Anti-war Protests In Russia (2022–present)
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{{Infobox civil conflict , title = Anti-war protests in Russia (2022–present) , partof = the protests against the
Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...
, the
Russo-Ukrainian War The Russo-Ukrainian War began in February 2014 and is ongoing. Following Ukraine's Revolution of Dignity, Russia Russian occupation of Crimea, occupied and Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, annexed Crimea from Ukraine. It then ...
, and
Russian opposition Opposition to the government of President Vladimir Putin in Russia, commonly referred to as the Russian opposition, can be divided between the parliamentary opposition parties in the State Duma and the various Non-system opposition, non-systemi ...
protest rallies , image = , caption = Picketers at the 1905 Square in
Yekaterinburg Yekaterinburg (, ; ), alternatively Romanization of Russian, romanized as Ekaterinburg and formerly known as Sverdlovsk ( ; 1924–1991), is a city and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Ural Federal District, Russia. The ci ...
, February 2022 , date = {{start date, df=yes, 2022, 02, 24 – ''present'' ({{age in years, months, weeks and days, month1=2, day1=24, year1=2022) , place = Russia , causes = {{ubl,
Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...
,
2022 Russian mobilization On 21 September 2022, seven months into the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia declared a partial mobilization of Reservist, military reservists. The decision was made a day after the announcement of 2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occ ...
, goals = {{ubl, Withdrawal of troops from Ukraine, End of the mobilization, Resignation of
Vladimir Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who has served as President of Russia since 2012, having previously served from 2000 to 2008. Putin also served as Prime Minister of Ru ...
and
Mikhail Mishustin Mikhail Vladimirovich Mishustin (born 3 March 1966) is a Russian politician and economist serving as the current prime minister of Russia since 16 January 2020. He previously served as the director of the Federal Taxation Service from 2010 to ...
, methods = {{ubl, Demonstrations,
Internet activism Internet activism involves the use of electronic-communication technologies such as social media, e-mail, and podcasts for various forms of activism to enable faster and more effective communication by citizen social movement , movements, the deliv ...
,
Picketing Picketing is a form of protest in which people (called pickets or picketers) congregate outside a place of work or location where an event is taking place. Often, this is done in an attempt to dissuade others from going in (" crossing the pi ...
,
Vandalism Vandalism is the action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property. The term includes property damage, such as graffiti and defacement directed towards any property without permission of the owner. The t ...
,
Civil disobedience Civil disobedience is the active and professed refusal of a citizenship, citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders, or commands of a government (or any other authority). By some definitions, civil disobedience has to be nonviolent to be cal ...
,
Protest A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration, or remonstrance) is a public act of objection, disapproval or dissent against political advantage. Protests can be thought of as acts of cooperation in which numerous people cooperate ...
marches , status = Ongoing * Protests largely subsided * Severe government crackdown on protests * Protests partially spilled over into a
partisan movement Partisan(s) or The Partisan(s) may refer to: Military * Partisan (military), paramilitary forces engaged behind the front line ** Francs-tireurs et partisans, communist-led French anti-fascist resistance against Nazi Germany during WWII ** Itali ...
** Partisan movement spilled over into Belarus , side2 = {{flagicon image, White-blue-white flag.svg Opposition: * {{flagicon image, Logo of the Feminist Anti-War Resistance 01-en.svg
Feminist Anti-War Resistance Feminist Anti-War Resistance (FAR or FAWR, ) is a group of Russian feminists founded in February 2022 to protest against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. In its first month, FAR became "one of Russia’s fastest-growing anti-war campaigns", a ...
*{{flagicon, Russia
Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...
Liberals ** {{flagicon image, Flag of the Vesna (Russia).svg
Vesna Vesna may refer to: * Vesna (mythology), female characters associated with youth and springtime in early Slavic mythology *Vesna (given name), Slavic female name, includes a list of people with the name *Vesna (surname), includes a list of people ...
* {{flagicon image, Anarchist_Flag.svg
Anarchists Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or hierarchy, primarily targeting the state and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state w ...
** {{flagicon image, Anarchist black cross logo.svg
Anarchist Black Cross The Anarchist Black Cross (ABC), formerly the Anarchist Red Cross, is an anarchist support organization. The group is notable for its efforts at providing prisoners with political literature, but it also organizes material and legal support for c ...
** {{flagicon image, Logo of the Party of the Dead.svg
Party of the Dead The Party of the Dead () is a Russian art activist project created in 2017 by members of the art group and artist Maxim Evstropov. Background Several similar art projects can be noted in the post-Soviet space, bearing a similar name and hav ...
{{Cite web , date=13 April 2022 , title="Русские русских не хоронят". Как арт-протест в России отвечает на войну с Украиной , url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-61095167 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420191616/https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-61095167 , archive-date=20 April 2022 , access-date=21 April 2022 , website=
BBC The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England. Originally established in 1922 as the British Broadcasting Company, it evolved into its current sta ...
{{Cite news , date=6 January 2019 , title="Живые не вполне живы". Партия мертвых на пути к некроинтернационалу , url=https://www.svoboda.org/a/29679508.html , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421194953/https://www.svoboda.org/a/29679508.html , archive-date=21 April 2022 , access-date=21 April 2022 , website=
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a media organization broadcasting news and analyses in 27 languages to 23 countries across Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Middle East. Headquartered in Prague since 1995, RFE/RL ...
, last1=Павлова , first1=Светлана
* {{flagicon image, Gadsden_flag.svg
Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...
Libertarians Libertarianism (from ; or from ) is a political philosophy that holds freedom, personal sovereignty, and liberty as primary values. Many libertarians believe that the concept of freedom is in accord with the Non-Aggression Principle, according ...
** {{flagicon image, Русский_либертарианский_флаг_(собственная_оцифровка_эскиза).svg
Libertarian Party of Russia The Libertarian Party of Russia () is a libertarian political party in the Russian Federation founded in 2008 based on "self-ownership and non-aggression". The party has had two members elected to local office, one in Moscow and the other in Mosc ...
{{cite web , url=https://libertarian-party.ru/posts/32fa08c2-88c7-4091-98d5-236cde3f11bc , title=Скажем "НЕТ!" войне! , trans-title=Let's say "NO!" war! , work=libertarian-party.ru , access-date=1 March 2022 , archive-date=28 February 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228202201/https://libertarian-party.ru/posts/32fa08c2-88c7-4091-98d5-236cde3f11bc , url-status=live * {{flagicon image, Flag of the Organisation of Communist Internationalists.svg Organisation of Communist Internationalists{{cite news , newspaper=Официальный Сайт Марксистской Тенденции | Мт , date=28 February 2022 , script-title=ru:События в Украине: классовая интернационалистская позиция , trans-title=Events in Ukraine: class internationalist position , url=https://marxist.news/longrides/vojna-v-ukraine-klassovaya-internaczionalistskaya-pozicziya/ , access-date=5 March 2022 , language=ru , archive-date=5 March 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305092254/https://marxist.news/longrides/vojna-v-ukraine-klassovaya-internaczionalistskaya-pozicziya/ , url-status=live ** {{flagicon image, Флаг МТ.png
Marxist Tendency The Marxist Tendency (; MT) was a Trotskyist organization in Russia, created in May 2019 as a result of the merger of the Russian section of the International Marxist Tendency with a faction of the Revolutionary Workers' Party. According to its o ...
(until 2023) * Revolutionary Workers' Party * {{flagicon image, Flag of the Russian Socialist Movement.svg Russian Socialist Movement (until 2024) * {{flagicon image, Flag of the Left Socialist Action.png
Left Socialist Action Left Socialist Action or Left Social Democrats (LevSD ) is a social democratic and democratic socialist political organization in Russia founded in August 2007. The movement is part of the Union of Democratic Socialists. Ideology According to t ...
{{Cite web , date=1 March 2022 , title=Нет войне! Активисты участвуют в акциях протеста , url=http://levsd.ru/?p=6367 , access-date=30 August 2022 , website=Левое Социалистическое Действие , language=ru-RU , archive-date=30 August 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830213215/http://levsd.ru/?p=6367 , url-status=live * {{flagicon image, Flag_of_the_Dagestan_protesters_(2022).svg North Caucasian protesters ** {{flagicon image, Flag of the Adat People's Movement.svg Adat People's Movement{{efn, In
Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...
** {{flagicon, Circassia Circassian nationalists ** {{flagicon image, Flag of the Ingush Liberation Army.svg Ingush Independence Committee {{Hidden begin , title=Supported by: * {{flagicon image, لجنة روسيا.png Anti-War Committee of Russia *{{flagicon image, Logo of the Congress of People's Deputies (Russia, 2022).svg Congress of People's Deputies * {{flagicon image, White-blue-white flag.svg Russian Action Committee * {{flagicon image, Gay Pride Flag.svg Russian LGBT Network * {{flagicon image, Flag of Buryatia.svg Free Buryatia Foundation *{{flagicon, Circassia KAFFED * {{flagicon image, Flag of the Congress of the Oirat-Kalmyk nation.png Oirat-Kalmyk People's Congress{{Cite web , date=10 March 2022 , title=Kalmyk people congress – let oligarchs and their children fight! , url=https://idel-ural.org/en/archives/kalmyk-people-congress-let-oligarchs-and-their-children-fight/ , access-date=21 June 2022 , website=Free Idel-Ural , language=en-US , archive-date=21 March 2023 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321213318/https://idel-ural.org/en/archives/kalmyk-people-congress-let-oligarchs-and-their-children-fight/ , url-status=live * {{flagicon image, Flag_of_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria.svg Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Government in Exile{{cite news , url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-chechens-and-georgians-in-ukraine-preparing-to-continue-fight-against/ , title=Chechens and Georgians in Ukraine preparing to continue fight against Putin on a new front , website=
The Globe and Mail ''The Globe and Mail'' is a Newspapers in Canada, Canadian newspaper printed in five cities in Western Canada, western and central Canada. With a weekly readership of more than 6 million in 2024, it is Canada's most widely read newspaper on week ...
, date=13 February 2022 , access-date=7 March 2022 , last1=MacKinnon , first1=Mark , archive-date=7 March 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307145713/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-chechens-and-georgians-in-ukraine-preparing-to-continue-fight-against/ , url-status=live
{{Cite web , title=Leader of unrecognised Ichkeria met with officials in Ukraine , url=https://caucasuswatch.de/news/5435.html , website=Caucasus Watch , date=30 May 2022 , access-date=18 October 2022 , archive-date=18 October 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018153633/https://caucasuswatch.de/news/5435.html , url-status=live * {{flagicon image, Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991–1995, 3-2).svg
Belarusian opposition The Belarusian opposition consists of groups and individuals in Belarus seeking to challenge, from 1988 to 1991, the authorities of Soviet Belarus, and since 1995, the leader of the country Alexander Lukashenko (allied with Vladimir Putin), whom ...
* {{flagicon image, Logo of the Anti-Corruption Foundation (2022).svg
Anti-Corruption Foundation The Anti-Corruption Foundation (ACF or FBK; ; ) is a non-profit organization established in 2011 by the Russian opposition figure Alexei Navalny. The FBK published investigations into alleged corruption by high-ranking Russian government official ...
* {{flagicon image, Logo of the True Russia.svg True Russia * {{flagicon image, Logo_of_the_Free_Nations_of_Russia_Forum.svg
Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum The Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum (FNRF or FSNR; ) is a forum founded by Ukrainian restaurant business owner Oleg Magaletsky, exiled Russian separatists, as well as foreign sympathizers, which advocates for the disintegration of Russia. It ...
* {{flagicon image, Russia of the Future logo.svg
Russia of the Future Russia of the Future (, ), originally known as the People's Alliance () and formerly called the Progress Party (), is a banned opposition political party in Russia founded on 15 December 2012 by Leonid Volkov and later refounded on 19 May 2018 ...
{{cite web , title=Russian opposition figure Alexey Navalny calls on people in Russia and Belarus to go to the main squares of their cities and protest against invasion of Ukraine , url=https://www.twitter.com/spectatorindex/status/1498953364897681411?s=20&t=Z8wuj-CsJD0yI1qMTl-teA , url-status=live , website=The Spectator Index , access-date=2 March 2022 , archive-date=2 March 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302092834/https://twitter.com/spectatorindex/status/1498953364897681411 * {{flagicon image, Yabloko logo 2018.svg
Yabloko The Russian United Democratic Party Yabloko (RUDP Yabloko; rus, Росси́йская объединённая демократи́ческая па́ртия «Я́блоко», Rossiyskaya obyedinyonnaya demokraticheskaya partiya "Yabloko" ...
* {{flagicon image, PARNAS logo.svg
