous population, making them the second-largest indigenous group. The ma ...

in Tjalja'avus Tribe (來義部落) taken by Japanese anthropologist Ushinosuke Mori prior to 1945 File:Paiwan 2.jpg, Stone-slab houses in Pingtung Park File:頭目家排灣族.jpg, Stone-slab housing of the

in Tjuvecekadan Tribe (老七佳部落) File:A Paiwan Slate House in National Museum of Natural Science.jpg, An imitation slate house of the

at the National Museum of Natural Science File:泰雅傳統家屋 Traditional Atayal House - panoramio.jpg, Traditional house of the

Atayal people The Atayal (Atayal language, Atayal: Tayal), also known as the Tayal and the Tayan, are a Taiwanese indigenous peoples, Taiwanese indigenous people. The Atayal people number around 90,000, approximately 15.9% of Taiwan's total indigenous popula ...

File:梨山文物陳列館-泰雅族半穴居.jpg, Inside an imitation of a traditional house of the

File:View of paran tribe in Taichu Prefecture, Formosa 1930s.jpg, Houses of the Seediq people in Paran Tribe (巴蘭部落) File:Vunumu sumuya.jpg, Houses of the Bunun people File:View of a tribe of Yami on Ponso No Tao.jpg, View of a

tribe File:A house and its surroundings in a Yami tribe.jpg, A house and its surroundings in a

tribe File:Traditional Tao Building Inside in Orchid Island 2010-9-15.jpg, Inside a

house File:Taibalan.jpg, The Kakita'an ancestral house of the

Amis people The Amis (; ), also known as the Pangcah (which means 'people' and 'kinsmen'), are an indigenous Austronesian ethnic group native to Taiwan. They speak the Amis language (; ), an Austronesian language, and are one of the sixteen officially ...

in Tafalong Tribe (太巴塱部落). File:Beinan Taitung Taiwan Aboriginal-Stilt-House-01.jpg, Stilt-house of the

Puyuma people The Puyuma (), also known as the Pinuyumayan, Peinan or Beinan, are one of the indigenous groups of the Taiwanese aborigines. The people are generally divided into the Chihpen and Nanwang groups, both resident in Taitung County on the east coast ...

File:Tsou Men's House (Formosan Aboriginal Culture Village).JPG, An imitation kuba (men's house) of the

Tsou people The Tsou ( Tsou: ''Cou''; ) are an indigenous people of central southern Taiwan. They are an Austronesian ethnic group. They reside in Chiayi County and Nantou County. The Tsou numbered around 6,000, approximately 1.19% of Taiwan's total Indige ...

in Formosan Aboriginal Culture Village File:Tsou Animal Bone Hut (Formosan Aboriginal Culture Village).JPG, An imitation animal bone hut of the

in Formosan Aboriginal Culture Village File:Rukai Granary (Formosan Aboriginal Culture Village).JPG, An imitation granary of the

Rukai people The Rukai (Rukai language, Rukai: ) are one of the Taiwanese aborigines, indigenous people of Taiwan. They consist of six communities residing in southern Taiwan (Budai, Labuan, Tanan, Maga, Mantauran, and Tona), each of which has its own dialect ...

in Formosan Aboriginal Culture Village File:Paiwan ceremonial rack of skulls.jpg, An imitation of a ceremonial rack of skulls of the

in Formosan Aboriginal Culture Village File:In a temple of the Pepo people 1877.jpg, A temple (公廨) of the

Dutch and Spanish settlement (1624–1662)

The 16th century was a time of Western naval navigation, exploration and trade and also the shifting of power from the

Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of ...

to the

. Most of the architecture in Taiwan from this period were dominated by fortresses, primarily the Dutch Fengguiwei Fort, Fort Zeelandia, Fort Provintia in the south and the Spanish Fort San Salvador (聖薩爾瓦多城), Fort Santo Domingo to the north. The Dutch used red bricks in construction while the Spanish used stone. Both sides made use of ports and constructed fortresses to consolidate their power on the island. The fortresses were square shaped with an additional side for the installment of

artillery Artillery consists of ranged weapons that launch Ammunition, munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during sieges, and l ...

