Aranama (Araname), also known as Tamique, is an
extinct
Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...
unclassified language
An unclassified language is a language whose genetic affiliation to other languages has not been established. Languages can be unclassified for a variety of reasons, mostly due to a lack of reliable data but sometimes due to the confounding inf ...
of
Texas
Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...
, USA. It was spoken by the
Aranama and Tamique peoples at the Franciscan mission of
Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga. It is only known from a two-word phrase from a non-native speaker: 'give me water!'. Variations on the name are ''Taranames, Jaranames ~ Xaranames ~ Charinames, Chaimamé, Hanáma ~ Hanáme''.
[Craig H. Roell, "NUESTRA SENORA DEL ESPIRITU SANTO DE ZUNIGA MISSION," ]Handbook of Texas Online
The Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) is an American nonprofit educational and research organization dedicated to documenting the history of Texas. It was founded in Austin, Texas, United States, on March 2, 1897. In November 2008, the ...
br>
accessed July 12, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
Known words
In 1884,
Albert Gatschet recorded one word and a two-word phrase from "Old Simon," a
Tonkawa
The Tonkawa are a Native American tribe from Oklahoma and Texas. Their Tonkawa language, now extinct language, extinct, is a linguistic isolate. Today, Tonkawa people are enrolled in the Federally recognized tribes, federally recognized Tonkawa ...
man who also served as an informant for the
Karankawa language, of which a short vocabulary was recorded. According to Old Simon, the words were from a language that he referred to as "Hanáma" (or "Háname"):
* ‘water’
* ‘Give me water!’
Lexical comparison
Below is a comparison of selected words from Zamponi (2024):
:
See also
*
Amotomanco language
*
Solano language
*
Tanpachoa language
Notes
References
{{Native American Tribes in Texas
Indigenous languages of Texas
Extinct languages of North America
Indigenous languages of North America
Unclassified languages of North America