People's Freedom Party People's Freedom Party may mean one of the following: * People's Freedom Party (Russia) * People's Freedom Party "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption" * Constitutional Democratic Party, also called the People's Freedom Party * Constit ...
* {{flagicon image, Русский либертарианский флаг (собственная оцифровка эскиза).svg
Libertarian Party of Russia The Libertarian Party of Russia () is a libertarian political party in the Russian Federation founded in 2008 based on "self-ownership and non-aggression". The party has had two members elected to local office, one in Moscow and the other in Mosc ...
* {{flagicon image, PPRu logo2012.svg Pirate Party of Russia * {{flagicon image, Flag of the 5th of December Party.png 5th of December Party * {{flagicon image, Flag of the Solidarnost.svg
Solidarnost United Democratic Movement "Solidarnost" (; ''Obyedinonnoye demokraticheskoye dvizheniye «Solidarnost»'', ''ODD "Solidarnost"''), abbreviated ODD "Solidarnost" (Russian for "Solidarity", named after the Polish Solidarność), is a Russian lib ...
* {{flagicon image, Logo of the Party of Growth (2020).svg
Party of Growth Party of Growth (, ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Russia which had representatives in several local legislatures. Created in March 2016 on the basis of the Right Cause party, the party's main policy stances are liberal free marke ...
(until 2024) * {{flagicon image, Гражданская инициатива Флаг партии.jpg Civic Initiative * {{flagicon image, Democratic Choice logo lesser.svg Democratic Choice * {{flagicon image, Flag of Russian All-People's Union.svg Union of Russian Students (''factions'') * Green Alternative * {{flagicon image, Anarchist flag.svg Autonomous Action * Socialist Alternative * {{flagicon image, Logo of the Russian Labour Front.svg Russian Labour Front * {{flagicon image, Left Bloc (Russia) Logo.svg Left Bloc (until 2023) * {{flagicon image, Logo of the Union of Marxists.svg Union of Marxists * {{flagicon image, Трудовая Россия logo.png
Labour Russia Labour Russia (LR or TR; ; ''Trudovaya Rossiya'', ''TR'') is a hard-line communist movement in Russia. It was established in 1992 by decision of the January 1992 plenum of the Russian Communist Workers Party (RKRP). The founding congress took pla ...
* {{flagicon image, Flag of the United Communist Party.svg
United Communist Party The United Communist Party (UCP; ; ''Ob'yedinonnaya kommunisticheskaya partiya'', ''OKP'') is a communist party in Russia created at the founding congress in Moscow on 15 March 2014. The founding congress In March 2014, 91 delegates, inclu ...
''(factions)'' * {{flagicon image, KPRF Flag.svg
Communist Party of the Russian Federation The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF; ) is a communist political party in Russia that officially adheres to Marxist–Leninist philosophy. It is the second-largest political party in Russia after United Russia. The youth o ...
''(factions)''{{cite web , url=https://meduza.io/en/feature/2022/06/10/defending-the-donbas-is-one-thing-bombing-kyiv-is-another , title='Defending the Donbas is one thing. Bombing Kyiv is another' Russia's Communist Party officially supports the war against Ukraine. But its younger members are speaking out , access-date=11 June 2022 , archive-date=13 June 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613133521/https://meduza.io/en/feature/2022/06/10/defending-the-donbas-is-one-thing-bombing-kyiv-is-another , url-status=live{{refn, group=nb, name=expelled, majority of the members with an anti-war agenda had been expelled from that party.{{citation needed, date=April 2023 ** {{flagicon image, ЛКСМ.jpg
Leninist Komsomol of the Russian Federation The Leninist Communist Youth Union of the Russian Federation (LYCL RF; , ЛКСМ РФ; ''Leninskiy kommunisticheskiy soyuz molodyozhi Rossiyskoy Federatsii'', LKSM RF), usually known as the Leninist Komsomol of the Russian Federation (komsomol be ...
''(factions)''{{cite web , url=https://www.marxist.com/russia-communist-youth-expels-opponents-of-war-in-ukraine.htm , title=Russia: Communist Youth expels opponents of war in Ukraine , date=22 March 2022 , access-date=11 June 2022 , archive-date=13 May 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513071632/https://www.marxist.com/russia-communist-youth-expels-opponents-of-war-in-ukraine.htm , url-status=live *{{flagicon image, Logo of the Russian Maoist Party (2022).svg Russian Maoist Party * {{flagicon image, Flag of Russia (1858–1896).svg
Monarchists Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. C ...
** {{flagicon image, Imperial_Standard_of_the_Emperor_of_Russia_(1858–1917).svg Russian Imperial House ** {{flagicon image, Flag of Russia (1858–1896).svg Monarchist Party of Russia ** {{flagicon image, Imperial_Standard_of_the_Emperor_of_Russia_(1858–1917).svg
Romanov Family Association The Romanov Family Association (RFA, frequently written as Romanoff; ) is an organization for descendants of the former Russian Imperial House. It was created in 1979 and officially registered in Switzerland. The current head of the organization ...
** {{flagicon image, Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg
Romanov Empire (micronation) The Romanov Empire (), also known as the Imperial Throne (), formerly the Russian Empire (Российская Империя), is a micronation proposed by Russian businessman and politician Anton Bakov as a re-creation of the Russian Empire. ...
* {{nowrap, {{flagicon image, Flag of the Russian Decommunization.svg
Decommunization Decommunization in former communist states is the process of purging former communist high officials and eliminating communist symbols. It is sometimes referred to as political cleansing. Although the term has been occasionally used during t ...
(until March 2022) * {{flagicon image, Flag of the Popular Resistance Association.svg Popular Resistance Association * {{flagicon image, Flag of the Ethnic National Union.svg Ethnic National Union * {{flagicon image, Flag of The Third Alternative. Right Bloc.svg
Right Bloc The Right Bloc is a minor Czech political party, founded in 1996 by Petr Cibulka. The party is known for its extremely long official name and for running very old candidates; the party fielded the oldest candidate in every legislative election fro ...
* {{flagicon image, Flag of the Committee of Bashkir Resistance.svg Committee of Bashkir Resistance * Free Yakutia Foundation {{Hidden end , side1 = {{flagicon, Russia
Government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a State (polity), state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive (government), execu ...
: * {{flagicon image, Flag of the Ministry for Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MVD of Russia).svg
MVD The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MVD; , ''Ministerstvo vnutrennikh del'') is the interior ministry of Russia. The MVD is responsible for law enforcement in Russia through its agencies the Police of Russia, Migration ...
** {{flagicon image, Patch of the Police of Russia 2.svg
Politsiya The Police of Russia () is the national Law enforcement in Russia, law enforcement agency of Russia, operating under the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Internal Affairs from . It was established on by decree of Peter the Gre ...
* {{flagicon image, Flag of National Guard of the Russian Federation.svg
Rosgvardiya The Federal Service of Troops of National Guard of the Russian Federation (), officially known as the (),#Official website, Official website is a federal executive body which is responsible for law enforcement, internal security, counter-terro ...
** {{flagicon image, Patch of the OMON.svg
OMON OMON is a system of military special police units within the Armed Forces of Russia. It previously operated within the structures of the Soviet and Russian Ministries of Internal Affairs (MVD). Originating as the special forces unit of the So ...
* {{flagicon image, Flag of the Russian Federal Security Service.svg FSB {{Hidden begin , title=Supported by: * {{flagicon image, Logotip ONF.svg ONF ** {{flagicon image}
United Russia The All-Russian Political Party United Russia (, ) is the Ruling party, ruling List of political parties in Russia, political party of Russia. As the largest party in the Russian Federation, it holds 325 (or 72.22%) of the 450 seats in the St ...
*** {{flagicon image, Flag of the Young Guard of United Russia.svg
Young Guard of United Russia The Young Guard of United Russia (; MGER) is the youth wing of the United Russia party. Founded in 2005, it uses the name of the famous Young Guard (Soviet resistance), Young Guard, a World War II underground organization. A largely pro-Putin y ...
** {{flagicon image, Новые люди (партия).jpg New People{{efn, At the start the party was anti-war but later withdrew its statement and proclaimed its support for the invasion. ** {{flagicon image, Флаг СРЗП.svg
A Just Russia — For Truth A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, and others worldwide. Its name in English is '' a'' (pronounced ), plural ''aes''. It is similar in shape to the Ancient ...
** {{flagicon image, Flag of Rodina.svg Rodina ** {{flagicon image, Flag of the National Liberation Movement (Russia).svg National Liberation Movement * {{flagicon image, Партия Гражданская платформа.PNG
Civic Platform The Civic Platform (, PO)The party is officially the Civic Platform of the Republic of Poland (''Platforma Obywatelska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej''). is a Centre-right politics, centre-right liberal conservative political party in Poland. Since ...
* Party of Peace and Unity *
Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice The Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice (RPPSJ; ), commonly shortened to the Party of Pensioners () is a registered political party in Russia. The party was founded as the Party of Pensioners (Общественно-Политиче ...
*
Russian Ecological Party "The Greens" The Russian Ecological Party "The Greens" (REP "The Greens"; ) is a green political party in the Russian Federation. It was founded in 1992 as the Constructive-Ecological Movement of Russia "Kedr" (KEDR; ). In 2002 the party was transformed int ...
* Young Army *
Anti-Maidan The anti-Maidan (; ) refers to a number of pro-Russian demonstrations in Ukraine in 2013 and 2014 that were directed against Euromaidan and later the new Ukrainian government. The initial participants were in favor of supporting the cabinet of ...
* {{flagicon image, Flag of Essence of Time.svg Essence of Time * {{flagicon image, Flag of SERB.svg
SERB The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Southeastern Europe who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history, and language. They primarily live in Serbia, Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia ...
* {{flagicon image, The Other Russia flagicon.svg The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov * {{flagicon image, Flag of the Eurasian Youth Union.svg
Eurasia Party The Eurasia Party () is a neo- Eurasianist Russian political party. It was registered by the Ministry of Justice on 21 June 2002, approximately one year after the pan-Russian Eurasia Movement was established by Aleksandr Dugin. History and ...
** {{flagicon image, Esm logo.gif
Eurasian Youth Union The Eurasian Youth Union (ESM; ; ''Yevraziyskiy soyuz molodozhi'', ''YeSM'') is a Russian Eurasianism, Eurasianist political organization, the youth wing of the Eurasia Party headed by Aleksandr Dugin. The organization has branches in several co ...
* {{flagicon image, KPRF Flag.svg
Communist Party of the Russian Federation The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF; ) is a communist political party in Russia that officially adheres to Marxist–Leninist philosophy. It is the second-largest political party in Russia after United Russia. The youth o ...
* {{flagicon image, Flag of Communists of Russia.svg
Communists of Russia The Communist Party "Communists of Russia" (CPCR; ; ''Kommunisticheskaya partiya «Kommunisty Rossii»'', ''KPKR'') or simply Communists of Russia (CR; ; ''Kommunisty Rossii'', ''KR'') is an Anti-revisionism, anti-revisionist Marxism–Leninism ...
*
For a New Socialism Social Movement "For a New Socialism" (; DZNS), also known simply as For a New Socialism, is a social movement and political organization led by Russian politician, diplomat, political scientist, and historian Nikolay Platoshkin. The stated goal ...
* {{flagicon image, Flag of the Left Front.svg Left Front * {{flagicon image, Flag of the Russian Communist Workers' Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.svg
Russian Communist Workers' Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...
{{efn, At the start the party was anti-war but later withdrew its statement and positively assessed Russia's actions as a fight against fascism and protection of the people of Donbass. * {{flagicon image, Flag of the United Communist Party.svg
United Communist Party The United Communist Party (UCP; ; ''Ob'yedinonnaya kommunisticheskaya partiya'', ''OKP'') is a communist party in Russia created at the founding congress in Moscow on 15 March 2014. The founding congress In March 2014, 91 delegates, inclu ...
* {{flagicon image, Flag of the LDPR (Current version).svg
Liberal Democratic Party of Russia LDPR – Liberal Democratic Party of Russia () is a Russian Ultranationalism, ultranationalist and Right-wing populism, right-wing populist List of political parties in Russia, political party. It succeeded the Liberal Democratic Party of the ...
* {{flagicon image, Flag of Russian All-People's Union.svg
Russian All-People's Union The Russian All-People's Union (ROS; ; ''Rossiyskiy obshchenarodnyy soyuz'', ''ROS'') is a Russian conservative political party formed in October 1991. In 2001, it merged into the People's Union (). In 2008, it was reorganized when the Narodna ...
* {{flagicon image, Flag of Great Russia.svg
Great Russia Great Russia, sometimes Great Rus' ( , ; , ; , ), is a name formerly applied to the territories of "Russia proper", the land that formed the core of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and later the Tsardom of Russia. This was the land to which the e ...
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Some notable figures:
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Alexei Navalny Alexei Anatolyevich Navalny (, ; 4 June 197616 February 2024) was a Russian Opposition to Vladimir Putin in Russia, opposition leader, anti-corruption in Russia, corruption activist and political prisoner. He founded the Anti-Corruption Found ...
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Yulia Navalnaya Yulia Borisovna Navalnaya (; rus, Юлия Борисовна Навальная, , , ˈjʉlʲɪjə nɐˈvalʲnəjə; born 24 July 1976) is a Russian public figure and economist. The widow of Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny, she has b ...

