judeÈ›
A (, plural ) is an administrative division in Romania, and was also used from 1940 to 1947 in the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and from 1998 to 2003 in Moldova.
There are 41 in Romania, divided into municipii (municipalities), ''ora ...
) of
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
roughly translated into county in the western part of the country on the border with
Hungary
Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
, mostly in the region of
Crișana
Crișana (, , ) is a geographical and historical region of Romania named after the Criș (Körös) River and its three tributaries: the Crișul Alb, Crișul Negru, and Crișul Repede. In Romania, the term is sometimes extended to include areas ...
and few villages in
Banat
Banat ( , ; ; ; ) is a geographical and Historical regions of Central Europe, historical region located in the Pannonian Basin that straddles Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. It is divided among three countries: the eastern part lie ...
. The administrative center of the county lies in the city of Arad. The Arad County is part of the
Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion
The Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion (DMKT; ; ; or ) is a euroregion located in Hungary, Romania, and Serbia. It is named after four rivers: Danube, Criș, Mureș, and Tisa.
Member regions
Originally established in 1997, the Danu ...
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany, the country of the Germans and German things
**Germania (Roman era)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...
as . The county was named after its administrative center, Arad.
Geography
The county has a total area of , representing 3.6% of national Romanian territory. The terrain of Arad County is divided into two distinct units that cover almost half of the county each. The eastern side of the county has a hilly to low mountainous terrain (Dealurile Lipovei, Munții Zărandului, Munții Codru Moma) and on the western side it's a plain zone consisting of the ''Arad Plain'', ''Low Mures Plain'', and ''The High Vinga Plain''. Taking altitude into account we notice that it follows a stepped pattern as it drops as we go from the east to the west of the county from 1489 m to below 100 m. In the east there are the Zarand Mountains and the Codru Moma Mountains, all subdivisions of the
Apuseni Mountains
The Apuseni Mountains (, "Western Mountains"; , "Transylvanian Mountains") are a mountain range in Transylvania, Romania, which belongs to the Western Romanian Carpathians. The highest peak is the Bihor Peak at . The Apuseni Mountains have ab ...
, a major group of the Western Carpathians.
Neighbours
*
Alba County
Alba County () is a county (judeÈ›) of Romania located in the historic region of Transylvania. Its capital is Alba Iulia, a city with a population of 63,536.
Name
"Alba", meaning "white" in Latin and Romanian, is derived from the name of the ...
and
Hunedoara County
Hunedoara County () is a county (''județ'') of Romania, in Transylvania, with its capital city at Deva, Romania, Deva. The county is part of the Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion.
Name
In Hungarian language, Hungarian, it is known as , ...
to the East.
*
Hungary
Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
Csongrád
Csongrád (; , archaically also ''Црноград/Crnograd,'' ) is a town in Csongrád County in southern Hungary.
History
At the time of the Hungarian Conquest (the end of 9th century) the Maros Valley was under Bulgarian control. The fortre ...
Counties.
*
Bihor County
Bihor County (, ) is a county (județ) in western Romania. With a total area of , Bihor is Romania's 6th largest county geographically and the main county in the historical region of Crișana. Its capital city is Oradea (Nagyvárad).
Toponymy
...
to the North.
*
TimiÈ™ County
Timiș () is a county (''județ'') of western Romania on the border with Hungary and Serbia, in the historical regions of Romania, historical region of Banat, with the county seat at Timișoara. It is the westernmost and the largest county in Ro ...
to the South.
Climate and precipitation
In terms of climate, the characteristics of Arad county have a typical temperate continental climate with oceanic influences, with a circulation of air masses with a predominantly western ordered direction visible from west to east, with increasing altitude. Average annual temperatures range from 10 °C in the lowlands, the hills and piedmonts 9 °C, 8 °C and 6 °C in the low mountains in the area of greatest height.
Average amounts of precipitation is between annually in the lowlands, annually in the hills and piedmonts and annually in the mountainous area.
