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Anubanini, also Anobanini ( akk, 𒀭𒉡𒁀𒉌𒉌: ''An-nu-ba-ni-ni''), was a king (
Some later legends, such as the ''
Anubanini Rock Relief 1.jpg,
Anubanini_relief_components.jpg,
File:Anubanini relief constituents King Anubanini portrait.jpg, Portrait of king Anubanini.
File:Annubanini.jpg, The name ''Annubanini'' as it appears at the beginning of the
𒈗
Lugal ( Sumerian: ) is the Sumerian term for "king, ruler". Literally, the term means "big man." In Sumerian, ''lu'' "𒇽" is "man" and ''gal'' "𒃲" is "great," or "big."
It was one of several Sumerian titles that a ruler of a city-state coul ...
''Šàr'', pronounced ''Shar'') of the pre-Iranian
Iranian may refer to:
* Iran, a sovereign state
* Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran
* Iranian lan ...
tribal kingdom of Lullubi
Lullubi, Lulubi ( akk, 𒇻𒇻𒉈: ''Lu-lu-bi'', akk, 𒇻𒇻𒉈𒆠: ''Lu-lu-biki'' "Country of the Lullubi"), more commonly known as Lullu, were a group of tribes during the 3rd millennium BC, from a region known as ''Lulubum'', now the Sh ...
in the Zagros Mountains
The Zagros Mountains ( ar, جبال زاغروس, translit=Jibal Zaghrus; fa, کوههای زاگرس, Kuh hā-ye Zāgros; ku, چیاکانی زاگرۆس, translit=Çiyakani Zagros; Turkish: ''Zagros Dağları''; Luri: ''Kuh hā-ye Zāgro ...
circa 2300 BCE, or relatively later during the Isin-Larsa period of Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia ''Mesopotamíā''; ar, بِلَاد ٱلرَّافِدَيْن or ; syc, ܐܪܡ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ, or , ) is a historical region of Western Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the F ...
, circa 2000-1900 BCE. He is known especially from the Anubanini rock relief
The Anubanini petroglyph, also called Sar-e Pol-e Zohab II or Sarpol-i Zohab relief, is a rock relief from the Akkadian Empire period (circa 2300 BC) or the Isin-Larsa period (early second millennium BC) and is located in Kermanshah Province, I ...
, located in Kermanshah Province, Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkm ...
.
According to an inscription, Annubanini seems to have been contemporary with Simurrum
The Simurrum Kingdom ( akk, 𒋛𒈬𒌨𒊑𒅎: ''Si-mu-ur-ri-im'') was an important city state of the Mesopotamian area from around 2000 BCE to 1500 BCE, during the period of the Akkadian Empire down to Ur III. The Simurrum Kingdom disappears f ...
king Iddin-Sin
Iddin-Sin ( akk, 𒀭𒄿𒋾𒀭𒂗𒍪: '' DI-ti-n Sîn'') was a King (𒈗 ''Šàr'', pronounced ''Shar'') of the Kingdom of Simurrum around 2000 to 1900 BCE. Simurrum was an important city state of the Mesopotamian area, during the period o ...
. Another well-known Lullubi king is Satuni
Satuni, or Sutuni ( akk, 𒊓𒌅𒉌: ''Sa-tu-ni''), was a king or prince of the kingdom of Lullubi c. 2270 BC.
Satuni was defeated by Sargon's grandson Naram Sin, a defeat which is mentioned in the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin:
File:Naram ...
, who was vanquished by the Mesopotamian king Naram-Sin Naram-Suen (Naram-Sin) may refer to any of four kings in the history of Mesopotamia:
* Naram-Sin of Akkad (), an Akkadian king, the most famous of the four
* Naram-Sin of Assyria (), an Assyrian king
* Naram-Sin of Uruk (), a king of Uruk
* Na ...
circa 2250 BCE.
Anubanini rock relief
In this rock relief, Anubanini, the king of theLullubi
Lullubi, Lulubi ( akk, 𒇻𒇻𒉈: ''Lu-lu-bi'', akk, 𒇻𒇻𒉈𒆠: ''Lu-lu-biki'' "Country of the Lullubi"), more commonly known as Lullu, were a group of tribes during the 3rd millennium BC, from a region known as ''Lulubum'', now the Sh ...
