The Arab Socialist Action Party – Lebanon or ASAP–L ( , ''Hizb al-'Amal al-Ishtiraki al-'Arabi - Lubnan''), is the Lebanese branch of the Arab Socialist Action Party. The party is the Lebanese equivalent of the

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP; ) is a secular Palestinian Marxist–Leninist organization founded in 1967 by George Habash. It has consistently been the second-largest of the groups forming the Palestine Liberation ...

(PFLP).

Origins

The party was founded by

George Habash George Habash (1 August 1926 – 26 January 2008) was a Palestinian politician and physician who was the founder and first general-secretary of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) from 1967 to 2000. Habash was born in Ly ...

in 1969 and was closely linked to the PFLP, which Habash also led. The party held its first congress in 1972, during which it distanced itself from other communists by advocating violence as the best means by which to end

class conflict In political science, the term class conflict, class struggle, or class war refers to the economic antagonism and political tension that exist among social classes because of clashing interests, competition for limited resources, and inequali ...

. Although a secular group, most of the party's membership came from the

Shia Muslim Shia Islam is the second-largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam. It holds that Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib () as both his political Succession to Muhammad, successor (caliph) and as the spiritual le ...

community.

The ASAP–L in the Lebanese Civil War

The ASAP–L was a member of the

Lebanese National Resistance Front The Lebanese National Resistance Front (LNRF; ), best known by its Arabic acronym, ‘Jammoul’ (جمول), was a leftist alliance led by Walid Jumblatt’s Progressive Socialist Party, active in Lebanon from the 1982-1990 phase of the Civil ...

during the

Lebanese Civil War The Lebanese Civil War ( ) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990. It resulted in an estimated 150,000 fatalities and led to the exodus of almost one million people from Lebanon. The religious diversity of the ...

. In 1976, the party confiscated the estates of the Shia za'im

Kazem al-Khalil Kazem Ismail al-Khalil (1901 – 22 April 1990) – commonly known as Kazem al-Khalil or Kazem el-Khalil, also transliterated Kazim from the Arabic language, Arabic (كاظم إسماعيل الخليل) – was a lawyer, doyen Member of parliamen ...

at a village near Tyre. The purpose of the confiscation was to turn the estates into a collective; but the SAAP soon lost control of the estates in 1982 with the Israeli invasion. The party's leader Hussein Hamdan took part in the founding of the

, along with

George Hawi George Hawi (; born 5 November 1938 – 21 June 2005) was a Lebanese politician and former secretary general of the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP). An outspoken critic of Syrian interference in Lebanese affairs, he was killed in 2005 by a bomb ...

of the

Lebanese Communist Party The Lebanese Communist Party (LCP; , transliterated: ) is a communist party in Lebanon. It was founded in 1943 as a division of the Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party into the Syrian Communist Party and the Lebanese Communist Party, but the divi ...

and

Mohsen Ibrahim Mohsin Ibrahim ( ''Muḥsin ‘Ibrāhīm''), Kunya (Arabic), kunya Abu Khaled (; 1935 – June 3, 2020), was a Lebanon, Lebanese politician. He was a prominent personality of the Lebanese and Arab left. Initially a Nasserism, Nasserist nationali ...

of the Communist Action Organization.

References

Bibliography

*Tom Najem and Roy C. Amore, ''Historical Dictionary of Lebanon'', Second Edition, Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, Boulder, New York & London 2021. , 1538120437 1969 establishments in Lebanon Arab nationalism in Lebanon Arab nationalist militant groups Offshoots of the Arab Nationalist Movement Arab nationalist political parties Factions in the Lebanese Civil War Lebanese National Resistance Front Marxist parties in Lebanon Nationalist parties in Lebanon Pan-Arabist political parties Political parties established in 1969 Political parties with year of disestablishment missing Secularism in Lebanon Socialist parties in Lebanon {{Lebanon-party-stub

Origins

The ASAP–L in the Lebanese Civil War

See also

References

Bibliography