. This period saw Taiwan architecture enter the peak of Western colonization. Such structures from this period represent the first generation of architectural works and is now listed as a world heritage by the Republic of China government. File:Atlas Blaeu-Van der Hem - Taioan.jpg, Taioan Street (大員市街) was built by the Dutch and is now the present day Yanping Street (延平街) in Anping District, Tainan City. File:2022年原熱蘭遮城舊址 12.png, Fort Zeelandia was built by the Dutch in 1624 and is now known as Anping Fort (安平古堡). File:Fort Zeelandia, Taiwan, 1871.jpg, Remains of Fort Zeelandia in 1871 File:Fort Zeelandia, Formosa by John Thomson, 1871. Wellcome L0056161.jpg, Remains of Fort Zeelandia in 1871 File:Chihkan Tower 03.JPG, Fort Provintia was a bastion structure, the remains of which are now known as Chihkan Tower (赤崁樓). File:Official consulate fort santo domingo.jpg, Fort Santo Domingo was built by the Spanish in 1628 and after their defeat was rebuilt by the Dutch. It is known as Âng-mn̂g-siâⁿ (紅毛城, Red-haired Fort) after the Dutch people. File:台灣基隆聖薩爾瓦多城模型.jpg, Model of Fort San Salvador in Keelung City File:諸聖堂（Todos los Santos）考古發掘坑.jpg, Archaeological excavation pit of Todos los Santos (諸聖堂) near Fort San Salvador

Kingdom of Tungning (1662–1682)

File:臺南北極殿.JPG, Beiji Temple (北極殿), Tainan City(1661), rebuilt in 1709. File:臺南開基天后宮.JPG, Kaichi Matsu Temple / Kaiji Tianhou Temple (開基天后宮, Taiwanese: '' Khai-ki Thian-hiō-kiong'') in Tainan City is one of the earliest temples dedicated to

Mazu Mazu or Matsu is a sea goddess in Chinese folk religion, Chinese Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. She is also known by several other names and titles. Mazu is the deified form of Lin Moniang (), a shamaness from Fujian who is said to ...

, rebuilt in 1926. File:鄭成功祖廟外觀.JPG,

Koxinga Ancestral Shrine Koxinga Ancestral Shrine () is a family shrine built in West Central District, Tainan, Taiwan in 1663 by Zheng Jing, to worship his father Koxinga. When Taiwan became part of the Qing dynasty, it was renamed "The Cheng's Ancestral Shrine" (� ...

, Tainan City File:大天后宮迴廊 20160527.jpg, Grand Matsu Temple in Tainan City used to be the palace of Prince Ningjing of

Southern Ming The Southern Ming (), also known in historiography as the Later Ming (), officially the Great Ming (), was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and a series of rump states of the Ming dynasty that came into existence following the ...

dynasty, rebuilt in the Qing dynasty. File:Temple of Confucius.jpg,

Taiwan Confucian Temple The Tainan Confucian Temple () or Quan Tai Shou Xue (, lit. "First Academy of Taiwan"), is a Temple of Confucius, Confucian temple on Nanmen Road () in West Central District, Tainan, Taiwan. History Kingdom of Tungning The temple was built in ...

, Tainan City (1665), rebuilt in 1751. File:臺南法華寺.JPG, Fahua Temple (法華寺) in Tainan City was the former residence known as the Dream Butterfly Garden (夢蝶園 Mengdieyuan) of Li Maochun (李茂春), rebuilt in 1959. File:臺南開元寺山門.JPG, Kaiyuan Temple (開元寺), Tainan City, rebuilt in 1680. File:台南市五妃廟.jpg, Temple of the Five Concubines, Tainan City (1683), extended in 1746.

Qing dynasty (1683–1896)

;Minnan-style architecture File:祀典武廟外部.jpg, State Temple of the Martial God (祀典武廟), Tainan City File:臺灣府城大南門.jpg, Great South Gate of

Tainan Prefecture was one of the administrative divisions of Taiwan during the Japanese rule. The prefecture consisted of modern-day Tainan City, Chiayi City, Chiayi County, and Yunlin County. Population Administrative divisions Cities and districts In ...

(台南府城大南門), Tainan City File:In the Chaotian Temple before 1907.jpg,

Chaotian Temple The Chaotian or Chaotien Temple, officially the Chao-Tian Temple,. & is a temple to the goddess Mazu in Beigang Township, Yunlin County, Taiwan. Constructed in 1700, it became one of the most important Mazu temples in Taiwan and is known for ...