Cigher
The Cigher is a left tributary of the river Crișul Alb in Romania. It discharges into the Crișul Alb in Sintea Mică, near Zărand.Canalul Morilor, Canalul Morilor, Ier, Criș Channels
Economy
Along with
TimiÈ™ County
Timiș () is a county (''județ'') of western Romania on the border with Hungary and Serbia, in the historical regions of Romania, historical region of Banat, with the county seat at Timișoara. It is the westernmost and the largest county in Ro ...
it forms one of the most developed regions in Romania. Due to its proximity to the border, it attracts a great number of foreign investments. The agricultural potential is greatly put into value, Arad plains being considered one of the most important cereal and vegetable producing basins.
The predominant industries in the county are:
* Machine and automotive components
* Food
* Textiles
Natural resources in Arad, are worthy to be taken into account as there are oil and associated gases, points of extraction in the west of the county, molibden mines in the Săvârșin area, marble quarries at Căprioara and Moneasa, mineral waters at Lipova, Moneasa, Dorobanți, Curtici, Macea and uranium deposits in the NE part of the county.
Tourism
The main tourist destinations are:
* The city of Arad;
* The MureÈ™ Natural Floodplain Park;
* Bezdin Monastery;
* HodoÈ™-Bodrog Monastery (est. 1177);
* Lipova resort and city;
* Șoimoș, Dezna, and Șiria stone citadels;
* Moneasa resort;
* The areas around
Săvârșin
Săvârșin (, ) is a commune in Arad County, Romania. Săvârșin commune lies at the foot of the Metaliferi Mountains, at its contact point with the Mureș Couloir. Its surface occupies approximately 22000 hectare
The hectare (; SI symbol ...
,
PetriÈ™
Petriș () is a commune in Arad County, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Corbești (''Maroshollód''), Ilteu (''Iltő''), Obârșia (''Óborsa''), Petriș, Roșia Nouă (''Rósa''), and Seliște (''Marosszeleste'').
Geography
The commune ...
According to the 2021 census, the county had a population of 410,143 and the
population density
Population density (in agriculture: Standing stock (disambiguation), standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geog ...
was .
Politics
The Arad County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections, consists of 32 counsellors, with the following party composition:
Administrative divisions
Arad County has 1 municipality, 9 towns and 68 communes with approximately 180 villages.
;Municipalities
* Arad - capital city; population: 172,827 (as of 2002)
;Towns
* Chișineu-Criș
* Curtici
*
Ineu
Ineu (; ) is a town in Arad County, western Transylvania, Romania. It is situated at a distance of from the county capital, Arad, it occupies a surface at the contact point of Crișul Alb Basin and Crișurilor Plateau. Ineu is the main entranc ...
Sântana
Sântana (; ; ) is a town in north-western Romania, in the county of Arad County, Arad. Declared a town in 2003, it administers one village, Caporal Alexa (''Erdőskerek'').
Geography
The town is situated in the northern part of the Arad Platea ...
*
SebiÈ™
Sebiș () is a town in Arad County, western Transylvania, Romania. Situated from the county capital, Sebiș is one of the most important urban centres in the Crișul Alb valley. It administers three villages: Donceni (''Dancsfalva''), Prunișor ...
;Communes
*
AlmaÈ™
AlmaÈ™ () is a commune in Arad County, Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia t ...
BirchiÈ™
BirchiÈ™ (; ) is a commune in Arad County, Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbi ...
Brazii
Brazii () is a Communes of Romania, commune in Arad County, Romania. It is situated in the southern part of the Gurahonț Basin, at the western foot of Măgura Ciungani Mountains and at the northern foot of Husu Massif, in the hydrographical bas ...
Cermei
Cermei (, ) is a commune in Arad County, Romania, situated in the Teuz Plateau, in the basin of the river SartiÈ™
The SartiÈ™ is a right tributary of the river Beliu (river), Beliu in Romania. Formerly a right tributary of the Teuz, its flow w ...
Dezna
Dezna () is a commune in Arad County, Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to ...
