Archibald James Edward Douglas, 1st Baron Douglas (10 July 1748 – 26 December 1827), was a Scottish politician.

Early life

He was born Archibald James Edward Stewart, in Paris,G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, ''The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14'' (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume IV, page 441. the twin son of Sir John Stewart, 3rd Baronet (1687–1764) and

Lady Jane Douglas Lady Jane Douglas (17 March 1698 – 21 November 1753) was a Scottish noblewoman. She married secretly and had twins abroad at the age of fifty who would inherit the family's riches. This birth was thought incredible and the ensuing long and exp ...

, daughter of

James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas (c.1646 – 25 February 1700)David Menarry, 'Douglas, James, second Marquess of Douglas (c.1646–1700)’, ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004. was the son of Archiba ...

. The circumstances of the birth were controversial. His mother was the sister of the wealthy

Duke of Douglas The Mormaer or Earl of Angus was the ruler of the medieval Scottish province of Angus. The title, in the Peerage of Scotland, is held by the Duke of Hamilton, and is used as a courtesy title for the eldest son of the Duke's eldest son. History ...

. As the Duke was childless, his estate would pass to the next in line, the

Duke of Hamilton Duke of Hamilton is a title in the Peerage of Scotland, created in April 1643. It is the senior dukedom in that peerage (except for the Duke of Rothesay, Dukedom of Rothesay held by the sovereign's eldest son), and as such its holder is the pr ...

, unless an heir could be found. Lady Jane was 47 when she married the 60-year-old Colonel John Stewart, a man described by her brother, the Duke of Douglas, as a 'wore-out old rake'. In the summer of 1748, by which time she was 50, Lady Jane gave birth to twin boys - Archibald and Sholto - at the house of Madame Le Brun in Faubourg Saint-Germain, Paris.

The Douglas Cause

There followed a series of court cases, which became known as the ''Douglas Cause'' or ''Douglas Case''. In 1767 Archibald lost a much publicised court case concerning the rights to the Douglas estates. His opponents, the 12-year-old

, Hew Dalrymple, and others, claimed that Stewart was not the son of Lady Jane Douglas, and thus was not the rightful heir to the Douglas estates. In February 1769 the House of Lords reversed the decision. Central to the case was whether Lady Jane was still able to have children and at the trials, intimate evidence of her menstrual status was presented by servants. However, witnesses were produced by the Hamiltons who claimed to have noticed nothing about Lady Jane's appearance to indicate that she was pregnant. Hamilton lawyers also found two French couples who both said they had sold babies to a mysterious foreign couple about the time the 'twins' were born. Douglas lawyers countered by providing evidence of a male midwife said to have delivered Lady Jane's babies. Archibald Douglas was able to inherit and his descendants, who included British Minister

Alec Douglas-Home Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home, Baron Home of the Hirsel ( ; 2 July 1903 – 9 October 1995), known as Lord Dunglass from 1918 to 1951 and the Earl of Home from 1951 to 1963, was a British statesman and Conservative Party (UK), Conservative ...

and has family, have benefited ever since.

Career

Douglas was MP for

Forfarshire Angus (; ) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Dundee City and Perth and Kinross. Main industries include agriculture and fishing. Global pharmaceuticals ...

from 1782 to 1790 and

Lord Lieutenant of Forfarshire The Lord Lieutenant of Angus, is the British monarch's personal representative in an area which was defined by the Lord-Lieutenants (Scotland) Order 1996 as consisting of the unitary Angus council area, in Scotland. The lieutenancy area was prev ...

from 1794 to 1827. In parliament he was a loyal follower of

Henry Dundas Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville, Privy Council (United Kingdom), PC, FRSE (28 April 1742 – 28 May 1811), styled as Lord Melville from 1802, was a British politician who served as Home Secretary from 1791 to 1794 and First Lord of the Ad ...

and William Pitt, and hoped to be rewarded with a peerage. Although he would have preferred an earldom, he was created Baron Douglas, of Douglas in the County of Lanark, in 1790. Lord Douglas was an improving landlord who continued the rebuilding of

Douglas Castle Douglas Castle was a stronghold of the Douglas (later Douglas-Home) family from medieval times to the 20th century. The first castle, erected in the 13th century, was destroyed and replaced several times until the 18th century when a large man ...

begun by his uncle. However the 1772 collapse of the Ayr bank of

Douglas, Heron & Company Douglas, Heron & Company, also known as the Ayr Bank, was a Scottish bank with its head office at Ayr. It opened in November 1769 and folded in 1772 during the crisis of 1772. History The nominal capital of the company was £150,000 or £160,000 ...

was a blow to his financial position. In 1795, he raised the

Angusshire Regiment of Fencible Infantry This is a list of British fencible regiments. The ''fencibles'' (from the word ') were British Army regiments raised in Great Britain and in the colonies for defence against the threat of invasion during the Seven Years' War, the American War of ...