(朝天宮), Yunlin County File:鹿港龍山寺山門.jpg, Lukang Longshan Temple (鹿港龍山寺), Changhua County File:台南市大東門.JPG, Great East Gate of

(台南府城大東門), Tainan City File:FengshanEgate.jpg, East Gate of Fengshan New City (鳳山縣新城東門), Kaohsiung City File:Lin AnTai Old HomeStead.jpg, Lin An Tai Historical House and Museum (林安泰古厝), Taipei City File:Taiwan Hsinchu YinXi Gate.JPG, Yensi Gate (迎曦門), Hsinchu City File:鹽水八角樓.jpg, Yanshui Octagonal Building (鹽水八角樓), Tainan City File:筱雲山莊迎賓館.jpg, Hsiau-Yun Villa (筱雲山莊), Taichung City File:霧峰林家景薰樓.jpg, Tower of Prospective Fragrance (景薰樓) of Wufeng Lin Family Mansion and Garden, Taichung City (1864) File:赤崁樓-2.jpg, Haisheng Temple (海神廟) of Chihkan Tower, Tainan File:Taiwan Castle North gate.JPG, North Gate of Taiwan Provincial Capital (臺灣省城), present day Watching Moon Pavilion (望月亭) in Taichung Park, Taichung City File:臺北府城北門 20180807.jpg, North Gate of the Walls of Taipei in Taipei City, also called Cheng'enmen (承恩門, Taiwanese: ''Sêng-un-mn̂g,''

Hakka The Hakka (), sometimes also referred to as Hakka-speaking Chinese, or Hakka Chinese, or Hakkas, are a southern Han Chinese subgroup whose principal settlements and ancestral homes are dispersed widely across the provinces of southern China ...

: ''Siin11-en24 mun11'') File:台北西門.jpg, West Gate of the Walls of Taipei in Taipei City, also called Baochengmen (寶成門) File:林本源園邸-方鑑齋.jpg, Lin Family Mansion and Garden, New Taipei City File:Court of Ding-Jing Hall, Lin Garden.JPG, Lin Family Mansion and Garden, New Taipei City File:磺溪書院－內院中庭.JPG,

Huangxi Academy The Huangxi Academy () is a former academy in Dadu District, Taichung, Taiwan. History The building was originally built in 1888 as an extended building to the existing Wenchang Temple. The building was closed during the Japanese rule of Taiwa ...

, Taichung City File:Guest House of Imperial Envoys in Taipe 2.jpg, The Guest House of Imperial Envoys(欽差行臺), Taipei City File:欽差行臺 Guesthouse for Imperial Envoy - panoramio.jpg, The Guest House of Imperial Envoys(欽差行臺), Taipei City File:Plain Aborigines Taipei.jpg, Houses constructed of mud and straw by the Siniticized Ketagalan tribe of Kanatsui settlement (圭武卒社), Taipei City ;Hakka Architecture File:日治時期的六堆忠義祠.JPG, Liudui Martyr's Shrine (六堆忠義祠), Pingtung County File:壽山巖觀音寺.JPG, Shoushanyan Guanyin Temple (壽山巖觀音寺), Taoyuan City File:CKF2008030601.JPG, Beipu Tianshui Temple (北埔天水堂), Hsinchu County File:Li teng-fang Historical Home ,TAIWAN.jpg, Lee Teng-fan's Ancient Residence, Taoyuan City File:新屋范姜祖堂.jpg, Fanjiang Ancestral Hall (新屋范姜祖堂), Taoyuan City File:Peipu-temple.jpg, Beipu Citian Temple, Hsinchu County File:Meinong East Gate Tower front view 20150124.jpg, Meinong East Gate Tower, Kaohsiung City, rebuilt in 1937. File:茄冬西隘門（佳冬）.jpg, West Fence Gate(西柵門) of Jiadong (佳冬), Pingtung County File:佳冬蕭宅合院.JPG, Old House of Siiao Family(蕭家祖屋), Pingtung County ; Fuzhou-style (Mindong) Architecture File:日治時期開山神社入口.JPG, Koxinga Shrine (延平郡王祠), Tainan City File:開山神社神殿 1915年前.jpg, Koxinga Shrine (延平郡王祠), Tainan City File:霧峰林家宮保第大花廳.jpg, Great Flower Hall (大花廳) in Wufeng Lin Family Mansion and Garden, Taichung City Teochew-style architecture File:新莊慈祐宮正面照.jpg, Xinzhuang Ciyou Palace (新莊慈祐宮,Taiwanese: '' Sin-chng Chû-iū-kiong''), New Taipei City File:臺南三山國王廟 (高處拍攝).JPG, Three Mountain Kings Temple (三山國王廟), Tainan City File:六堆天后宮.JPG, Liudui Tianhou Temple (六堆天后宮, Hakka:'' Liuk-tôi Thiên-heu-kiûng''), Pingtung County ;Lingnan-style architecture File:臺南兩廣會館及重道崇文坊.jpg, Liangguanghui Hall (兩廣會館), Tainan City File:臺南兩廣會館02.jpg, Liangguanghui Hall (兩廣會館), Tainan City ;Western-style architecture File:前金天主堂.jpg, Holy Rosary Cathedral, Kaohsiung City (1861) File:萬金天主教堂（萬金聖母聖殿）.jpg, Wanchin Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, Pingtung County (1870) File:Tamsui customs officers residence.jpg, Tamsui Customs Officers' Residence, Tamsui, New Taipei City (1870) File:漁翁島燈塔 01.JPG, Yuwengdao Lighthouse, Penghu County (1875) File:Oxford College, Aletheia University 20050702.jpg, Oxford College, Tamsui, New Taipei City (1882) File:英國領事館2.jpg, Former British consular residence, Tamsui, New Taipei City (1891) File:臺南東興洋行.JPG, Former Julius Mannich & CO. Merchant House (德商東興洋行), Tainan City Fort File:旗後礮臺（入口）.jpg, Cihou Fort, Kaohsiung City (1875) File:台南「億載金城」正門.JPG, Eternal Golden Castle, Tainan City (1876) File:滬尾礮臺.jpg, Hobe Fort, Tamsui, New Taipei City (1886) File:西嶼西臺澎湖縣國定古蹟關塞 Venation 1.JPG, Xiyu Western Fort, Prnghu County (1889)