Grăniceri
Grăniceri (, ) is a commune in Arad County, Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Se ...
*
GurahonÈ›
GurahonÈ› () is a commune in Arad County, Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbi ...
*
Hălmagiu
Hălmagiu ( ) is a commune in Arad County, Romania.
Hălmagiu commune is situated in the basin with the same name, at the confluence of the Hălmăgel and Crișul Alb Rivers, at the foot of Bihor Mountains. It stretches over 8400 hectare
The ...
Mișca
Mișca () is a commune in Arad County, Romania, in the northern part of the Crișurilor Plateau, in the Teuz valley. Its surface is 1088 ha.
Administration
The commune is composed of four villages:
Population
According to the 2011 census, t ...
PetriÈ™
Petriș () is a commune in Arad County, Romania. It is composed of six villages: Corbești (''Maroshollód''), Ilteu (''Iltő''), Obârșia (''Óborsa''), Petriș, Roșia Nouă (''Rósa''), and Seliște (''Marosszeleste'').
Geography
The commune ...
Săvârșin
Săvârșin (, ) is a commune in Arad County, Romania. Săvârșin commune lies at the foot of the Metaliferi Mountains, at its contact point with the Mureș Couloir. Its surface occupies approximately 22000 hectare
The hectare (; SI symbol ...
Semlac
Semlac () is a commune located in Arad County, in the western part of Romania, near the border with Hungary, is situated in the south-western part of the Arad Plateau, in the large valley of the MureÈ™ River. Its territory occupies . It is compo ...
Șiria
Șiria (; ) is a Communes of Romania, commune in Arad County, Romania. According to the 2002 census it had 8,140 inhabitants.
The commune is situated at from Arad, Romania, Arad, its administrative territory covers , and it lies in the contact z ...
Șofronea
Șofronea () is a commune in Arad County, Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia ...
According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 423,469 inhabitants, 61.0% Romanians, 19.5% Hungarians, 12.3% Germans (
Banat Swabians
The Banat Swabians are an Germans, ethnic German population in the former Kingdom of Hungary in Central Europe, Central-Southeast Europe, part of the Danube Swabians and Germans of Romania. They emigrated in the 18th century to what was then the ...
), 2.8% Slovaks, 2.1% Jews, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, 55.8% declared Eastern Orthodox, 26.5% Roman Catholic, 5.5% Reformed, 4.2% Greek Catholic, 3.2% Lutherans, 2.4% Jewish, 1% Baptists, as well as other minorities.Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 525-528
Urban population
In 1930, the county's urban population was 77,181 inhabitants, 39.3% Romanians, 38.8% Hungarians, 9.1% Jews, 7.1% Germans (Banat Swabians), 1.7% Serbs and Croats, 1.4% Slovaks, as well as other minorities. In the urban area, languages were Hungarian (53.3%), Romanian (37.0%), German (6.0%), Serbian (1.4%), Yiddish (0.9%), as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed of Roman Catholics (38.5%), Eastern Orthodox (33.8%), Jewish (10.1%), Reformed (9.9%), Greek Catholics (4.0%), Lutherans (2.6%), as well as other minorities.
Industry
The county's capital, Arad, was the location of Romania's first automotive factory. During the 1920s, ''Astra'' cars and commercial vehicles were made at Arad. ASTRA Arad manufactured automobiles from 1922 to 1926. The factory had an output of 2 automobiles per
working day
A business day normally means any day except a legal holiday. It may also mean a business day of operation, any of the days an organization operates. It depends on the local workweek which is dictated by local customs, religions, and business ...
as of 1922.Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of Commerce, 1922, ''Commerce Reports, Volume 1'', p. 105
See also
*
Arad County
Arad County () is an administrative division ( județ) of Romania roughly translated into county in the western part of the country on the border with Hungary, mostly in the region of Crișana and few villages in Banat. The administrative cente ...
of the
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from 1000 to 1946 and was a key part of the Habsburg monarchy from 1526-1918. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the Coro ...