{{flagicon image, White-blue-white_flag.svg Leonid Volkov
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Lev Ponomaryov Lev Aleksandrovich Ponomaryov (, 2 September 1941) is a Russian political and civil activist. He is an executive director of the all-Russian movement "For Human Rights." He is a member of the Federal Political Council of Solidarnost, and was de ...

{{flagicon image, White-blue-white_flag.svg Maxim Katz
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Garry Kasparov Garry Kimovich Kasparov (born Garik Kimovich Weinstein on 13 April 1963) is a Russian Grandmaster (chess), chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion (1985–2000), political activist and writer. His peak FIDE chess Elo rating system, ra ...

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Mikhail Khodorkovsky Mikhail Borisovich Khodorkovsky (, ; born 26 June 1963), sometimes known by his initials MBK, is an exiled Russian businessman, Russian oligarchs, oligarch, and Russian opposition, opposition activist, now residing in London. In 2003, Khodork ...

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{{flagicon image, White-blue-white_flag.svg Marina Ovsyannikova
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Ilya Ponomarev Ilya Vladimirovich Ponomarev (, ; born 6 August 1975) is a Russian people, Russian-Ukrainian people, Ukrainian politician who was a member of the Russian State Duma from 2007 to 2016. He was the only member of the State Duma not to vote in fa ...

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Gennady Gudkov Gennady Vladimirovich Gudkov (; born 15 August 1956) is a Russian politician and businessman. ''The Moscow Times'' described him in 2012 as "one of parliament's most vocal and charismatic critics" of President Vladimir Putin. Background Gudkov ...

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Andrey Illarionov Andrey Nikolayevich Illarionov (, born 16 September 1961) is a Russian economist and former senior policy advisor to Vladimir Putin, the President of Russia, from April 2000 to December 2005. Since April 2021, he is a senior fellow at the non-go ...

{{flagicon image, White-blue-white_flag.svg Lyudmila Kotesova
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Boris Nadezhdin Boris Borisovich Nadezhdin (; born 26 April 1963) is a Russian opposition politician. He served in the State Duma from 1999 to 2003. He was also a municipal councillor in Moscow and was considered to be a close ally of opposition politician Bor ...

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Zhanna Nemtsova Zhanna Borisovna Nemtsova (; born 26 March 1984) is a Russian journalist and social activist. She is the daughter of Boris Nemtsov. Early life Nemtsova was born in Gorky, USSR (now Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) on 26 March 1984, to Russian pol ...

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Grigory Yavlinsky Grigory Alekseyevich Yavlinsky (; born 10 April 1952) is a Russian economist and politician. He has held numerous positions in the Soviet and Russian governments across different levels, including in the State Duma. Yavlinsky was one of auth ...

{{flagicon image, Русский_либертарианский_флаг_(собственная_оцифровка_эскиза).svg Mikhail Svetov
{{flagicon image, White-blue-white_flag.svg Yekaterina Duntsova
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Maria Vladimirovna Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia (; born 23 December 1953) has been a claimant to the headship of the House of Romanov, the Imperial Family of Russia (who reigned as Emperors and Autocrats of all the Russias from 1613 to 1917) since ...

{{flagicon image, White-blue-white_flag.svg{{flagicon image, Flag of Russia (1858–1896).svg George Mikhailovich
{{flagicon image, White-blue-white_flag.svg{{flagicon image, Flag of Russia (1858–1896).svg Rostislav Romanov
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Inez Storer Inez Mary Romanoff (, formerly Storer; born October 11, 1933), known as Inez Storer, is an American painter and mixed-media artist who creates work in the magical realism genre. Biography Storer was born in Santa Monica, California, on October ...

{{flagicon image, White-blue-white_flag.svg{{flagicon image, Flag of Russia (1858–1896).svg Olga Andreevna Romanov
{{flagicon image, White-blue-white_flag.svg{{flagicon image, Flag of Russia (1858–1896).svg Dorrit Reventlow
{{flagicon image, White-blue-white_flag.svg{{flagicon image, Flag of Russia (1858–1896).svg{{flagicon image, Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg Nikolai Kirillovich Romanov
{{flagicon image, White-blue-white_flag.svg{{flagicon image, Flag of Russia (1858–1896).svg{{flagicon image, Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg Anton Bakov
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Akhmed Zakayev Akhmed Halidovich Zakayev (; ; born 26 April 1959) is a Chechen statesman, political and military figure of the unrecognised Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (ChRI). Having previously been a Deputy Prime Minister, he now serves as Prime Minister o ...
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Vladimir Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who has served as President of Russia since 2012, having previously served from 2000 to 2008. Putin also served as Prime Minister of Ru ...

{{small, ( Supreme Commander-in-chief)
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Mikhail Mishustin Mikhail Vladimirovich Mishustin (born 3 March 1966) is a Russian politician and economist serving as the current prime minister of Russia since 16 January 2020. He previously served as the director of the Federal Taxation Service from 2010 to ...

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Sergey Lavrov Sergey Viktorovich Lavrov (, ; born 21 March 1950) is a Russian diplomat who has served as Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia), Minister of Foreign Affairs since 2004. He is the longest-serving Russian foreign minister since Andrei Gromyko d ...

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Maria Zakharova Maria Vladimirovna Zakharova (, ; born 24 December 1975) is a Russian politician who serves as the director of the information and press department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federa ...

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Alexey Nechayev Alexey Gennadievich Nechayev (; born 30 August 1966) is a Russian entrepreneur and politician, president of the Russian cosmetics company Faberlic, a member of the All-Russia People's Front, chairman of the New People (political party), New Peop ...

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Nikolai Patrushev Nikolai Platonovich Patrushev (; born 11 July 1951) is a Russian politician, security officer and former intelligence officer who served as the secretary of the Security Council of Russia from 2008 to 2024. He previously served as the director o ...

{{flagicon, Russia Alexander Pryadko
{{flagicon, Russia{{flagicon image, Flag of Bashkortostan.svg
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Yevgeny Balitsky Yevgeny Vitalyevich Balitsky (, ; born 10 December 1969) is a Russian and former Ukrainian politician, entrepreneur and former army officer who is currently serving as the governor of Zaporozhye Oblast, one of the Russian-occupied territories ...

{{flagicon, Russia{{flagicon, Donetsk People's Republic
Denis Pushilin Denis Vladimirovich Pushilin (born 9 May 1981) is a Russian politician who has served as the Head of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) since 2018. He has held the position in an acting capacity ever since the Russian annexation of the DPR in ...

{{flagicon, Russia{{flagicon image, Flag of Kherson Oblast (Russia).svg Vladimir Saldo
{{flagicon, Russia{{flagicon, Luhansk People's Republic Leonid Pasechnik , detentions = 19,842+ (as of 19 November 2023) {{Campaignbox Russo-Ukrainian War Following the
Russian invasion of Ukraine On 24 February 2022, , starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, conflict between the two countries which began in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thou ...
on 24 February 2022, anti-war demonstrations and protests broke out across Russia. As well as the demonstrations, a number of petitions and open letters have been penned in opposition to the war, and a number of public figures, both cultural and political, have released statements against the war. The protests have been met with widespread repression by the Russian authorities. According to OVD-Info, at least 14,906 people were detained from 24 February to 13 March 2022.{{cite web , url=https://reports.ovdinfo.org/no-to-war , script-title=ru:Нет войне – Как российские власти борются с антивоенными протестами , trans-title=No to war – How Russian authorities are fighting anti-war protests , language=ru , website=OVD-Info , access-date=28 March 2022 , archive-date=22 March 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322235354/https://reports.ovdinfo.org/no-to-war , url-status=live Human rights organisations and reporters have raised concerns of police brutality during arrests and OVD-Info reported several cases of protesters being tortured under detention. The government has also moved to crackdown on other forms of opposition to the war, including introducing widespread censorship measures. Other individuals who signed anti-war petitions have faced reprisals.{{Cite news , title=More than 15,000 Russians have been arrested in anti-war protests , newspaper=The Economist , url=https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/03/22/more-than-15000-russians-have-been-arrested-in-anti-war-protests , date=22 March 2022 , access-date=26 September 2022 , issn=0013-0613 , archive-date=22 September 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922073953/https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/03/22/more-than-15000-russians-have-been-arrested-in-anti-war-protests , url-status=live After Putin announced a 2022 Russian mobilization, partial mobilization of Russia's military reserves on 21 September, over 2,000 people were detained in mass street protests in the following days.


Street protests


February

On the afternoon of the invasion, the Investigative Committee of Russia issued a warning to Russians that they would face legal repercussions for joining unsanctioned protests related to "the tense foreign political situation". The opposition activist Marina Litvinovich called on Instagram for street protests on the evening of 24 February but was detained by police as she left her house. That evening, thousands took to the streets in cities across Russia to protest the war. The largest demonstrations were in Moscow, where 2,000 protesters gathered near Pushkinskaya Square, and Saint Petersburg, where up to 1,000 protesters gathered. Hundreds demonstrated in
Yekaterinburg Yekaterinburg (, ; ), alternatively Romanization of Russian, romanized as Ekaterinburg and formerly known as Sverdlovsk ( ; 1924–1991), is a city and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Ural Federal District, Russia. The ci ...
,{{cite web , author-first=Siba , author-last=Jackson , title=Ukraine: Police arrest more than 1,700 anti-war protesters in Russia as anger erupts over invasion , website=Sky News , date=24 February 2022 , url=https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-police-arrest-more-than-1-700-anti-war-protesters-in-russia-as-anger-erupts-over-invasion-12550653 , access-date=24 February 2022 , archive-date=24 February 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224225314/https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-police-arrest-more-than-1-700-anti-war-protesters-in-russia-as-anger-erupts-over-invasion-12550653 , url-status=live and there were also demonstrations in Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk and Perm, Russia, Perm, including other cities. By the end of the evening of the day of the invasion, according to the OVD-Info monitor, there had been 1,820 arrests in 58 cities, of which 1,002 were carried out in Moscow. Russia's interior ministry justified these arrests with "COVID-19 pandemic, coronavirus restrictions, including on public events". On the following day, 25 February, further protests had continued in Moscow, Saint Petersburg and other cities. In Saint Petersburg several hundred people gathered in the city center, chanting "#"No to war!", No to war!" OVD-Info reported 437 detentions in 26 Russian cities on that day, including 226 in Moscow and 130 in Saint Petersburg. On 26 February, some Russian protesters chose to reduce the chances of arrest by staging single-person protests in Moscow and other city squares. Others gathered in small groups to move more nimbly around the streets.{{cite web , last=Kim , first=Lisa , title=Russian Police Detain Over 3,000 Anti-War Protesters, Human Rights Organization Says , website=Forbes , date=26 February 2022 , url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/lisakim/2022/02/26/russian-police-detain-over-3000-anti-war-protesters-human-rights-organization-says/ , access-date=26 February 2022 , archive-date=26 February 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226204858/https://www.forbes.com/sites/lisakim/2022/02/26/russian-police-detain-over-3000-anti-war-protesters-human-rights-organization-says/ , url-status=live In Yekaterinburg, hundreds gathered, shouting "No to war!". Throughout the day at least 469 people were arrested in 34 cities, of which around half in Moscow, bringing the total number of arrests to over 3,000. Protests continued on 27 February. The protests coincided with the seventh anniversary of the murder of the opposition politician Boris Nemtsov, and arrests took place at an improvised memorial outside the Kremlin where Nemtsov was shot.{{cite web , title=Police detain more than 900 people at anti-war protests across Russia – monitoring group , website=Reuters , date=27 February 2022 , url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/police-detain-more-than-900-people-anti-war-protests-across-russia-monitoring-2022-02-27/ , access-date=27 February 2022 , archive-date=27 February 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227160345/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/police-detain-more-than-900-people-anti-war-protests-across-russia-monitoring-2022-02-27/ , url-status=live Around 1,000 people gathered for a spontaneous anti-war rally near Great Gostiny Dvor in Saint Petersburg. According to OVD-Info, by early Sunday evening, police had detained at least 900 Russians in 44 cities, bringing the total number of arrests to over 4,000 since the war had begun. By the end of the day, that number had grown to around 2,710 arrests (at least 5,844 in total since the beginning of the war), including at least 1,269 arrests in Moscow and 1,034 in Saint Petersburg. Members of the
Communist Party of the Russian Federation The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF; ) is a communist political party in Russia that officially adheres to Marxist–Leninist philosophy. It is the second-largest political party in Russia after United Russia. The youth o ...
, the
People's Freedom Party People's Freedom Party may mean one of the following: * People's Freedom Party (Russia) * People's Freedom Party "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption" * Constitutional Democratic Party, also called the People's Freedom Party * Constit ...
, and
Yabloko The Russian United Democratic Party Yabloko (RUDP Yabloko; rus, Росси́йская объединённая демократи́ческая па́ртия «Я́блоко», Rossiyskaya obyedinyonnaya demokraticheskaya partiya "Yabloko" ...
, spoke out against the invasion.{{cite web , last=Yavlinsky , first=Grigory , date=24 February 2022 , title=40,000 people have signed Yabloko' petition , url=https://eng.yabloko.ru/40000-people-have-signed-yabloko-petition/ , access-date=28 February 2022 , website=yabloko.ru , archive-date=26 February 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226122224/https://eng.yabloko.ru/40000-people-have-signed-yabloko-petition/ , url-status=live On the same day, a van with markings that read "People, wake up!", "This is war", "Putin is scum!" in Russian crashed and caught fire in Pushkinskaya Square.