Period of Japanese rule (1896–1945)

;Western-style Architecture File:Taipei Guest House Front Near View.jpg, Taipei Guest House, Taipei City (1901–1913) File:Taichung Park-1.JPG, Mid-Lake Pavilion (湖心亭) in Taichung Park, Taichung City (1908) File:自來水博物館 Museum of Drinking Water - panoramio (2).jpg, Museum of Drinking Water, Taipei City (1908) File:國定古蹟臺南地方法院.jpg, Former Tainan District Court, Tainan City (1912) File:台鐵新竹車站(2).jpg, Hsinchu Railway Station, Hsinchu City (1913) File:台中州廳（舊台中市政府）.jpg, Former Taichu Prefecture Government Building, Taichung City (1913) File:Immaculate Conception Cathedral of Taipei 001 in 1889.jpg, Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Taipei City (1914) File:台北故事館.jpg, Taipei Story House, Taipei City (1914) File:臺灣總督府博物館 01.jpg, Former Kodama-Goto Memorial Hall, Taipei City (1915) File:Control Yuan.JPG, Former Taihoku Prefecture Government Building, Taipei City (1915) File:原台南州廳(台灣文學館)-2.jpg, Former Tainan Prefecture Government Building, Tainan City (1916) File:臺中車站 (2).jpg, Former Taichung Railway Station, Taichung City (1917) File:Taipei Taiwan Presidential-Office-Building-01.jpg, Former Office of the Governor-General of Taiwan, Taipei City (1919) File:專賣局.jpg, Monopoly Bureau, Taipei City (1922) File:Administration Building, National Taiwan Normal University 20130407.jpg, Administration Building of

National Taiwan Normal University National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU) is a National university, national comprehensive university in Taipei and New Taipei City, Taiwan. The university enrolls approximately 17,000 students each year. Approximately 1,600 students are Intern ...

, Taipei (1929) File:臺灣大學原帝大校舍─舊總圖書館(現校史館).JPG, Former Library of Taihoku Imperial University (台北帝國大學圖書館), Taipei City (1930) File:Takao provincial office.jpg,

Takao Prefecture was one of the administrative divisions of Taiwan during the Taiwan under Japanese rule, Japanese rule. The prefecture consisted of modern-day Kaohsiung City and Pingtung County. Population Administrative divisions Cities and district ...

