The Apothecaries' Hall of Ireland is one of only two extant successors of a medieval Dublin guild. Apothecaries in Dublin were first organized as members of the 1446 Guild of Barbers, with St Mary Magdelene as the patron saint. In 1747, Apothecaries formed their own guild, with St Luke as the patron. In 1791, the Company of Apothecaries’ Hall was formed for the purposes of building their own Hall and regulating practitioners throughout Ireland. Although the Company ceased licensing doctors in 1971, it continues to exist as a

statutory corporation A statutory corporation is a corporation, government entity created as a statutory body by statute. Their precise nature varies by jurisdiction, but they are corporations owned by a government or controlled by national or sub-national government ...

. The Company of Apothecaries’ Hall now shares premises with the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland on Kildare Street, Dublin.

History

Guild of St Mary Magdelene

Early apothecaries in Dublin were members of the Guild of Barbers. The patron of the guild was St Mary Magdelene. The Barbers’ Guild was founded in 1446 by a charter of Henry VI (25 Henry VI) (the earliest royal or secular medical foundation in Britain or Ireland, before equivalent civic establishments by the City of Edinburgh in 1505, and by the City of London in 1462), and it was united with Surgeons in 1576 by a charter of Elizabeth I (19 Eliz. I) (Barbers and Surgeons were united in London in 1540, by an act of Parliament). The Guild of St Mary Magdelene of Barbers, Surgeons, Apothecaries and Periwig-makers was 4th in the guilds' order of precedence and had four members on Common Council of the City of Dublin.

Guild of St Luke

The Apothecaries separated from the Barber-Surgeons in 1747, by a royal charter of George II of 1745 (20 Geo. II). The patron of the new Apothecaries’ Guild was St Luke the Evangelist, and the Guild of St Luke was 25th in precedence, with two members on the Common Council of Dublin Corporation. (The Barbers’ representation on the Common Council dropped from four to two members when the Apothecaries seceded). The guild colours (established in 1767) were purple and orange. (These may have been a variation of the gold/blue livery colours of the London Worshipful Society of Apothecaries – which had seceded from the London Grocers’ Company in 1617 – and the crest of which – a rhinoceros – appears to also have been adopted by the Dublin guild.)

Company of Apothecaries' Hall

In 1791, by an act of Parliament, the (31 Geo. 3. c. 34 (I)), the Company of Apothecaries' Hall was established following a petition from the Master, Wardens and Commonality of the Corporation of Apothecaries (the Guild of St Luke) and other apothecaries of the City of Dublin (as "The Governor and Company of the Apothecaries' Hall of the City of Dublin"). The purpose of the new company was primarily to raise a fund to erect a Hall, but also to prevent "frauds and abuses" so that from thereon there might be a single "...company or fraternity of judicious apothecaries...". The Company had jurisdiction over the whole Kingdom of Ireland. The company – although the governance, structure and membership would have been practically the same – was an entity independent of the guild. As noted in the act, the first governor was Henry Hunt (1707-1796), who had previously been appointed the first State Apothecary (1784). He was born at Curragh Chase according to '' Burke's'', the son of John "of Glangoole" Hunt and Margaret Bowles, his second wife. Amongst the principal duties of the company from its foundation was to examine candidates and qualify them to trade as an apothecary. A licence from Apothecaries' Hall (LAH) became a registrable qualification when the

General Medical Council The General Medical Council (GMC) is a public body that maintains the official register of physician, medical practitioners within the United Kingdom. Its chief responsibility is to "protect, promote and maintain the health and safety of the pu ...

was established as the regulator of medical practitioners in 1858, confirming that holders of the qualification practised medicine. The company continued to license doctors until 1971 when the

and the Medical Registration Council of Ireland ceased to recognise qualifications from Apothecaries' Hall. Since an Act of Parliament established the hall, legislation would also be needed to close it. Although it cannot exercise its original functions of teaching, qualifying and regulating medical practitioners, The Company of Apothecaries’ Hall continues to the present day as one of only two direct extant successors of a medieval Dublin guild. It operates as a fraternal and charitable organisation, issuing licenses only to already-qualified practitioners from all fields of medicine. Occasionally, Honorary Licences (HonLAH) are awarded to prominent medical figures. The other extant successor of a Dublin Guild is the Company of Goldsmiths (similarly a successor to the medieval Guild of All Saints) which still runs the Dublin Assay Office.

Guildhalls and Premises

The Guild of St Luke met at the Three Stags’ Heads Tavern on Eustace Street, Dublin. In 1791, Apothecaries' Hall was erected at 40 Mary Street, at a cost of £6,000. The hall contained a spacious chemical laboratory where medicines were prepared. Lectures were delivered at the hall, and part of it was also a wholesale warehouse, where the apothecaries could procure their materials. In 1837, the medical school of the Apothecaries’ Hall was established in Cecilia Street, Dublin, which received the necessary recognition from the

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) is a not-for-profit medical professional and educational institution, which is also known as RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences. It was established in 1784 as the national body ...

. In 1854, the buildings and contents were purchased for £1,500 in the name of Andrew Ellis FRCSI, Professor of Surgery in the School of Apothecaries' Hall at Cecilia Street, and a Catholic, to form the Catholic University Medical School which opened in 1855. In 1923, Apothecaries’ Hall moved to 95 Merrion Square, which was sold in 2011. The Company of Apothecaries’ Hall is now housed by the

Royal College of Physicians of Ireland The Royal College of Physicians of Ireland (RCPI), () is an Irish professional body dedicated to improving the practice of general medicine and related medical specialty, medical specialities, chiefly through the accreditation of physicians by e ...

at its premises on Kildare Street.

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