March

On 1 March, reports and photographs appeared in social media, also republished and confirmed by ''Novaya Gazeta'', showing primary school children behind bars, arrested by police in Moscow for laying flowers at the Ukrainian embassy and holding signs saying the repeated "No to war". A special detention center set up in
Yekaterinburg Yekaterinburg (, ; ), alternatively Romanization of Russian, romanized as Ekaterinburg and formerly known as Sverdlovsk ( ; 1924–1991), is a city and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Ural Federal District, Russia. The ci ...
ran out of room for prisoners arrested from protests. On 2 March, the artist Yelena Osipova (Russian activist), Yelena Osipova, aged 77 and born to survivors of the Siege of Leningrad, was among those arrested at an anti-war protest in Saint Petersburg. Videos of her arrest were widely shared on social media platforms Twitter and Reddit. Police action against the protesters continued on the following day. On 4 March, the activist Yulia Galyamina was detained and held in custody pending trial, charged with violating the law on public events by trying to organise an anti-war protest. On 5 March, ahead of protests planned for 6 March, police raided, searched and detained hundreds of Russian journalists, politicians and activists. On 6 March, there were protests in at least 60 cities,{{cite news , title=Russia arrests over 5,000 in single day for protesting Ukraine war , newspaper=The Hindu , date=7 March 2022 , url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/russia-arrests-over-5000-in-single-day-for-protesting-ukraine-war/article65201756.ece , access-date=7 March 2022 , archive-date=8 March 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308085257/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/russia-arrests-over-5000-in-single-day-for-protesting-ukraine-war/article65201756.ece , url-status=live including Vladivostok, Irkutsk and Khabarovsk. OVD-Info reported over 5,000 arrests throughout the day. The Russian interior ministry reported over 3,500 detentions. A video showing Kemerovo Oblast governor Sergey Tsivilyov attempting to justify the invasion to protesters that day went viral. The total number of arrests reached 13,000 overall on 6 March. On 8 March, International Women's Day, the
Feminist Anti-War Resistance Feminist Anti-War Resistance (FAR or FAWR, ) is a group of Russian feminists founded in February 2022 to protest against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. In its first month, FAR became "one of Russia’s fastest-growing anti-war campaigns", a ...
group reported that women laid flowers at Great Patriotic War, war monuments across 94 Russian and international cities,{{cite news , title=Russian Feminists Stage Anti-War Protests in 100 Cities , newspaper=The Moscow Times , date=9 March 2022 , url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/03/09/russian-feminists-stage-anti-war-protests-in-100-cities-a76832 , access-date=9 March 2022 , archive-date=9 March 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309090400/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/03/09/russian-feminists-stage-anti-war-protests-in-100-cities-a76832 , url-status=live including Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Vladivostok, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kanash, Yaroslavl, Syktyvkar, Smolensk, Luga, Leningrad Oblast, Luga, Lytkarino, Izhevsk, Volgograd, Irkutsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Ufa, Omsk, Mytishchi, Gelendzhik, Perm, Russia, Perm, Kazan, Zelenograd, Balashov (town), Balashov, Saratov, Biysk, Khimki, Chelyabinsk, Krasnodar, Novovoronezh, Vologda, Korolyov, Moscow Oblast, Korolev, Troitsk, Moscow, Troitsk, Serpukhov, Vladimir, Russia, Vladimir, Revda, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Revda, Tolyatti, Kaliningrad, Naberezhnye Chelny, Volgodonsk, Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast, Ramenskoye, Samara, Leninavan farm, Stavropol, Arkhangelsk, Yoshkar-Ola, Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast, Krasnogorsk, Novokuibyshevsk, Zheleznovodsk, Murom, Snegiri, Nakhabino, Rostov-on-Don, Cheboksary, Saransk, Dzerzhinsky, Veliky Novgorod, Tyumen, Tobolsk, Podolsk, Tula, Russia, Tula, Grebnevo, Moscow Oblast, Grebnevo village, Dolgoprudny, Murino, Leningrad Oblast, Murino, Vladikavkaz and Alagir. Police ordered the women laying flowers at the Gostiny Dvor in Saint Petersburg to disperse, and made over five arrests. In Moscow the Alexander Garden was closed to block access to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Moscow), Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, so flowers were left nearby. 11 girls were detained in Moscow's Manezhnaya Square, Moscow, Manezhnaya Square. At least 93 people, at least 60 of them in Moscow, were detained. On 15 March, Anastasia Parshkova was arrested for standing alone before the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow with a placard bearing the words "6th Commandment. Don't Kill". She was taken to the police station, according to the Avtozak Live telegram channel. The art historian Maria Silina has characterized Parshkova's action – redeploying symbols of the Russian Orthodox Church to critique the alliance between Orthodox religion and military ideology – as an example of détournement typical of contemporary feminist art activism in Russia. In the week following International Women's Day, several videos went viral on social media showing Russian police arresting protesters for simply holding up a blank sign. Another arrest which went viral was that of a woman arrested for holding up a small sign that simply read "два слова" ("two words" in Russian). By the end of March, mass protests were reported to have largely subsided due to repression from the authorities. Some smaller individual acts of opposition against the war continued.{{cite news , last=Vladimirova , first=Alexandra , title=Closed Shops, Zs, Green Ribbons: Russia's Post-Invasion Reality , url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/04/14/closed-shops-zs-green-ribbons-russias-post-invasion-reality-a77344 , access-date=15 April 2022 , work=The Moscow Times , date=14 April 2022 , archive-date=20 April 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220420122903/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/04/14/closed-shops-zs-green-ribbons-russias-post-invasion-reality-a77344 , url-status=live


April–June

In Sochi, Diana Isakova and other activists prepared flyers with QR codes that led to an online text "Time to change!" written by Isakova,{{citation needed, date=November 2023 criticising Putin as a dictator and calling for citizens to organise and carry out nonviolent resistance against the Putin government. On 17 April, Isakova and her colleagues distributed the flyers. Isakova was later arrested but was not prosecuted. The audience staged an anti-war protest at the concert of the Russian group {{Ill, Kis-Kis (Russian band), lt=Kis-Kis, ru, Кис-Кис (группа) in Saint Petersburg in May. Unconfirmed reports circulated about a protest planned for 12 June, Russia Day, which eventually did not take place. Instead, authorities in Moscow detained 50 people, using facial recognition software.


September

{{further, 2022 North Caucasian protests, 2022 Far Eastern protests On 21 September, the
Vesna Vesna may refer to: * Vesna (mythology), female characters associated with youth and springtime in early Slavic mythology *Vesna (given name), Slavic female name, includes a list of people with the name *Vesna (surname), includes a list of people ...
movement called for country-wide demonstrations in response to Putin's announcement of 2022 Russian mobilization, partial mobilization of Russia's military reserves, following setbacks for the Russian military during the 2022 Ukrainian Kharkiv counteroffensive, Ukrainian counteroffensive in Kharkiv Oblast. Multiple small-scale protests followed in several cities, including Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk and Tomsk. More than 1,311 protesters in 38 cities had been detained by the end of the day, according to OVD-Info. On 24 September, anti-mobilization rallies organized by Vesna took place in many cities. The rallies were marked by mass detentions not only of protesters, but also of ordinary passers-by. According to OVD-Info, more than 750 people were detained by 22:30 Moscow time. On 25 September, the women of Yakutsk went to a rally under the slogans "We will not give up our husbands", "No to genocide", "No to war". People gathered in {{Ill, Osuokhay, lt=Uosohhai, ru, Осуохай, a traditional round dance symbolising the blessing of mothers for the safe return of their husbands and sons. The women were soon dispersed by the security forces. On the same day, residents of Endirey, Khasavyurtovsky District of Dagestan, took part in 2022 North Caucasian protests, a rally against mobilization. The police fired live rounds into the air in an attempt to disperse the rally. In the evening of 25 September, a rally was held in Makhachkala, the capital of Dagestan. At the rally, protesters clashed with the police, who in turn opened fire into the air. By the end of the day, the protest was dispersed by National Guard of Russia, Rosgvardia troops.


Other direct action

As well as protests, activists have also posted anti-war stickers around neighbourhoods, have written anti-war messages on banknotes, and have hung posters that mimic official missing person posters, but that instead contain information about Russian soldiers that have been killed in the invasion.{{cite web , last=Silinia , first=Maria , title=Russia's feminists are protesting the war and its propaganda with stickers, posters, performance and graffiti , url=https://theconversation.com/russias-feminists-are-protesting-the-war-and-its-propaganda-with-stickers-posters-performance-and-graffiti-179989 , website=The Conversation , access-date=9 April 2022 , date=7 April 2022 , archive-date=9 April 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409170000/https://theconversation.com/russias-feminists-are-protesting-the-war-and-its-propaganda-with-stickers-posters-performance-and-graffiti-179989 , url-status=live The artist Alexandra Skochilenko was arrested for allegedly replacing supermarket labels with messages protesting the Mariupol theatre airstrike, and jailed for eight weeks pending trial under the Russian fake news laws. In Voronezh and Lukhovitsy, cases of 2022 Russian military commissariats arsons, arson of military enlistment offices and police departments in Krasnoyarsk and Smolensk were recorded. Molotov cocktails were used in all of them. As of beginning-June, at least 15 cases of arson directed at military recruitment centres had been recorded. On 24 March, a video was released on TikTok showing a protester throwing Molotov cocktails at the Moscow Kremlin walls. On 28 March, Moscow student Anastasia Levashova was sentenced to two years in prison for having thrown a Molotov cocktail at police during an anti-war rally. At least four teachers have been arrested after criticising the invasion in their classrooms. On 3 March, the Russian Ministry of Education instructed teachers to hold lessons telling students "why the liberation mission in Ukraine is a necessity." On 20 March, six women blocked traffic on a bridge in Zelenchukskaya demanding information about their relatives who had been sent to fight in Ukraine. All six were arrested. On 14 March, Marina Ovsyannikova, an editor at Channel One Russia, disrupted the set of the channel's main News broadcasting, news program ''Vremya'' during prime time by holding up a sign with an anti-war message. The sign read: "NO WAR. Stop the war. Do not believe the propaganda, here you are being lied to. Russians against war". Ovsyannikova, the daughter of a Ukrainian father and a Russian mother, also released a pre-recorded video at OVD-Info in which she expressed shame for her part in spreading "Kremlin propaganda" at Channel One. She was detained by police later that evening and was released, according to TASS. Ovsyannikova was detained and later released again on 17 July after staging a lone protest at the {{Ill, Sophia Embankment, ru, Софийская_набережная, in front of the Kremlin, two days prior. Others have taken to attempt to remove symbols of pro-Russian actions, such as Z (military symbol), the letter Z. A man, who later fled to Armenia, reportedly stopped a car with the letter Z on its windscreen with a shovel and ordered the car's inhabitants to rip it off.{{Cite news , last=Demytrie , first=Rayhan , date=28 May 2022 , title=Ukraine war: Russian anti-war protesters flee to Armenia hoping for safety , language=en-GB , work=BBC News , url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61564441 , access-date=28 May 2022 , archive-date=29 May 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529031943/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61564441 , url-status=live On 26 September, a gunman opened fire at a draft office in Irkutsk Oblast, injuring one senior official. On 8 May 2023, the Yav Art Group presented an installation titled "Russian Cyberpunk", where Prosthetics, prostheses painted with Gzhel patterns were attached to human silhouettes. The project was swiftly dismantled by authorities after its installation.