Government Building (高雄州廳), Kaohsiung City (1931) Exotic Revival Style File:建功神社神殿.jpg, Kenko Shrine (建功神社), Taipei City (1928), designed by Ide Kaoru File:THK Taipei Broadcasting Station 1931.jpg, Former THK Taipei Broadcasting Station (台北放送局演奏所), Taipei City (1931) File:臺北信用組合.jpg, Chengnei Branch of Taiwan Cooperative Bank (合作金庫銀行城內分行), Taipei City (1933), designed by Ide Kaoru File:勸業銀行臺北支店.jpg, Former Taipei Branch of Nippon Kangyo Bank (日本勸業銀行臺北支店), Taipei City (1933) File:原日本勸業銀行臺南支店轉角處.JPG, Former Tainan Branch of Nippon Kangyo Bank (日本勸業銀行臺南支店), Tainan City (1937) File:株式會社彰化銀行本店.jpg, Chang Hwa Bank Headquarters and Museum, Taichung City (1937) Early Modern Architecture File:新竹州廳近景（2）.jpg, Former Shinchiku Prefecture Government Building (新竹州廳), Hsinchu City (1927) File:Taipei Post Office front view 20181018.jpg, Taipei Post Office, Taipei City (1928) File:鹿港老街09.jpg, Yu Jen Jai, Changhua County (1930) File:Hayashi Department Store (night).jpg, Hayashi Department Store, Tainan City (1922) File:Taipei Taiwan Judicial-Yuan-01.jpg, Taiwan High Court, Taipei City (1934), designed by Ide Kaoru File:基隆港合同廳舍全景.jpg, Keelung Harbor Integrated Administration Building (基隆海港大樓), Keelung City (1934) File:原新化街役場建築欣賞 - panoramio (1).jpg, Former

Sinhua District Sinhua District, National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (), alternatively spelled Xinhua, is a suburban district (Republic of China), district in central Tainan, Taiwan. History Before t ...

Council House (新化街役場), Tainan City (1934) File:Taichung Broadcasting Bureau.JPG, Taichung Broadcasting Bureau, Taichung City File:TTL Hsinchu Business Office 20130918.jpg, TTL Hsinchu Business Office (臺灣菸酒公司新竹營業所), Hsinchu City (1935) File:高雄稅關廳舍.jpg, Kaohsiung Customs, Kaohsiung City (1936) File:西螺金玉成鐘樓.jpg, Jin Yu-cheng Clocktower (金玉成鐘樓) in Siluo old street(西螺老街), Yunlin County (1935) File:台南火車站.JPG, Tainan Railway Station, Tainan City (1936) File:Taipei Taiwan Zhongshan-Hall-01.jpg,

Zhongshan Hall Zhongshan Hall () is a historic building which originally functioned as the Taipei (Taihoku) City Public Auditorium (public hall). It is located at 98 Yanping South Road in the Ximending neighborhood of Zhongzheng District, Taipei, Taiwan. In 19 ...

, Taipei City (1936), designed by Ide Kaoru File:Taipei Taiwan Bank-of-Taiwan-Head-Office-Building-01.jpg,

Bank of Taiwan The Bank of Taiwan (BOT; ) is a commercial bank headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan. It was established in 1897-1899 as a Japanese policy institution or "special bank", similarly as the Nippon Kangyo Bank (est. 1897), Hokkaido Takushoku Bank (est. ...