, puts his foot on the chest of a captive. There are 8 other captives, two of them kneeled behind the Lullubian equivalent of the Akkadian goddess Ishtar
Inanna, also sux, 𒀭𒊩𒌆𒀭𒈾, nin-an-na, label=none is an ancient Mesopotamian goddess of love, war, and fertility. She is also associated with beauty, sex, divine justice, and political power. She was originally worshiped in S ...
(recognisable by the four pairs of horns on her headdress and the weapons over her shoulders) and six of them standing in a lower row at the bottom of the rock relief. He is faced by goddess Nini/Innana
Inanna, also sux, 𒀭𒊩𒌆𒀭𒈾, nin-an-na, label=none is an ancient Mesopotamian goddess of love, war, and fertility. She is also associated with beauty, sex, divine justice, and political power. She was originally worshiped in S ...
/Ishtar
Inanna, also sux, 𒀭𒊩𒌆𒀭𒈾, nin-an-na, label=none is an ancient Mesopotamian goddess of love, war, and fertility. She is also associated with beauty, sex, divine justice, and political power. She was originally worshiped in S ...
, and it is thought that he may have claimed divinity, like several rulers after the end of the Third Dynasty of Ur
The Third Dynasty of Ur, also called the Neo-Sumerian Empire, refers to a 22nd to 21st century BC (middle chronology) Sumerian ruling dynasty based in the city of Ur and a short-lived territorial-political state which some historians consider to ...
.
This rock relief is very similar to the Behistun Inscription and may have influenced it.
In the inscription in Akkadian Akkadian or Accadian may refer to:
* Akkadians, inhabitants of the Akkadian Empire
* Akkadian language, an extinct Eastern Semitic language
* Akkadian literature, literature in this language
* Akkadian cuneiform, early writing system
* Akkadian myt ...
script and language, he declares himself as the mighty king of Lullubium, who had set up his image as well as that of Ishtar
Inanna, also sux, 𒀭𒊩𒌆𒀭𒈾, nin-an-na, label=none is an ancient Mesopotamian goddess of love, war, and fertility. She is also associated with beauty, sex, divine justice, and political power. She was originally worshiped in S ...
on mount Batir, and calls on various deities to preserve his monument:
Raids on Guthium, Elam, and Babylonian territory
Some later legends, such as the ''Cuthean Legend of Naram-Sin The Cuthean Legend of Naram-Sin is one of the few literary works whose versions are attested in both Old Babylonian, Middle Babylonian and the Standard Babylonian of the late Neo-Babylonian period, a literary life of around 1,500 years. It seems to ...
'', describe a king Anubanini during the reign of Naram-Sin Naram-Suen (Naram-Sin) may refer to any of four kings in the history of Mesopotamia:
* Naram-Sin of Akkad (), an Akkadian king, the most famous of the four
* Naram-Sin of Assyria (), an Assyrian king
* Naram-Sin of Uruk (), a king of Uruk
* Na ...
(c. 2254–2218 BCE), who used to raid the fertile lands of the Babylonian plain from his mountain territory on the eastern frontier. The epic ''Cuthean Legend of Naram-Sin'' claims Gutium
The Guti () or Quti, also known by the derived exonyms Gutians or Guteans, were a nomadic people of West Asia, around the Zagros Mountains (Modern Iran) during ancient times. Their homeland was known as Gutium ( Sumerian: ,''Gu-tu-umki'' or ,''G ...
and Elam among the lands raided by the hordes led by Anubanini. According to this account Anubanini was only stopped at the shores of the Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The bo ...
.
Depictions
Anubanini rock relief
The Anubanini petroglyph, also called Sar-e Pol-e Zohab II or Sarpol-i Zohab relief, is a rock relief from the Akkadian Empire period (circa 2300 BC) or the Isin-Larsa period (early second millennium BC) and is located in Kermanshah Province, I ...
inscription.
file:Lulu king 2.jpg, Drawing- Queen Lulubian from the relief of Sarpolzahab. The second half of the third millennium BC
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anubanini Middle Eastern monarchs 23rd-century BC monarchs