Russian military personnel

Some Russian soldiers have been reported to have disobeyed orders to join the invasion. On 12 March, it was reported that around 80 marines had refused to fight after being deployed to Kherson and were returned to Crimea. On 7 April, Pskov newspaper Pskovskaya Gubernia reported that around 60 Russian paratroopers in Belarus had refused such orders, further reporting that Russian commanders were blocking attempts by soldiers to resign from the Russian Armed Forces and referring those soldiers to prosecutors instead. Among service personnel who have refused to conduct hostilities against Ukraine include 11 OMON fighters from Khakassia [271], about 100 OMON fighters from Omsk [272], as well as servicemen of the 15th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment, the 9th Guards Artillery Brigade, 9th Guards, 165th and 227th Artillery Brigades, the 15th Separate Motor Rifle Brigade, 15th Separate Peacekeeping, 25th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade, 25th Guards, 38th, 64th Motor Rifle Brigade, 64th, 74th Guards Motor Rifle Brigade, 74th Guards, 80th Arctic Motor Rifle Brigade, 80th, 138th Separate Guards Motor Rifle Brigade, 138th and 200th Separate Motor Rifle Brigades, 5th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigade, 5th and 71st Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division (Soviet Union), 71st Anti-Aircraft Rocket Brigades, 54th and 95th Control Brigades, 6th Regiment of NBC Protection, 51st Separate Logistics Brigade, 69th Fortress Brigade (Russia), 69th Separate Covering Brigade, 108th and 247th Guards Air Assault Regiments, 810th Guards Naval Infantry Brigade, 810th Separate Guards Naval Infantry Brigade stationed in the Crimea, commanders at different ranks of the 3rd Motor Rifle Division, and the personnel of two battalion tactical groups of the 4th Guards Military Base from South Ossetia which has been deployed with the 58th Combined Arms Army. On 30 March 2022, South Ossetian social media channels, local bloggers, and politicians such as the former de facto president Eduard Kokoity reported that many Ossetian servicemen — up to 300, according to one source — had abandoned the Ukrainian battlefields, returning home "of their own free will".{{cite news , title=S. Ossetian Servicemen Make Puzzling Retreat from Ukraine , url=https://civil.ge/archives/482759 , access-date=1 April 2022 , work=Civil Georgia , date=1 April 2022 , archive-date=17 April 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417224535/https://civil.ge/archives/482759 , url-status=live


Petitions and open letters

In the weeks preceding the invasion, there were signs that anti-war sentiment was growing in Saint Petersburg.{{cite web , author-first=Niko , author-last=Vorobyov , title=Ukraine crisis: Russia's quiet anti-war movement gets louder , website=Al Jazeera Media Network, Al Jazeera , date=3 February 2022 , url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/3/ukraine-crisis-in-russia-a-quiet-anti-war-movement-is-growing , access-date=24 February 2022 , archive-date=24 February 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224010911/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/3/ukraine-crisis-in-russia-a-quiet-anti-war-movement-is-growing , url-status=live At the beginning of February, over 150 prominent Russian activists, authors, and academics signed an open letter, 'If Only There Is No War!', protesting the "party of war in the Russian leadership" and state media. After the invasion, Russian Nobel Peace Prize winner Dmitry Muratov announced that the ''Novaya Gazeta'' newspaper would publish its next edition in both Ukrainian and Russian. Muratov, the journalist Mikhail Zygar, the film director Vladimir Mirzoyev, and others signed a document stating that Ukraine is not a threat to Russia and calling for Russian citizens "to say no to this war." The ''Kommersant'' reporter Elena Chernenko (journalist), Elena Chernenko launched an anti-war petition, which was signed by over 250 journalists. Another letter condemning the war was signed by over 250 scientists, and a third open letter was signed by almost 200 municipal council members in Moscow and other cities. On 24 February, human rights activist
Lev Ponomaryov Lev Aleksandrovich Ponomaryov (, 2 September 1941) is a Russian political and civil activist. He is an executive director of the all-Russian movement "For Human Rights." He is a member of the Federal Political Council of Solidarnost, and was de ...
started an online petition to protest against the invasion, garnering 289,000 signatures by the end of the day. By 1 March, the petition had gathered more than a million votes. On 26 February, a petition for the impeachment of Putin was published by a Russian citizen on the Change.org website, gathering more than 200,000 signatures by the end of 27 February. Some of the petition signers lost their jobs.{{cite news , title=She Signed an Open Letter Calling for Peace. Then Got Fired. , url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/03/03/she-signed-an-open-letter-calling-for-peace-then-got-fired-a76728 , work=The Moscow Times , date=3 March 2022 , access-date=5 March 2022 , archive-date=5 March 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305094445/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/03/03/she-signed-an-open-letter-calling-for-peace-then-got-fired-a76728 , url-status=live More than 30,000 technology workers, 6,000 medical workers, 3,400 architects, more than 4,300 teachers, more than 17,000 artists,{{cite news , title=Nearly 20,000 Russian artists are demanding a withdrawal from Ukraine , url=https://qz.com/2135849/a-list-of-russian-artists-speaking-out-against-the-ukraine-invasion/ , work=Quartz (website), Quartz , date=2 March 2022 , access-date=2 March 2022 , archive-date=3 March 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303161407/https://qz.com/2135849/a-list-of-russian-artists-speaking-out-against-the-ukraine-invasion/ , url-status=live 5,000 scientists, and 2,000 actors, directors, and other creative figures signed open letters calling for Putin's government to stop the war. Some Russians who signed petitions against Russia's war in Ukraine lost their jobs. 1,200 students, faculty and staff of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations, affiliated with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, signed an open letter stating that they "consider it morally unacceptable to stay on the sidelines and keep silent when people are dying in a neighboring state. They are dying through the fault of those who preferred weapons instead of peaceful diplomacy. .... Many generations of future diplomats will have to rebuild the trust in Russia and the good relations with our neighbors that have been lost." Igor Kochetkov, the head of the Russian LGBT Network, launched an open letter against the war and stating that "There are a lot of problems in our country, including the spread of anti-human ideas, which often come from high-ranking officials. Let's start 'denazification' with them." The open letter received signatures from 150 Russian LGBT+ rights activists.{{cite news , title=A message from a Russian LGBT+ activist , url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/a-message-from-a-russian-lgbt-activist/ , work=openDemocracy , date=4 March 2022 , access-date=5 March 2022 , archive-date=6 March 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306001520/https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/a-message-from-a-russian-lgbt-activist/ , url-status=live The
Feminist Anti-War Resistance Feminist Anti-War Resistance (FAR or FAWR, ) is a group of Russian feminists founded in February 2022 to protest against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. In its first month, FAR became "one of Russia’s fastest-growing anti-war campaigns", a ...
campaign, one of the first founded in opposition to the war, launched with a manifesto saying that "war exacerbates gender inequality and sets back gains for human rights by many years" and that the war was being "fought under the banner of the "traditional values" declared by government ideologues," which were contrary to human rights and liberation. Representatives of Russian arts and culture workers initiated an open letter expressing solidarity with the Ukrainian people and protesting against the war. As of 23:00 Moscow time on 27 February 2022, the letter was signed by 17,000 people.{{cite web , script-title=ru:Открытое письмо российских работников культуры и искусства против войны с Украиной , trans-title=Open letter from Russian arts and culture workers against war with Ukraine , language=ru , date=27 February 2022 , orig-date= , url=https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfnsmy5USdTXItkzXAyvkPPrttysXHfxpCDsKzhoKOxgA8Nhg/viewform?usp=embed_facebook , access-date=28 February 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228174328/https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfnsmy5USdTXItkzXAyvkPPrttysXHfxpCDsKzhoKOxgA8Nhg/viewform?usp=embed_facebook , archive-date=28 February 2022 {{blockquote, text=We, artists, curators, architects, critics, art critics, art managers — representatives of culture and art of the Russian Federation – express our absolute solidarity with the people of Ukraine and say a resolute "NO TO WAR!". We demand the immediate cessation of all hostilities, the withdrawal of Russian troops from Ukraine, and the holding of peace talks.
Lev Ponomaryov Lev Aleksandrovich Ponomaryov (, 2 September 1941) is a Russian political and civil activist. He is an executive director of the all-Russian movement "For Human Rights." He is a member of the Federal Political Council of Solidarnost, and was de ...
initiated a petition titled "{{lang, ru, Остановить войну с Украиной! – Нет войне" ("Stop the war with Ukraine! – No to war"). By 4 March, the petition had been signed by more than 1.18 million Russians. In April 2023, anti-Kremlin activists gathered at a Paris rally organised by Navalny's team and urged the European Union (EU) to ban Svetlana Maniovich, ex-wife of Timur Ivanov, from living in Europe and freeze her assets. Ivanov had already been sanctioned by the EU in October 2022, and was considered by the EU to be responsible for the Russian war effort at large. 44 Russian chess players, including world championship challenger Ian Nepomniachtchi, women's world champion Alexandra Kosteniuk, world rapid champion Daniil Dubov, and world junior champion Polina Shuvalova, published an open letter in April 2022, stating opposition for and calling for an end to the war.


Symbolism


"No to war!"

{{Use dmy dates, date=April 2025, cs1-dates=y {{Redirect-multi, 2, Nyet voynye!, No to war!, the band, Voina {{Use list-defined references, date=March 2022 "No to war!" ( rus, "Нет войне!", "Net voyne!", nʲet vɐjˈnʲe) is an anti-war movement, anti-war slogan used by the demonstrators in the 2022 anti-war protests in Russia.{{cite news , title=#нетвойне: Russische Wissenschaftler, Künstler, Historiker protestieren gegen Putins Krieg – Widerstand im eigenen Land , language=de , trans-title=#NoWar: Russian scientists, artists, historians protest against Putin's war – Resistance in home country , newspaper={{ill, Tichys Einblick, de , author-first=Ferdinand , author-last=Knauß , date=3 March 2022 , url=https://www.tichyseinblick.de/daili-es-sentials/nein-zum-krieg-putin-russland/ , access-date=19 March 2022 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303143145/https://www.tichyseinblick.de/daili-es-sentials/nein-zum-krieg-putin-russland/ , archive-date=3 March 2022 Children also used this slogan on handmade signs and tried to leave their message outside the Embassy of Ukraine, Moscow, Ukrainian embassy in Moscow. They were arrested for those actions. Relatives of some Russian officials who justify Russia's war against Ukraine have also expressed their disagreement with the Kremlin's decision through the hashtag "No to war!". Among them was Liza Peskova, the daughter of the official representative of the Kremlin Dmitry Peskov.


White-blue-white flag

{{main, White-blue-white flag The white-blue-white flag is an anti-war symbol created by removing the red from the Russian flag. According to anti-war protesters, the red represented blood and violence, and the flag attempts to evoke the legacy of the Novgorod Republic as an example of democracy. However, not all protesters appreciated the flag. Maria Motuznaya (an opposition activist) had criticised the justification for the removal red stripe of the flag.


Green ribbons

Some protesters have used green ribbons as a symbol of opposition to the war.