, Taipei City (1938) File:台南合同廳舍 Jun 2019.jpg, Tainan City Fire Bureau Second Division, Tainan City (1938) File:Changhua Railway Hospital.jpg, Changhua Railway Hospital, Changhua County (1938) File:電姬戲院.jpg, Dianji Theater (電姬戲院), Tainan City (1938) ;Traditional Taiwanese and Taiwanese-Western Eclectic Architecture File:霧峰萊園五桂樓.jpg, Five-Cassia Tower (五桂樓) in Wufeng Lin Family Mansion and Garden, Taichung City (1906) File:淡水戲館.jpg, Tamsui Theater (淡水戲館), Taipei City (1909) File:Changhua nanyao 4.jpg, Nanyao Temple, Changhua County (1916) File:Sansia IMG 1625.JPG, Sanxia Old Street, New Taipei City (1916) File:大溪老街 Daxi Old Street - panoramio.jpg, Daxi Old Street, Taoyuan City (1918–1919) File:Hukou Sanyuan Temple 20100731.jpg, Hukou Sanyuan Temple (湖口三元宮), Hsinchu County (1919) File:Lugang Koo's House.JPG, Lukang Folk Arts Museum, Changhua County (1919) File:陳中和紀念館（高雄）.jpg, Chen Jhong-he Memorial Hall, Kaohsiung City (1920) File:聚奎居正身.jpg, Jukuiju Mansion (聚奎居), Taichung City (1920) File:Mazu Temple (Magong).jpg, Penghu Tianhou Temple, Penghu County (1923) File:Taiwan formosa vintage history other places temples taipics037.jpg, Bangka Lungshan Temple, Taipei City (1924) File:Taichung Le Cheng Matsu Temple.JPG, Lecheng Temple, Taichung City (1790), restored in 1920s. File:淡江中學八角塔新北市 Venation 8.JPG, Octagonal Tower of Tamkang High School (淡江中學八角塔), New Taipei City (1924) File:白河大仙寺正殿.jpg, Dasian Temple (大仙寺), Tainan City (1925) File:宗聖公祠.jpg, Zhong Sheng Gong Memorial (宗聖公祠), Pingtung County (1929) ;Japanese-style and Japanese-Western Eclectic Architecture File:台北臨濟護國禪寺.JPG, Linji Huguo Chan Temple, Taipei City (1911) File:嘉義神社附屬館所.jpg, Former Kagi Shrine administration building, Chiayi City (1915) File:北投普濟寺.jpg, Beitou Puji Temple(北投普濟寺), Taipei City (1915) File:一滴水紀念館 A Drop of Water Memorial Hall - panoramio.jpg, The Drop of Water Memorial Hall, New Taipei City (1915), this building was dismantled in Japan and rebuilt in Taiwan. File:吉安慶修院花蓮縣縣(市)定古蹟寺廟 Venation 1.JPG, Ji'an Shrine(吉安慶修院), Hualien County (1917) File:北投文物館(原佳山旅館).jpg, Beitou Museum, Taipei City (1921) File:武德殿 hall of military morality - panoramio.jpg, Former Takao Butokuden of

, Kaohsiung City (1924) File:臺灣總督府專賣局臺南支局鹽埕分室外觀.jpg, Former Monopoly Bureau Branch Office (臺灣總督府專賣局臺南支局鹽埕分室), Tainan City (1924) File:台北紀州庵.jpg, Kishu An Forest of Literature (紀州庵文學森林), Taipei City (1927–1928) File:Tainan Taiwan Martial-Art-Hall Butokuden-01.jpg, Former Tainan Butokuden of

, Tainan City (1936) File:Taoyuan Shinto-helligdoms bønnerom 2.jpg, Haiden of Touen Shrine, Taoyuan City (1938) File:台中刑務所演武場.JPG, Taichung Martial Arts Hall (臺中刑務所演武場), Taichung City (1937) File:2020年的逍遙園 01.jpg, Shoyoen (逍遙園), Kaohsiung City(1940) File:Lin-tien-san 2 , Hualian.JPG, Lintianshan Forestry Culture Park, Hualien County File:玉山西峰.jpg, Xi Shan Shinto Shrine(西山祠), Chiayi County File:At the Square of Chulin Station in Luodong Forestry Culture Park.jpg, Chulin Station (竹林車站) in Luodong Forestry Culture Park, Yilan County, rebuilt in 2008 Asian Renaissance Style(興亞式) and Imperial Crown Style File:Hoko Prefectural Office.JPG, Former Hoko Prefectural Office(澎湖廳廳舍), Penghu County (1934) File:Kaohsiung Museum of History face 20101031.jpg,

Kaohsiung Museum of History The Kaohsiung Museum of History () is a museum located in Yancheng District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''For ...

, Kaohsiung City (1939) File:NCPI Taipei 20210403a.jpg, National Center of Photography and Images (國家攝影文化中心), Taipei City (1937) File:舊高雄車站.jpg, Former Takao Station, Kaohsiung City (1941)

Republic of China (1946–present)

The

Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

served as a dividing point in Taiwanese architecture, bringing both political change and significant physical destruction. After the war a wave of new buildings was built with American aid, this influence lead to the dominance of the

International Style The International Style is a major architectural style and movement that began in western Europe in the 1920s and dominated modern architecture until the 1970s. It is defined by strict adherence to Functionalism (architecture), functional and Fo ...

. More contemporary architecture focuses on preserving the past as well as building new spaces, often finding ways to re-use historical or disused spaces. ;

Chinese Cultural Renaissance The Chinese Cultural Renaissance or the Chinese Cultural Renaissance Movement () was a movement promoted in Taiwan in opposition to the cultural destruction caused by the Chinese Communist Party during the Cultural Revolution.Alan M. Wachman , W ...

