Aplerbeck is a borough (''
Stadtbezirk'') of the city of
Dortmund
Dortmund (; ; ) is the third-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia, after Cologne and Düsseldorf, and the List of cities in Germany by population, ninth-largest city in Germany. With a population of 614,495 inhabitants, it is the largest city ...
in the
Ruhr district of
North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia or North-Rhine/Westphalia, commonly shortened to NRW, is a States of Germany, state () in Old states of Germany, Western Germany. With more than 18 million inhabitants, it is the List of German states by population, most ...
, Germany. Since 1929, it has been a suburb of Dortmund, located in the city's south-east. The river
Emscher, a tributary of the
Ruhr
The Ruhr ( ; , also ''Ruhrpott'' ), also referred to as the Ruhr Area, sometimes Ruhr District, Ruhr Region, or Ruhr Valley, is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population density of 1,160/km2 and a populati ...
, crosses Aplerbeck.
Aplerbeck was first documented as a village in 899. The place is associated with the death of two martyrs
both named Ewald in the 7th century, according to the
Golden Legend. Aplerbeck was the location of
mining
Mining is the Resource extraction, extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth. Mining is required to obtain most materials that cannot be grown through agriculture, agricultural processes, or feasib ...
and
heavy industry
Heavy industry is an industry that involves one or more characteristics such as large and heavy products; large and heavy equipment and facilities (such as heavy equipment, large machine tools, huge buildings and large-scale infrastructure); o ...
as part of the Ruhr from the 19th century to 1926, resulting in a larger population and the building of a representative town hall and a larger church. A psychiatric hospital of regional importance, founded in 1890, is still in operation, now as .
History
The first document mentioning Aplerbeck, then ''Afaldrabechi'', is a founding document (''Stiftungsurkunde'') of 899, a term containing "apple" and "creek". According to the
Golden Legend, two missionaries, the
Two Ewalds, were killed near Aplerbeck in the 7th century.
With industrialisation, mining was done in . In 1855, Aplerbeck was connected by rail of the
Cologne-Minden Railway Company. The was founded in 1862.
In 1890, the
Prussian state government chose Aplerbeck as the home of a new psychiatric clinic to serve the
Ruhr area
The Ruhr ( ; , also ''Ruhrpott'' ), also referred to as the Ruhr Area, sometimes Ruhr District, Ruhr Region, or Ruhr Valley, is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population density of 1,160/km2 and a populati ...
.
A former farm was acquired, to employ the patients in agriculture. Named ''Westfälische Provinzial-Heilanstalt Aplerbeck'' (later short: ''Westfälische Klinik'' and ''Heilanstalt'') in 1904,
it was meant to house 660 patients.
The town hall of Aplerbeck, , was built in 1906/07 by . The Aplerbecker Hütte was closed in 1925. Aplerbeck became part of Dortmund on 1 August 1929.
During the reign of the
Nazis
Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...
, Jewish citizens were deported, only 30 of 120 in 1933 could emigrate. Around 340 patients of the psychiatric clinic were sterilised.
In 1941, 95 patients were moved to Hadamar and killed.
Religion
The
Georgskirche is a
Romanesque church which is first mentioned in a document in 1147, but probably is based on an older building from the 9th century. The
Reformation
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation, was a time of major Theology, theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the p ...
reached Aplerbeck in 1570.
With the industrialisation, a larger church was needed.
The
Große Kirche Aplerbeck was built in
Gothic Revival style after a design by
Christian Heyden from 1867 to 1869.
The Georgskirche was no longer used and deteriorated. It was restored in 1963, and is now the main location for Protestant services,
while the larger church is often used for concerts.
As many people of Polish origin settled in Aplerbeck, they needed a Catholic church, which was built after a design by and consecrated on 21 December 1880, named after the martyrs.
After World War II, this church became too small for a growing congregation. It was replaced in 1971 by a new church.
File:Aplerbeck Kirche St Georg.jpg, Georgskirche
File:Titelbild des Kirchenführers Der Zeigefinger Gottes von Siegfried Liesenberg..jpg, ''Der Zeigefinger Gottes'' (God's index finger)
Personalities
*
Wilhelm Canaris
Wilhelm Franz Canaris (1 January 1887 – 9 April 1945) was a admiral (Germany), German admiral and the chief of the ''Abwehr'' (the German military intelligence, military-intelligence service) from 1935 to 1944. Initially a supporter of Ad ...
(1887–1945), Admiral
*
Paul Graebner (1871–1933), botanist
*
Heinz Eberhard Strüning (1896–1986), painter, artist
*
Fedja Röchling MBBCH (1962) Transplant Hepatologist and Professor of Medicine Omaha Nebraska USA
*
Dr.med Marianne Röchling (1933-1995), Gynecologist
*
Dr vet. Erwin Röchling (1899-1999) Veterinarian Dortmund
*
Wilhelm Stricker (1874-1927) Amtsbaumeister
*
Manfred Röchling (1934) Director i.R Strassenbauwesen Dortmund
Literature
* Siegfried Niehaus: ''Aplerbeck''. Heinrich Borgmann, Dortmund 1977.
* Siegfried Niehaus: ''Kleine Geschichte des Amtes Aplerbeck''. Stadtsparkasse Dortmund, 1980.
* Uwe Bitzel: ''Lebensunwert. Die Heilanstalt Aplerbeck und ihre Kranken während des Nationalsozialismus''. Montania, Dortmund 1995, .
* Hans Georg Kirchhoff, Siegfried Liesenberg (ed.): ''1100 Jahre Aplerbeck: Festschrift im Auftrag des Vereins für Heimatpflege''. Essen 1998, .
* Georg Eggenstein (ed.): ''Aplerbeck. Sechs Profile – Ein Gesicht''. Limosa, Clenze 2010, .
References
External links
StadtbezirksportalDortmund
Berichte über AplerbeckAplerbecker GeschichteAplerbeck history
{{authority control
Dortmund