Statements against the war


Statements against the war by Russian politicians and political parties

Both the Yabloko, Russian United Democratic "Yabloko" Party and the People's Freedom Party (Russia), Party of People's Freedom condemned the impending invasion of Ukraine several days before 24 February 2022. Both of these parties opposed the illegal annexation of Crimea and hold moderately pro-Ukrainian positions. The Yabloko party published a petition demanding the withdrawal of troops from the Ukrainian-Russian border on 13 February 2022. Although the party continues to legally exist, dozens of Yabloko members, politicians, and activists have been arrested or detained since 24 February. The
Communist Party of the Russian Federation The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF; ) is a communist political party in Russia that officially adheres to Marxist–Leninist philosophy. It is the second-largest political party in Russia after United Russia. The youth o ...
(KPRF) officially supports the invasion and is often characterized as a controlled opposition to Putin's government, however, some youth and left-wing factions within the party have opposed the war. The only two members of the State Duma to have spoken against the war have been KPRF deputies: Mikhail Matveyev (politician), Mikhail Matveyev and Oleg Smolin. KPRF senator Vyacheslav Markhayev has also spoken against the war. On 27 May 2022, two KPRF lawmakers from the Legislative Assembly of Primorsky Krai were kicked out of the oblast's KPRF group and two others were reprimanded by the party after presenting a statement in opposition to the war. Another faction associated with the Revolutionary Communist International, International Marxist Tendency face expulsion from the party after organising an anti-war committee called "KPRF/Leninist Komsomol of the Russian Federation, LKSM Members Against the War." On 15 February, the website of Russian political party New People, which is also known as a controlled opposition and a spoiler party, released a statement by Sardana Avksentyeva, condemning the war. After the start of the invasion, leader of the party,
Alexey Nechayev Alexey Gennadievich Nechayev (; born 30 August 1966) is a Russian entrepreneur and politician, president of the Russian cosmetics company Faberlic, a member of the All-Russia People's Front, chairman of the New People (political party), New Peop ...
, made statements in support of military action. Avksentyeva's anti-war statement was deleted, and she herself later supported the invasion: "And I feel that today we must give our military an opportunity to complete their work... We need the victory".{{cite web , url=https://dailymoscow.ru/author/sardana-avksenteva-menya-chasto-sprashivayut-kak-vy-otnosites-k-specoperacii-poprobuyu-obyasnit-eto , script-title=ru:Сардана Авксентьева: Меня часто спрашивают – как вы относитесь к спецоперации. Попробую объяснить || Daily Moscow , trans-title=I am often asked how I feel about the special operation. I'll try to explain , date=22 April 2022 , author=Sardana Avksentyeva , access-date=19 July 2022 , archive-date=19 July 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719101510/https://dailymoscow.ru/author/sardana-avksenteva-menya-chasto-sprashivayut-kak-vy-otnosites-k-specoperacii-poprobuyu-obyasnit-eto , url-status=live However, one of the New People deputies of the State Duma, Sangadji Tarbaev, has publicly condemned the war. Valery Gartung, also a State Duma deputy and a member of
A Just Russia — For Truth A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, and others worldwide. Its name in English is '' a'' (pronounced ), plural ''aes''. It is similar in shape to the Ancient ...
party (which supports the invasion), also denounced it in Facebook, and later commented his post to Republic.ru. Mikhail Gorbachev, the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, CPSU General Secretary and the President of the Soviet Union, head of state of the Soviet Union, stated that "everything possible must be done to stop the threat of a nuclear war". On 26 February, the Gorbachev Foundation stated: "In connection with Russia's military operation in Ukraine, begun on February 24, we affirm the need for an early cessation of hostilities and immediate start of peace negotiations. There is nothing more precious in the world than human lives." On 27 February, Russian politician Lyudmila Narusova, a member of the Federation Council (Russia), Federation Council, stated in a television interview: "I do not identify myself with those representatives of the state that speak out in favor of the war. I think they themselves do not know what they are doing. They are following orders without thinking." Arkady Dvorkovich, who served as a Deputy Prime Minister from 2012 to 2018, condemned Russia's invasion of Ukraine and said that "Wars are the worst things one might face in life...including this war. My thoughts are with Ukrainian civilians." On 23 March, Putin's longtime advisor and Russian climate envoy Anatoly Chubais resigned from his position and left Russia due to his opposition to the war.
Alexei Navalny Alexei Anatolyevich Navalny (, ; 4 June 197616 February 2024) was a Russian Opposition to Vladimir Putin in Russia, opposition leader, anti-corruption in Russia, corruption activist and political prisoner. He founded the Anti-Corruption Found ...
, the opposition leader who was imprisoned in January 2021, called Putin an "obviously insane tsar" and urged Russians to continue daily street protests: "Go out onto the main square of your city every weekday at 19.00 and at 14.00 at weekends and on holidays". Later, he called out Putin's partial mobilization order by comparing the recruitment of prisoners to the fictional Suicide Squad, asking "What an army made of murderers, robbers, brigands could accomplish in combat?" Other groups which have expressed their opposition to the war include the Revolutionary Workers' Party (Russia), Revolutionary Workers Party, the
Libertarian Party of Russia The Libertarian Party of Russia () is a libertarian political party in the Russian Federation founded in 2008 based on "self-ownership and non-aggression". The party has had two members elected to local office, one in Moscow and the other in Mosc ...
, Socialist Alternative, the Pirate Party of Russia, the
United Communist Party The United Communist Party (UCP; ; ''Ob'yedinonnaya kommunisticheskaya partiya'', ''OKP'') is a communist party in Russia created at the founding congress in Moscow on 15 March 2014. The founding congress In March 2014, 91 delegates, inclu ...
, the Left Bloc and Autonomous Action. Ukrainian-born Russian politician and diplomat Natalia Poklonskaya, who rose to prominence during Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Russia's annexation of Crimea, called the invasion a catastrophe, also adding "People are dying, houses and entire cities are destroyed [leaving] millions of refugees. Bodies and souls are mutilated. My heart is bursting with pain. My two native countries are killing each other, that's not what I wanted and it's not what I want". She also said that Ukraine's society has "changed" in the eight years since the War in Donbas (2014–2022), war in Donbas with pro-Russian separatists was ongoing and that Ukrainians "would not greet Russia with flowers". She also criticized the Z (military symbol), Z military symbol. According to ''The Moscow Times'', Poklonskaya's break with Russia's official line that the Russian invasion of Ukraine is a "special military operation" to "de-Nazify and demilitarize" Ukraine was practically unheard of for a sitting official.{{Cite web , date=20 April 2022 , title=Ex-Crimea Prosecutor Poklonskaya Slams Russia's Pro-War 'Z' Symbol , url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/04/20/ex-crimea-prosecutor-poklonskaya-slams-russias-pro-war-z-symbol-a77418 , work=Moscow Times , access-date=17 June 2022 , archive-date=20 June 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620180739/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/04/20/ex-crimea-prosecutor-poklonskaya-slams-russias-pro-war-z-symbol-a77418 , url-status=live On 23 May, Russian diplomat Boris Bondarev announced that he had resigned from his position in protest over the Russian invasion of Ukraine, referring to the invasion as an "aggressive war", saying that it was not only a crime against the Ukrainian people, but also "the most serious crime against the people of Russia, with a Z (military symbol), bold letter Z crossing out all hopes and prospects for a prosperous free society in our country". On 9 September, seven council members from Smolninskoye Municipal Okrug, Smolninsky District Council in St. Petersburg passed a resolution which called on the State Duma to impeach president Putin for "high treason" due to his handling of the war in Ukraine. Subsequently, these council members have been arrested by police "due to actions aimed at discrediting the current Russian government." Dmitry Palyuga, a councillor, published a resolution on Twitter which accuse Putin of: "(1) the decimation of young able-bodied Russian men who would serve the workforce better than the military; (2) Russia's economic downturn and brain drain; (3) NATO's Enlargement of NATO, expansion eastward, including adding Finland and Sweden to "double" its border with Russia; (4) the opposite effect of the "special military operation" in Ukraine." Likewise, a similar resolution was debated and passed by Moscow's Lomonosovsky District, Moscow, Lomonosovsky District Council.


Statements against the war by public figures

After the invasion began on 24 February, several Russian celebrities, including pop star Valery Meladze, television host Ivan Urgant and television presenter Ksenia Sobchak, unambiguously criticized it on social media.{{cite news , author-first=Tristan , author-last=Bove , title=Russian celebrities risk being banned for life to slam Putin's attack on Ukraine , newspaper=Fortune , date=24 February 2022 , url=https://fortune.com/2022/02/24/russian-celebrities-risk-career-putin-attacks-ukraine/ , access-date=24 February 2022 , archive-date=25 February 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225112424/https://fortune.com/2022/02/24/russian-celebrities-risk-career-putin-attacks-ukraine/ , url-status=live The comedian and television presenter Maxim Galkin and television comedian {{Ill, Alexander Gudkov, ru, Гудков, Александр Владимирович also condemned the war, as did actress Chulpan Khamatova and actor Konstantin Khabensky. Vlogger Yury Dud received a million 'likes' for a post criticising the war: {{blockquote, I write these words for a reason. When my children grow up and discover this moment in history... and ask me 'Dad, what did you do?', I want to have written proof that I did not choose this regime and did not support its imperialist rage. Ukrainian-born pop star Svetlana Loboda asked "How is this possible? Lord, stop all this!" Figure skater Evgenia Medvedeva called for "this all [to end] as soon as possible, like a bad dream". Chess player Yan Nepomniachtchi tweeted in protest: "History has seen many Black Thursdays. But today is blacker than the others. #saynotowar". Tennis world number one Daniil Medvedev and world number seven Andrey Rublev both spoke out in favour of peace on the day of the invasion. On the following day Rublev wrote "No war please" on the camera after winning his match. The hip-hop artist Oxxxymiron cancelled upcoming shows and called for mass protest, calling the invasion "a crime and a catastrophe". Yelena Kovalskaya resigned as director of the state-owned Meyerhold Theater Center, writing that it was "impossible to work for a murderer and receive salary from him". Pianist and composer Evgeny Kissin described Russia's invasion as a crime that cannot be justified. The pianist Alexander Melnikov (pianist), Alexander Melnikov said "I'm furious with [Putin's government] for making me feel guilty about being Russian." Pop singer Sergey Lazarev called for the war to stop. On 25 February, the ice hockey star Alex Ovechkin, an ardent Putin supporter, made an ambiguous statement against the war without mentioning Ukraine or Russia. On 26 February, Georgian basketball player Tornike Shengelia announced he was prematurely terminating his contract with PBC CSKA Moscow, CSKA Moscow "in protest against Russia's invasion of Ukraine". Citing the club's historical links to the Red Army, Shengelia said: "I do not consider it possible to continue playing for the Russian army club". Liza Peskova, the daughter of Putin's spokesman Dmitry Peskov, shared an image of the "No to war" hashtag on her Instagram story but then quickly deleted it and criticized the protests. Russia's richest billionaire, Mikhail Fridman, called for the "bloodshed to end". Another oligarch, Oleg Deripaska, called for peace talks to begin "as fast as possible." An anonymous Russian billionaire told Reuters, "It is going to be catastrophic in all senses: for the economy, for relations with the rest of the world, for the political situation." Russian billionaire and owner of the REN TV television network Alexei Mordashov spoke out against both the fighting and the economic fallout that has resulted from it. "It is terrible that Ukrainians and Russians are dying, people are suffering hardships, the economy is collapsing. We must do everything necessary so that a way out of this conflict is found in the very near future and the bloodshed stops in order to help the affected people restore normal life." By 27 February, several prominent Russian public figures living in exile had organized the Anti-War Committee of Russia. The group issued a statement denouncing the war and calling on "patriots of Russia to consolidate against the aggressive dictatorship of Vladimir Putin." Mikhail Shishkin (writer), Mikhail Shishkin, winner of the 2000 Russian Booker Prize, wrote on ''The Guardian'' that "Putin is committing monstrous crimes in the name of my people, my country, and me" and saying that "in Putin's Russia it's impossible to breathe. The stench from the policeman's boot is too strong." Actor Danila Kozlovsky posted several Instagram posts condemning the war, sharing an image of a crying refugee and using the "''Нет войне!''"-hashtag. In a post on 27 February, Kozlovsky admitted to and apologized for his indifference to Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014. Timur Bekmambetov, director of hits such as ''Night Watch (2004 film), Night Watch'', condemned the invasion in an interview with Deadline Hollywood, Deadline. Unconfirmed reports states that Bekmambetov (who is based in Los Angeles) and his family had cut ties with Russia completely, following the sale his production company Bazelevs Company. On 21 March, rock musician Zemfira released an anti-war music video to her 2017 song "Don't Shoot", while also removing all of her other songs from her YouTube channel. The video contained footage of Russia's military assault on Ukraine and of anti-war protests in Moscow. In May 2022, rock singer Yuri Shevchuk was prosecuted after speaking out against Putin and the war in Ukraine at a concert in Ufa. He said that "people of Ukraine are being murdered" and "our boys are dying over there" due to "some Napoleonic plans of another Caesar of ours".{{cite news , title=Russians defiantly shout 'f**k the war' at concert in St Petersburg , url=https://www.indy100.com/viral/russians-fuck-war-st-petersberg , work=The Independent , date=23 May 2022 , access-date=2 June 2022 , archive-date=30 May 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530234317/https://www.indy100.com/viral/russians-fuck-war-st-petersberg , url-status=live In September, singer Alla Pugacheva spoke out against the invasion, writing that Russians were dying in Ukraine for "illusory goals", and that the invasion was "turning our country into a pariah and worsening the lives of our citizens." In October 2022, Russian actor Artur Smolyaninov was charged for "discrediting" the Russian military – that was after his anti-war statements and after he had left Russia. He commented; "The laws of this state do not exist for me. They, like the state itself, are inherently criminal, which means they have neither moral nor legal force." In January 2023, a
United Russia The All-Russian Political Party United Russia (, ) is the Ruling party, ruling List of political parties in Russia, political party of Russia. As the largest party in the Russian Federation, it holds 325 (or 72.22%) of the 450 seats in the St ...
deputy from the State Duma, Biysultan Khamzaev, said: "I will appeal to the Investigative Committee to open a criminal case against this traitor."


Statements against the war by organizations

The founders of the "Immortal Regiment" commemoration movement, in which ordinary Russians carry photographs of veteran family members in marches around Russia held annually to mark WWII Victory Day (9 May), Victory Day on 9 May, addressed Vladimir Putin in a statement, asking him to "stop the bloodshed". Svetlana Golub, head of the Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia told The Guardian that "Wars always lead to deaths. From the many conversations I have been sent between soldiers and their families, I believe many Russians have already died... Conflicts always mean lots of suffering. Please, both sides have to stop." Memorial (society), Memorial, the oldest human rights organization in Russia, which has been repressed against by the Russian government and forced to shut down in 2021, described the invasion as "a crime against peace and humanity" in a statement, adding that it "will remain a shameful chapter in the Russian history." On 3 March, the multinational company Lukoil, the second largest company in Russia after Gazprom, called for a ceasefire and diplomatic means to solve the conflict.


Censorship and repression

A spokesperson for the United Nations condemned the "arbitrary arrests" of protesters, and called for their immediate release. On 8 March, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet expressed concerns over "the use of repressive legislation that impedes the exercise of civil and political rights and criminalising non-violent behaviour." On 26 February, Human Rights Watch stated that videos of the crack down it analysed showed "brutal arrests of peaceful activists by police officers" and stated that "authorities' actions to prevent people from participating in peaceful public protests and freely expressing their opinions violate fundamental rights." On 3 March, it stated that the Russian government had blocked access to at least eight independent Russian media outlets, along with a number of Ukrainian media outlets, and that it was "bluntly imposing censorship combined with a false narrative that they demand everyone must parrot." Amnesty International stated that the Russian government was "hellbent on stifling state critics as it coerces domestic media into supporting its policies" and "routinely used force to disperse nationwide anti-war protests." International human rights NGO Civil Rights Defenders stated that there had been a "serious crackdown" on freedom of expression in Russia and that people who had been arrested for protesting against the war were being restricted from having access to lawyers. On 4 March, seven international and Russian human rights groups (Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, the Human Rights House Foundation, the International Federation for Human Rights, the International Service for Human Rights, the Memorial Human Rights Centre, and Civic Assistance Committee, Komitet Grazhdanskoe Sodeistvi) released a joint letter to the United Nations Human Rights Council stating that Russia was experiencing a "fully-fledged witch hunt against independent groups, human rights defenders, media outlets and journalists, and political opposition" that was "decimating civil society and forcing many into exile." Russia's interior ministry justified the arrests due to the "coronavirus restrictions, including on public events" that remained in place. Russian authorities warned Russians of legal repercussions for joining anti-war protests. On 16 March, Putin gave a speech in which he called opponents of the war "scum and traitors," saying that a "natural and necessary self-cleansing of society will only strengthen our country." Works by Russian authors critical of the war (ex. Vladimir Sorokin, Dmitry Bykov, Boris Akunin) have been subject to censorship in the form of being withdrawn from many Russian bookstores.