File:National Taiwan Science Education Center Chinese Roof.jpg, Nanhai Academy, Taipei City File:Practice Hotel of National Taichung Agricultural Senior High School.JPG, Internship Youth Hostel at Taichung Agricultural Senior High School (台中高農實習旅館), Taichung City File:NationalPalace MuseumFrontView.jpg,

National Palace Museum The National Palace Museum, also known as Taipei Palace Museum, is a national museum headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan. Founded in Beijing in 1925, the museum was re-established in Shilin District, Shilin, Taipei, in 1965, later expanded with a S ...

, Taipei City File:YMS-ZhongshanBuilding-1.jpg,

Chung-Shan Building The Chung-Shan Building () is part of the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall complex. Completed in 1966, the building is located in the Yangmingshan National Park in Taipei, Taiwan. The building is placed on the reverse of the 100 New Taiwan Dollar bi ...

, Taipei City, designed by Xiu Zelan. File:國民革命忠烈祠大殿 20120818.jpg, National Revolutionary Martyrs' Shrine, Taipei City File:Taiwan 2009 The Grand Hotel in Taipei FRD 7637.jpg, The expansion designs implemented in the Taipei Grand Hotel from 1952 to 1973. File:Taichung Confucius Temple by The Great Perfection Hall.JPG, Dachengdian(大成殿) of Taichung Confucius Temple, Taichung City File:Taichung Confucius Temple by The Perceiving Virtue Gate.JPG, Guandemen(觀德門) of Taichung Confucius Temple, Taichung City File:Taichung Confucius Temple by The Great Perfection Gate.JPG, Hip and gable roof of Dachengdian (大成殿) of Taichung Confucius Temple, Taichung City File:Chiang Kai-shek memorial amk.jpg, Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Taipei City File:Taiwan 2009 Taipei National Concert Hall at Chian Kai Shek Cultural Center FRD 7364 Pano Extracted.jpg,

National Concert Hall The National Concert Hall (NCH) (An Ceoláras Náisiúnta) is a national cultural institution, sometimes described as "the home of music in Ireland". It comprises the actual concert hall operation, which in various chambers hosts over 1,000 ...

, Taipei City File:Taiwan 2009 Taipei National Theater at Chian Kai Shek Cultural Center FRD 7293.jpg, The wooden brackets used on the National Theater, Taipei City File:Taiwan 2009 Taipei Liberty Plaza Gateway seen from National Theater FRD 7309.jpg, The railings at National Theater, Taipei City File:Yanshui Holy Spirit Church 鹽水天主堂 - panoramio.jpg, Yanshui Holy Spirit Church (鹽水天主聖神堂), Tainan City File:國史館臺灣文獻館史蹟大樓.JPG, Taiwan Historica's Historical Documents Exhibition Hall File: 阿里山郵局_Alishan_Post_Office_-_panoramio.jpg , Alishan Post Office ;Newly built traditional Taiwanese architecture File:Wanhe Temple.jpg, Wan He Temple, Taichung City (1684) File:三峽長福巖.jpg, Changfu Temple, New Taipei City, rebuilt in 1947. File:三山國王廟 Sanshan Guowang Temple - panoramio.jpg, Yancheng Sanshan Guowang Temple (鹽埕三山國王廟), Kaohsiung City (1949) File:高雄代天宮.jpg, Gushan Daitian Temple, Kaohsiung City (1949–1951) File:梧棲真武宮正面照.jpg, Wuqi Zhenwu Temple, Taichung City (1849), restored in 1953 File:指南宮凌霄寶殿.jpg, Lingxiao Chapel (凌霄寶殿) of Zhinan Temple (指南宮), Taipei City (1963) File:行天宮.jpg, Xingtian Temple, Taipei City (1968) File:高雄三鳳宮.jpg, Sanfong Temple (三鳳宮), Kaohsiung City (1971) File:Taichung Folklore Park.JPG, Taichung Folklore Park, Taichung City (1990) File:賴敏祭祀公業.JPG, Taiwan Lai Family Ancestral Hall (台灣賴氏大宗祠), Taichung City (2006) File:武昌宮.JPG, Wu Chang Temple (武昌宮), Nantou County (1903, rebuilt 2010) File:Nankunshen Temple, Jade Emperor Shrine (Taiwan).jpg, Lingxiao Main Hall (凌霄寶殿) of Nankunshen Daitian Temple (南鯤鯓代天府), Tainan City (2012) ;Modern architecture File:Administration - Tunghai University - DSC01530.JPG, Administration of Tunghai University,Taiching City(1957), designed by Chen Chi-kwan. File:菁寮天主堂.jpg, Saint Cross Church, Tainan City (1960), designed by Gottfried Boehm. File:THU Luce Memorial Chapel.jpg, Tunghai University Luce Memorial Chapel, Taichung City(1963), designed by I. M. Pei and Chen Chi-kwan. File:台北市景美女中圖書館.jpg, Library of Taipei Municipal Jingmei Girls' High School (台北市景美女中圖書館), Taipei City, designed by Xiu Zelan. File:三信家商波浪大樓.jpg, The Wave Classroom (波浪大樓) of Sansin High School of Commerce And Home Economics, Kaohsiung City (1964), designed by Jen-Ho Chen (陳仁和). File:St Paul's Church, Kaohsiung.JPG, St Paul's Church (聖公會聖保羅堂), Kaohsiung City (1965), designed by Chen Chi-kwan and Haigo T. H. Shen(沈祖海). File:亞洲水泥大樓 140351.jpg, Asia Cement Building (亞洲水泥大樓), Taipei City (1966), designed by Wang Da-hong. File:Taipei Taiwan Sun-Yat-sen-Memorial-Hall-02.jpg, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, Taipei City (1972), designed by Wang Da-hong. File:Taipei-fine-arts-museum.jpg, Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taipei City(1983) File:科博館植物園.jpg, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung City (1986) File:Taichung Sun Yat-sen Hall.JPG, Chung Shan Hall (中山堂), Taichung City (1989) File:Chang-Gu WTC.jpg, Chang-Gu World Trade Center, Kaohsiung City (1992) File:南埔林宅 Haus Lin.jpg, Haus Lin in Nanpu (南埔林宅), Nantou County (1997), designed by Chen Kuen Lee. File:Tuntex Sky Tower.JPG, 85 Sky Tower, Kaohsiung City (1997) File:新北市政府 New Taipei city hall - panoramio.jpg, New Taipei City Hall, New Taipei City (2003) File:Taipei101.portrait.altonthompson.jpg,