, who served in Ireland and Dumfries, as well as being involved with founding the Angus Volunteers Company of Fencible Men earlier in the same year. It was the latter Company that were on duty at the funeral of

Robert Burns Robert Burns (25 January 1759 – 21 July 1796), also known familiarly as Rabbie Burns, was a Scottish poet and lyricist. He is widely regarded as the List of national poets, national poet of Scotland and is celebrated worldwide. He is the be ...

in 1796 according to officials in the Douglas History Archiv

although some references have inaccurately attributed this to the former group. As

Lord-Lieutenant of Forfarshire The Lord Lieutenant of Angus, is the British monarch's personal representative in an area which was defined by the Lord-Lieutenants (Scotland) Order 1996 as consisting of the unitary Angus council area, in Scotland. The lieutenancy area was prev ...

, he was appointed

Colonel Colonel ( ; abbreviated as Col., Col, or COL) is a senior military Officer (armed forces), officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, a colon ...

of the

Forfarshire Militia The Forfarshire Militia, later the Forfar and Kincardine Militia was an auxiliary regiment recruited in the Scottish counties of Forfarshire and Kincardineshire from 1798. It served in home defence and on internal security duties across the Brit ...

when that was raised in 1798, with the Brevet rank of Colonel in the army while that regiment was embodied. His son the Hon Archibald Douglas took over the command in 1802.War Office, ''A List of the Officers of the Militia, the Gentlemen & Yeomanry Cavalry, and Volunteer Infantry of the United Kingdom'', 11th Edn, London: War Office, 14 October 1805/Uckfield: Naval and Military Press, 2005, ISBN 978-1-84574-207-2.

Personal life

Lord Douglas married twice and had nine children, five sons and four daughters, most of whom reached old age. His first marriage was in 1771 to Lady Lucy Graham (1751–1780), a daughter of the 2nd Duke of Montrose. Before her death in 1780, they were the parents of:Mosley, Charles, editor. ''Burke's Peerage and Baronetage, 106th edition, 2 volumes''.

Crans, Switzerland Crans-Montana is a municipality in the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Chermignon, Mollens, Montana and Randogne merged to form the new municipality of Crans-Montana. Crans ...

: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 1999 volume 1, page 1282. *

Archibald Douglas, 2nd Baron Douglas The title of Baron Douglas, of Douglas in the county of Lanark, has been created twice, once in the Peerage of Great Britain and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The first creation was on 8 July 1790 for Archibald James Edward Douglas ...

(1773–1844), who was educated at

Eton Eton most commonly refers to Eton College, a public school in Eton, Berkshire, England. Eton may also refer to: Places *Eton, Berkshire, a town in Berkshire, England *Eton, Georgia, a town in the United States *Éton, a commune in the Meuse depa ...

and died unmarried. * Charles Douglas, 3rd Baron Douglas (1775–1848), a barrister who died unmarried. * Jane Margaret Douglas (1779–1859), who married Henry Montagu-Scott, 2nd Baron Montagu. In 1783, he married secondly to Lady Frances Scott (1750–1817), sister of the 3rd Duke of Buccleuch. Together, they were the parents of: * Frances Elizabeth Douglas (d. 1854), who married William Moray-Stirling, 17th of Abercairny, son of Charles Stirling-Moray, 15th of Abercairny. * Mary Sidney Douglas, who married Robert Douglas in 1821. * Caroline Lucy Douglas (1784–1857), who married Admiral Sir George Scott, son of John Scott, 6th of Gala, in 1810. * Sholto Scott Douglas (1785–1821) * James Douglas, 4th Baron Douglas (1787–1857), the Rector of Broughton who married Wilhelmina Murray, daughter of the Governor of Canada Gen. James Murray (son of

Alexander Murray, 4th Lord Elibank Alexander () is a male name of Greek origin. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are A ...

), in 1813. * George Douglas (1788–1838), who died unmarried.Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003 volume 1, page 561. Douglas died on 26 December 1827 at

Bothwell Castle Bothwell Castle is a large medieval castle, sited on a high, steep bank, above a bend in the River Clyde in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is located between Bothwell and Uddingston, about south-east of Glasgow. Construction of the castle wa ...

, Lanarkshire. He was buried in Douglas parish church in the same county. He was succeeded by three of his sons in turn: Archibald,

Charles Charles is a masculine given name predominantly found in English language, English and French language, French speaking countries. It is from the French form ''Charles'' of the Proto-Germanic, Proto-Germanic name (in runic alphabet) or ''* ...

, and the Rev. James Douglas on whose death, the Barony of Douglas of Douglas became extinct. His daughter, Jane Margaret Douglas became his eventual heir. She married Henry, 2nd Baron Montagu of Boughton and had a daughter, Lucy Elizabeth Scott-Montagu-Douglas (later Countess of Home) to whom the Douglas estates descended.

References

External links

Archibald James Edward Douglas
{{DEFAULTSORT:Douglas, Archibald Douglas, 1st Baron 1748 births 1827 deaths Nobility from South Lanarkshire 1 Peers of Great Britain created by George III 18th-century Scottish nobility 19th-century Scottish nobility Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies Politics of Angus, Scotland British MPs 1780–1784 British MPs 1784–1790 Scottish expatriates in France Scottish Tory MPs (pre-1912) Younger sons of baronets

Archibald Archibald may refer to: People and characters *Archibald (name), a masculine given name and a surname *Archibald (musician) (1916–1973), American R&B pianist * Archibald, a character from the animated TV show ''Archibald the Koala'' Other uses ...

Forfar and Kincardine Militia officers