War censorship and fake news laws

{{main, Russian 2022 war censorship laws On 1 March, the Moscow radio station Echo of Moscow, as well as the independent channel TV Rain, was forced off air for having aired opposition to the war. After completing their final broadcast, TV Rain put on a loop of ''Swan Lake'', echoing the efforts of Soviet authorities to bury bad news, including the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, 1991 attempted coup d'état as the USSR was breaking up. On 4 March, the Russian parliament passed a law aimed at stifling reporting and opposition to the war which punishes citizens with up to 15 years in jail for spreading "fake information" about the Russian military and its operations. This law also makes it illegal "to make calls against the use of Russian troops to protect the interests of Russia" or "for discrediting such use" with a penalty possible of up to three years in prison. The same provision applies to calls for sanctions against Russia. This law effectively criminalizes any public opposition to or independent news reporting about the war against Ukraine and could make it a crime to simply call the war a "war" — the Kremlin says it is a "special military operation" — on social media or in a news article or broadcast. Later that day, Putin signed the bill into law; he also signed into law a bill that would allow fines or prison sentences of up to 3 years for those calling for sanctions. On the same day, independent newspaper ''Novaya Gazeta'' announced that it was pulling all material related to the war from its website, saying that military censorship "has moved to the threat of criminal prosecution of both journalists and citizens who spread information about military hostilities that is different from the press releases of the Ministry of Defence (Russia), Ministry of Defence." That same day,
Yekaterinburg Yekaterinburg (, ; ), alternatively Romanization of Russian, romanized as Ekaterinburg and formerly known as Sverdlovsk ( ; 1924–1991), is a city and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Ural Federal District, Russia. The ci ...
-based independent news outlet Znak.com announced that it would be suspending its operations due to political repression. That same week, Russian telecom regulator Roskomnadzor restricted access to social media websites Facebook and Twitter, as well as a number of international news organisations, including the
BBC The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England. Originally established in 1922 as the British Broadcasting Company, it evolved into its current sta ...
, German public broadcaster Deutsche Welle, American broadcasters Voice of America and
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a media organization broadcasting news and analyses in 27 languages to 23 countries across Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Middle East. Headquartered in Prague since 1995, RFE/RL ...
, Ukrainian newspaper Svoboda (newspaper), Svoboda, and Latvian news website Meduza. A number of other international news organisations suspended operations in Russia due to potential threats to their journalists, including ABC, Bloomberg News, CBC/Radio-Canada, CBS News, and CNN, with Bloomberg editor-in-chief John Micklethwait stating that "the change to the criminal code, which seems designed to turn any independent reporter into a criminal purely by association, makes it impossible to continue any semblance of normal journalism inside the country." On 6 March, Roskomnadzor restricted access to Mediazona, demanding that the website close itself down. Mediazona defiantly promised to continue, providing tips to evade censorship. On 11 March, Roskomnadzor blocked the websites of Amnesty International as well as that of Russian election monitoring group Golos (election monitor), Golos. According to the news website Agentstvo, over 150 journalists left Russia by 7 March since Putin signed the bill into law. Reporters Without Borders has called the law "the final blow [that] completed the destruction of Russia's independent media." On 16 March, Russian socialite and food blogger Veronika Belotserkovskaya became the first individual Criminal charge, charged under Russia's new Russian fake news laws, "false information" law. On 22 March, Russian journalist Alexander Nevzorov was charged after he published information that Russian forces had Mariupol hospital airstrike, shelled a maternity hospital in Mariupol; he later fled Russia where he received Ukrainian citizenship and was sentenced to arrest in absentia after a court said his posts contained "deliberately false" information.{{cite web , url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/06/03/russian-journalist-kremlin-critic-granted-ukrainian-citizenship-a77887 , title=Russian Journalist, Kremlin Critic Granted Ukrainian Citizenship , website=The Moscow Times , date=3 June 2022 On 25 March, Russian journalist Izabella Yevloyeva was charged under the "fakes law" after sharing a post on social media that described the "Z" symbol as being "synonymous with aggression, death, pain and shameless manipulation". Sergei Klokov, a Moscow policeman with Ukrainian roots, who is originally from Bucha, Kyiv Oblast, was arrested after he told colleagues what he had heard from his father and Ukrainian family friends about the Russian invasion. According to OVD-Info, over 400 people were detained or fined by April under the laws prohibiting "fake" information about the military. The use of fake messages was claimed to have been used by Russian authorities by at least one Russian anti-war protester. He claimed that shortly after he was released from detention strange anti-war messages appeared on his phone, and had feared the messages were an attempt to incriminate him before he could leave the country. More than 2,000 people were detained or fined by May 2022 under the laws prohibiting "fake" information about the military. By early June, 53 criminal cases had been opened. In July 2022, {{Interlanguage link, Alexey Gorinov, ru, Горинов, Алексей Александрович, a member of the Krasnoselsky District, Moscow, Krasnoselsky district council in Moscow, was sentenced to seven years in prison after making anti-war comments at a council meeting in March, including stating that Russia was waging a war of aggression against Ukraine. Lawyer Pavel Chikov said that this was the first jail term under the new law. In August 2022, the former mayor of Yekaterinburg, Yevgeny Roizman, was detained by police where he said he was being charged with "discrediting" the military. Roizman was previously fined three times under the same law. According to OVD-Info, the total number of people detained across Russia after six months is around 16,500, with over 3,800 being charged with offenses that carry fines, and at least 224 facing criminal prosecution. In December 2022, a Moscow court sentenced opposition politician
Ilya Yashin Ilya Valeryevich Yashin (; born 29 June 1983) is a Russian opposition politician who led the People's Freedom Party (PARNAS) from 2012 to 2016, and then its Moscow branch. He was also head of the Moscow municipal district of Krasnoselsky an ...
to eight years and six months imprisonment for his statements about the circumstances of the Bucha massacre, killings in Bucha on charges of "spreading false information" about the armed forces. His punishment was the harshest given under the new laws. Later in December, a court sentenced a worker, Vladimir Rumyantsev, from Vologda, to three years in prison after it found him guilty of broadcasting "false information" about the armed forces that was "full of hatred" on social media, including "false" accusations of robberies, killings and violence against civilians; the prosecutor had sought a prison term of six years. OVD-Info said that over 380 others were on trial for similar charges. In January 2023, an opposition deputy of the Saint Petersburg Legislative Assembly, Boris Vishnevsky, as well as a former deputy, Maksim Reznik, were charged with discrediting the armed forces over "materials about the city of Bucha" and a "large number of killed civilians". In March 2023, a new law was signed establishing criminal liability for "discrediting" and spreading "fakes" against mercenaries and volunteers fighting for Russia. Article 280.3 ("discrediting") was amended to increase the maximum prison term from five years to seven years. Article 207.3 ("fakes") was amended to increase terms from three years to five years under the first part of the law, with the second and third parts remaining unchanged, at 10 and 15 years, respectively.


Reprisals

''The Moscow Times'' reported that some Russian workers who have signed petitions against the war have been told to withdraw their signatures by their employers, and have been fired if they refused. The newspaper also reported that some companies have warned employees against "making posts about political topics on Facebook."
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a media organization broadcasting news and analyses in 27 languages to 23 countries across Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Middle East. Headquartered in Prague since 1995, RFE/RL ...
has reported that students in some universities have been threatened with expulsion over acts of anti-war protest. In early March, the student union of Saint Petersburg State University reported that the university has expelled at least 13 students for taking part in anti-war protests. A number of anti-war activists and independent journalists in Russia have had their homes targeted with vandalism since the beginning of the invasion, including having manure and messages calling them traitors left outside their doors. The Z (military symbol), Z symbol, which has achieved prominence in Russian popular culture as a symbol of support for the war, in part through state promotion of the symbol, has also been used to graffiti the homes of several anti-war activists. Film critic Anton Dolin (film critic), Anton Dolin, among those targeted with the symbol, described it as a threat, stating that "The purpose of this is clear: we know where your family lives, beware." According to ''The Moscow Times'', Russian authorities and pro-government figures have actively encouraged reporting other citizens, including friends and family, for "anti-Russian" activities including anti-war statements.


Mass arrests

The recorded number of anti-war protesters arrested by day according to OVD-Info is: * 24 February: 1,965 * 25 February: 643 * 26 February: 533 * 27 February: 2,857 * 28 February: 516 * 1 March: 329 * 2 March: 852 * 3 March: 498 * 4 March: 80 * 5 March: 84 * 6 March: 5,572 * 8 March: 122 * 13 March: 936 * 2 April: 215 * 21 September: 1,382 * 22 September: 14 * 24 September: 847 * 25 September: 149


Police brutality

Russian NGO OVD-Info reported that it had confirmed at least 30 cases of protesters being beaten by police on the weekend of 5–6 March, as well as several cases of arrested protesters being tortured in detention, while saying that "it is likely that this number is much higher. There are many videos on social networks in which police officers are seen beating anti-war protesters." An audio recording from a protester arrested that weekend who managed to conceal her phone while detained and interrogated by multiple police documented 11 minutes of physical and verbal abuse, with one officer telling her that "You are the enemies of Russia. You are the enemies of the people." Human Rights Watch has stated that Russian police have used "excessive force as they arrest people," that police sometimes cover up their ID on their uniforms, that people arrested have been "forced to have their photo and fingerprints taken and surrender their telephones, contrary to Russian law," and that several arrested protesters have been subjected to waterboarding. Mediazona has further reported that women who have been arrested have been subjected to threats of sexual violence, that arrested gender-non-conforming protesters have been ridiculed, and that police sprayed some detainees in the face with antiseptic solutions.


Reactions


Domestic opposition to anti-war sentiment

A number of people affiliated with the Russian government have spoken out against the protests. Putin's press secretary, Dmitry Peskov, stated that "now is not the time to be divided. Now is the time to unite, to unite around our president," while acknowledging that "there are heated debates among cultural figures." Margarita Simonyan, editor-in-chief of Russian state-controlled news agencies RT (TV network), RT and Rossiya Segodnya, stated that "If you are ashamed of being Russian now, don't worry, you are not Russian." In response to Simonyan's statement, Vitalik Buterin, programmer and one of the co-founders of Ethereum, said, "Go fuck yourself." Andrey Turchak, a lawmaker from Putin's
United Russia The All-Russian Political Party United Russia (, ) is the Ruling party, ruling List of political parties in Russia, political party of Russia. As the largest party in the Russian Federation, it holds 325 (or 72.22%) of the 450 seats in the St ...
party, condemn Arkady Dvorkovich's anti-war stance as "nothing but the very national betrayal, the behaviour of the fifth column, which the president [Putin] spoke about...". Chairman of the State Duma Vyacheslav Volodin denounced Russians who oppose the war as "traitors". On 16 March 2022, Russian President
Vladimir Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who has served as President of Russia since 2012, having previously served from 2000 to 2008. Putin also served as Prime Minister of Ru ...
issued a warning to Russian "traitors" who he said the West wanted to use as a "fifth column" to destroy Russia. He said that Russians should undergo "natural and necessary self-cleansing of society" to rid themselves of "bastards" and pro-Western "traitors." Russian authorities encouraged Russians to report their friends, colleagues and family members to the police for expressing opposition to the war in Ukraine.


Exodus of Russians

{{main, Russian emigration following the Russian invasion of Ukraine Since the beginning of the invasion, more than 300,000 Russians have fled the country,{{cite news , last=Boutsko , first=Anastassia , title=Who are the Russians leaving their country? , url=https://www.dw.com/en/who-are-the-russians-leaving-their-country/a-61364390 , access-date=10 April 2022 , work=Deutsche Welle , date=5 April 2022 particularly citizens who are opposed to the war, in response to increasing repression and rumours of Conscription in Russia, conscription and Martial law in Russia, martial law. Journalist Boris Grozovski published a Facebook post saying that "We are not tourists, dear citizens of Georgia. We are refugees. Personally, I was wanted by the police in Russia for distributing anti-war petitions... We ran not from bullets, bombs and missiles, but from prison. If I wrote what I write now while in Russia, I would inevitably go to prison for 15–20 years." Others have fled the country due to concerns about deteriorating conditions within the country, specifically in economical and political terms, coupled with anti-war sentiments and being targeted for past opposition movements. Bolshoi Theater ballerina Olga Smirnova (dancer), Olga Smirnova left Russia to continue her career in the Netherlands in protest of the war. By early April, an estimated 100,000 Russians had fled Russia to Georgia (country), Georgia. After three weeks of war, around 14,000 were said to have left for Turkey. Tens of thousands went to Armenia; by 24 May an estimated 108,000 Russian citizens having fled to the country, or Nordic states such as Finland. Thousands are said to have gone to Uzbekistan.