Taipei 101 The Taipei 101 (; stylized in all caps), formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center, is a 508 m (1,667 ft), 101-story skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. It is owned by Taipei Financial Center Corporation. It was Council on Tall Buildings ...

, Taipei City (2004) File:Taiwan HighSpeedRail HsinChu Station 3.JPG, Hsinchu HSR station, Hsinchu County (2006) File:TpmlBeitou.JPG, Taipei Public Library, Taipei City (2006) File:WorkdGame2009 Stadium completed.jpg,

National Stadium Many countries have a national sport stadium, which typically serves as the primary or exclusive home for one or more of a country's national representative sports teams. The term is most often used in reference to an association football ...

, Kaohsiung City (2009) File:蘭陽博物館.jpg, Lanyang Museum, Yilan County(2010) File:Taichung City Building.JPG, Taichung City Government Building, Taichung City (2010) File:Dadong Art Center Large Performance Hall.JPG, Dadong Arts Center, Kaohsiung City (2012) File:農禪寺水月道場FUJI9329.JPG, Water Moon Monastery (水月道場) of Nung Chan Monastery (農禪寺), Taipei City (2012), designed by Kris Yao. File:臺中國家歌劇院.jpg, National Taichung Theater, Taichung City (2014) File:Kaohsiung Taiwan Kaohsiung-Exhibition-Center-03.jpg, Kaohsiung Exhibition Center, Kaohsiung City (2014) File:國資圖總館.jpg, National Library of Public Information, Taichung City (2012) File:National Kaohsiung Center for the Arts 2018.jpg,

National Kaohsiung Center for the Arts National Kaohsiung Center for the Arts, also known as Weiwuying, (), is located in Fengshan District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. It is the largest cultural facility in Taiwan, the world's largest performing art theater under one roof, and the first nat ...

, Kaohsiung City (2017) File:Bright white the 2 Building of Tainan Art Museum exterior design.jpg, Tainan Art Museum, Tainan City (2018) File:Taipei Nan Shan Plaza 20171216c.jpg, Taipei Nan Shan Plaza, Taipei City(2018) File:高雄流行音樂中心 Kaohsiung Music Centre - nearing completion in August 2019.jpg,

Kaohsiung Music Center The Kaohsiung Music Center (KMC; ) is a music hall in Yancheng District and Lingya District in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. History In 2009, the Executive Yuan recognized the need to establish a music center in Kaohsiung. The Council for Cultural Aff ...

, Kaohsiung City

References

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