Opinion polls

A state-run poll published on 28 February by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center claimed that 68% of Russians supported the "special military operation", 22% opposed, and 10% found it difficult to answer. Later on, a series of four online polls by Alexei Navalny's
Anti-Corruption Foundation The Anti-Corruption Foundation (ACF or FBK; ; ) is a non-profit organization established in 2011 by the Russian opposition figure Alexei Navalny. The FBK published investigations into alleged corruption by high-ranking Russian government official ...
claimed to show sentiment rapidly shifting among Moscow residents. Between 25 February and 3 March, those blaming Russia for the war increased from 14% to 36%, with 79% now in favour of stopping the conflict and engaging in peace negotiation.{{cite news , title=Anti-war momentum growing in Russia, poll from opposition leader Navalny claims , newspaper=The Independent , date=8 March 2022 , url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-alexey-navalny-putin-b2030915.html , access-date=8 March 2022 , archive-date=9 March 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309010105/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/russia-ukraine-war-alexey-navalny-putin-b2030915.html , url-status=live The proportion of respondents who considered Russia an "aggressor" increased from 29% to 53%, while the share of those considering Russia a "peace-maker" fell by half from 25% to 12%. From 26 to 28 February 2022, a survey conducted by the independent research group Russian Field found that 58.8% of respondents supported the "special military operation" in Ukraine.{{cite news , last=Alyukov , first=Maxim , title=In Russia, opinion polls are a political weapon , url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/russia-opinion-polls-war-ukraine/ , access-date=10 April 2022 , work=openDemocracy , date=9 March 2022 According to the poll, in the group of 18-to-24-year-olds, only 29% supported the "special military operation". A poll by the independent Levada Center published on 30 March saw Putin's approval rating jump from 71% in February to 83% in March. Experts have warned that the figures may not accurately reflect the public mood, as the public tends to rally around leaders during war and some may be hiding their true opinions, especially with enhanced censorship and a new law prohibiting the dissemination of "fake information" about the military. A study by researchers affiliated with the London School of Economics found that stated support for the war among Russians dropped from 68% to 53% when asked indirectly about the invasion in polls. Many respondents do not want to answer pollsters' questions for fear of negative consequences. In March 2022, when a Russian opposition politician Maxim Katz and a group of Russian researchers commissioned a poll on Russians' attitudes toward the war in Ukraine, 29,400 of the 31,000 people they called refused to answer after hearing the subject matter in question.


Analysis


Status of the Russian opposition

{{See also, Opposition to Vladimir Putin in Russia Alvina Hoffmann of King's College London said that the "seemingly broad anti-war coalition is remarkable, given that the "Russian political apparatus has been systematically dismantling opposition movements, creating a climate where any form of protest is met with oppression." Russian journalist Alexander Bidin, writing for openDemocracy, stated that "Russian society lacks institutions that are capable of taking up the organisation of protests, especially at short notice" and that "for the majority, going out into the streets is a moral duty and a symbolic act, rather than a functional instrument of resistance to the authorities." Sasha de Vogel of New York University has argued that anti-war protests "are more visible to audiences in the West than to the Russian public at large" and that the protests "have no coordinating body. Many have been planned through personal networks and social media posts. In some cases, opponents of the war have simply travelled to their nearest city centre in the hope of finding like-minded citizens. Many protests are single-person pickets."


Risks of protesting

Maria Popova of McGill University stated that "you're not only taking a risk by showing up to a protest, you're taking a risk of being put on a list and being systematically harassed by authorities for having taken part in a protest," further saying that the levels of repression in Russia were "way worse than they have been at any point since Stalinist time." One protester interviewed by NPR stated that the anti-war protests "seem more dangerous" than previous protest movements in Russia under Putin and that some protesters "really did not realize that it is possible to just have a poster that says 'No to war' and end up at the police station. They really did not think that this was possible in our country." Grigory Durnovo, analyst for Russian NGO OVD-Info, told France 24 that "we have never seen such a large number of detainees per day," with protesters risking fines "from 2,000 to 300,000 rubles (from €17 to more than €2,500) and risk up to 30 days in detention." Durnovo further stated that Russian state media "sometimes mentions anti-war protests but we can't use them as a source because they don't tell the whole story." On 4 March, OVD-Info coordinator Leonid Drabkin told Al Jazeera Media Network, Al Jazeera that "in over 100 cities, we know that there were detentions" since the start of the invasion and that "this topic really touches everyone. Because it's not really about your political views, but many Russians have relatives and friends in Ukraine."


Demographics

Several commentators have noted the significant presence of youth in the anti-war protests in Russia. Cynthia Hooper of the College of the Holy Cross said that protests against the war represented a "generational struggle" in Russia, pitting "those who believe in the stories of state-run television against their own children." CNN International's diplomatic editor Nic Robertson stated that "a generation here has grown up willfully ignorant of state disinformation, weaned instead on social media, so are impervious to the lies that cowed their parents," but that they were "still contained by the massive state security infrastructure that is the real muscle behind state media's messaging." Commentators have also noted the significant role of women in the protests. Meduza journalist Alexey Kovalyov has stated that "it's mostly women who are facing real violence and serious prison time." Maria Silina of the Université du Québec à Montréal has stated that "the overwhelming majority of [anti-war protesters] were women, queer or trans — many of whom were rarely visible as political activists in Russia due to homophobic laws against them."


Impact of state media and censorship

Ben Noble of University College London stated that:
"Russian state media continues to portray a very different reality to the coverage in western media. Rather than a full-scale assault, the narrative is of a "special operation" to protect ethnic Russians in the so-called "republics" of Donetsk and Luhansk from "genocide" being carried out by Ukraine's "neo-Nazi" government. Words like "invasion" and "war" are banned in Russian media. Independent outlets have been blocked or shut down. And Russians face the prospect of harsh punishment for challenging the state's line on the conflict."
One reason many Russians have supported the "special military operation" in Ukraine has to do with the Propaganda in Russia, propaganda and disinformation being sown by the Kremlin. Some observers noted what they described as a "generational struggle" among Russians over perception of the war,{{cite web , last=Hooper , first=Cynthia , title=Russia's invasion of Ukraine has Kremlin battling for hearts and minds at home , url=https://theconversation.com/russias-invasion-of-ukraine-has-kremlin-battling-for-hearts-and-minds-at-home-177991 , website=The Conversation (website), The Conversation , access-date=3 March 2022 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303161359/https://theconversation.com/russias-invasion-of-ukraine-has-kremlin-battling-for-hearts-and-minds-at-home-177991 , archive-date=3 March 2022 , date=2 March 2022 with younger Russians more likely opposed to the war and older Russians more likely to accept the narrative presented by state-controlled mass media in Russia, media in Russia. According to researcher Mikhail Sokolov, "If you are younger than 30, live in a big city, have a higher education and do not watch television, the probability that you will not support the actions of the Russian army exceeds 80%."


Impact of international sanctions

The effect of International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War, international sanctions and condemnation of the war at domestic anti-war protests has been debated. Brian Grodsky of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County warned that the weight of sanctions might hurt the Russian opposition more than help it, saying that "the very sanctions that encourage Russians to attack the regime also narrow their available opportunities to do so." Carnegie Moscow Center scholar Andrey Movchan wrote that sanctions aimed at ordinary Russians could be "exactly what the Kremlin wants – that tens of millions of Russians who oppose the regime will be unable to leave the country and even temporarily find themselves in a world free of Russian propaganda," stating that sanctions should instead "uncompromisingly block the Kremlin's access to its financial and technological resources."


Long-term prognosis

Kremlinologist Lilia Shevtsova stated that "the 'Crimea effect' is vanishing. The war in Ukraine creates 'our' casualties – this will have an impact. Moreover, in 2008 and 2014, the wars were relatively short and they ended with 'our' victory. At the moment, a lot of Russians accept Putin's 'peace operation.' But they may change their attitude if the operation [is] long and bloody." Erica Chenoweth of the Harvard Kennedy School has stated that "protests are necessary but insufficient predictors of when elites decide to shift their loyalty" and that it was "important not to underestimate that Putin does have a real base that's incredibly loyal to him."


Overall opinion in Russia

As of December 2024, support for anti-Putin rallies in Ukraine among Russians reached an all-time low.{{cite web , url=https://www.euronews.com/2023/12/02/russians-support-of-ukraine-war-collapses-finds-poll , title=Russians' support of Ukraine war collapses, finds poll , date=2 December 2023


See also

{{Portal, Russia * 2014 anti-war protests in Russia * 2022 protests in Russian-occupied Ukraine * Boycott of Russia and Belarus * Government and intergovernmental reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine * Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War * Protests against the Russian invasion of Ukraine * State Duma initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason * White-blue-white flag *National liberation struggle of the Ingush people


Notes

{{notelist {{reflist , group=nb


References

{{reflist, refs= {{cite news , last1=Safonova , first1=Kristina , last2=Breazeale , first2=Sam , title='It was him or me' The daughter of a conservative Russian senator on her decision to speak out against the war — and lose her father , date=24 August 2022 , newspaper=Meduza , url=https://meduza.io/en/feature/2022/08/24/it-was-him-or-me , access-date=28 August 2022 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20220825041617/https://meduza.io/en/feature/2022/08/24/it-was-him-or-me , archive-date=25 August 2022 , url-status=live {{cite news , last1=Nazarova , first1=Nina , last2=Zatari , first2=Amalia , language=ru , title='Диктатура рано или поздно падет'. Дочь российского сенатора выступила против войны и уехала из страны , trans-title='The dictatorship will fall sooner or later.' The daughter of a Russian senator spoke out against the war and left the country , date=19 August 2022 , newspaper=BBC News , url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-62597886 , access-date=28 August 2022 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20220819094152/https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-62597886 , archive-date=19 August 2022 , url-status=live {{cite news , last1=Kerpner , first1=Joachim , language=sv , title=Fadern startade kriget – nu har dottern flytt Ryssland , trans-title=Father started the war – the daughter has now fled Russia , date=19 August 2022 , newspaper=Aftonbladet , url=https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/y4LXAK/dianas-pappa-startade-kriget-mot-ukraina-en-hard-man , access-date=28 August 2022 , archive-url=https://archive.today/20220828202809/https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/y4LXAK/dianas-pappa-startade-kriget-mot-ukraina-en-hard-man , archive-date=28 August 2022 , url-status=live


External links

{{Commons category-inline * {{cite web , script-title=ru:"Лишь бы не было войны!" , trans-title=If Only There is No War! , language=ru , url=https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeJzW8QSe_Jrl01hQI_7yEF0HjcfLkAOVgpkxOf_3g30RYH1A/viewform * {{cite web , script-title=ru:Мы, корреспонденты российских СМИ... , trans-title=We, correspondents of the Russian media... , date=24 February 2022 , language=ru , url=https://t.me/DB_channel_RU/64 * {{cite news , url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2022/feb/25/anti-war-protests-across-russia-in-pictures , title=Anti-war protests across Russia – in pictures , newspaper=The Guardian , date=25 February 2022


Further reading

* {{cite web , title=нет войне – Nein zum Krieg! , language=de , work=lit.Cologne , publisher=lit.Cologne GmbH , location=Cologne, Germany , date=15 March 2022 , author-first=Mariana , author-last=Sadovska , author-link=Mariana Sadovska , author-first2=Olga , author-last2=Scheps , author-link2=Olga Scheps , author-first3=Susanne , author-last3=Beyer , author-link3=:de:Susanne Beyer (Journalistin) , author-first4=Deniz , author-last4=Yücel , author-link4=Deniz Yücel , author-first5=Navid , author-last5=Kermani , author-link5=Navid Kermani , author-first6=Sasha , author-last6=Filipenko , author-link6=Sasha Filipenko , author-first7=Sasha Marianna , author-last7=Salzmann , author-link7=Sasha Marianna Salzmann , author-first8=Ulrich , author-last8=Noethen , author-link8=Ulrich Noethen , type=literature evening, radio and TV broadcast , url=https://www.litcologne.de/de/programm/lit-cologne-2022/net-vojny-nein-zum-krieg , access-date=18 March 2022 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318074112/https://www.litcologne.de/de/programm/lit-cologne-2022/net-vojny-nein-zum-krieg , archive-date=18 March 2022
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
– Carnegie Moscow Center, 28 November 2023 {{Russian opposition {{2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine {{Anti-war {{Vladimir Putin {{Authority control {{DEFAULTSORT:Anti-war protests in Russia (2022-present) 2020s protests, Russian anti-war 2020s in Russia Russian protests against the invasion of Ukraine, * Alexei Navalny Articles containing video clips