Anna Van Bourgondië
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{{Infobox person , name = Anne of Burgundy , image = Anna van bourgondië.jpg , native_name = Anna van Bourgondië , native_name_lang = nl , birth_date = circa 1435 , death_date = 14 January 1508 , known_for =
Governess A governess is a woman employed as a private tutor, who teaches and trains a child or children in their home. A governess often lives in the same residence as the children she is teaching; depending on terms of their employment, they may or ma ...
of
Mary of Burgundy Mary of Burgundy (; ; 13 February 1457 – 27 March 1482), nicknamed the Rich, was a member of the House of Valois-Burgundy who ruled the Burgundian lands, comprising the Duchy of Burgundy, Duchy and Free County of Burgundy, County of Burgundy a ...
, illegitimate child of
Philip the Good Philip III the Good (; ; 31 July 1396 – 15 June 1467) ruled as Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death in 1467. He was a member of a cadet line of the Valois dynasty, to which all 15th-century kings of France belonged. During his reign, ...
, title = Lady of Ravensburg , spouse = {{plainlist, * {{marriage, Adriaan van Borselen, 1457, 1468 * {{marriage,
Adolph of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein Adolph of Cleves, Lord of Ravenstein, Netherlands, Ravenstein (1425–1492) was the youngest son of Adolph I, Duke of Cleves, and of his wife Marie of Burgundy, Duchess of Cleves, Marie of Burgundy, a sister of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy. ...
, 1470, 1492 , parents =
Philip the Good Philip III the Good (; ; 31 July 1396 – 15 June 1467) ruled as Duke of Burgundy from 1419 until his death in 1467. He was a member of a cadet line of the Valois dynasty, to which all 15th-century kings of France belonged. During his reign, ...

Jacqueline van Steenberghe , family =
House of Valois-Burgundy The House of Valois-Burgundy (, ), or the Younger House of Burgundy, was a noble Kingdom of France, French family deriving from the royal House of Valois. (It is distinct from the Capetian House of Burgundy, descendants of King Robert II of France ...
Anne, Lady of Ravenstein, previously Anna van Borselen (circa 1435 – 14 January 1508), was the
governess A governess is a woman employed as a private tutor, who teaches and trains a child or children in their home. A governess often lives in the same residence as the children she is teaching; depending on terms of their employment, they may or ma ...
of
Mary Mary may refer to: People * Mary (name), a female given name (includes a list of people with the name) Religion * New Testament people named Mary, overview article linking to many of those below * Mary, mother of Jesus, also called the Blesse ...
, ''
suo jure ''Suo jure'' is a Latin phrase, used in English to mean 'in his own right' or 'in her own right'. In most nobility-related contexts, it means 'in her own right', since in those situations the phrase is normally used of women; in practice, especi ...
'' Duchess of Burgundy, herself a member of the
House of Valois-Burgundy The House of Valois-Burgundy (, ), or the Younger House of Burgundy, was a noble Kingdom of France, French family deriving from the royal House of Valois. (It is distinct from the Capetian House of Burgundy, descendants of King Robert II of France ...
as an illegitimate daughter of Philip III,
Duke of Burgundy Duke of Burgundy () was a title used by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, from its establishment in 843 to its annexation by the Crown lands of France, French crown in 1477, and later by members of the House of Habsburg, including Holy Roman E ...
("Philip the Good").


Life


Early life

Anne was born around 1435 as one of the numerous
illegitimate children Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce. Conversely, ''illegitimacy'', also known as ''b ...
of Philip III,
Duke of Burgundy Duke of Burgundy () was a title used by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, from its establishment in 843 to its annexation by the Crown lands of France, French crown in 1477, and later by members of the House of Habsburg, including Holy Roman E ...
("Philip the Good"; 1396–1467). She had three older legitimate half-brothers and at least seventeen illegitimate half-siblings. Her mother was one of the duke's twenty-four documented
mistresses Mistress is the feminine form of the English word "master" (''master'' + ''-ess'') and may refer to: Romance and relationships * Mistress (lover), a female lover of a married man ** Royal mistress * Maîtresse-en-titre, official mistress of a ...
, Jacqueline van Steenberghe, of whom not much else is known. Anne was acknowledged as the duke's child and raised in her father's
court A court is an institution, often a government entity, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between Party (law), parties and Administration of justice, administer justice in Civil law (common law), civil, Criminal law, criminal, an ...
.


First marriage

In 1457, around the age of 22, Anne married Adriaan van Borselen, her father's chamberlain, a
Dutch Dutch or Nederlands commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands ** Dutch people as an ethnic group () ** Dutch nationality law, history and regulations of Dutch citizenship () ** Dutch language () * In specific terms, i ...
nobleman Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally appointed by and ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. T ...
from
Zeeland Zeeland (; ), historically known in English by the Endonym and exonym, exonym Zealand, is the westernmost and least populous province of the Netherlands. The province, located in the southwest of the country, borders North Brabant to the east ...
. Van Borselen had been
knighted A knight is a person granted an honorary title of a knighthood by a head of state (including the pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church, or the country, especially in a military capacity. The concept of a knighthood ...
in 1426, and owned numerous manors on the island of
Walcheren Walcheren () is a region and former island in the Dutch province of Zeeland at the mouth of the Scheldt estuary. It lies between the Eastern Scheldt in the north and the Western Scheldt in the south and is roughly the shape of a rhombus. The two ...
in Zeeland (
Brigdamme Brigdamme is a former hamlet and municipality in the Dutch province of Zeeland Zeeland (; ), historically known in English by the Endonym and exonym, exonym Zealand, is the westernmost and least populous province of the Netherlands. The p ...
,
West-Souburg West-Souburg is a neighbourhood of Vlissingen and former village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is part of the municipality of Vlissingen, and has been annexed by the city. The village was first mentioned in 1162 as Sutburch, and used to m ...
,
Oost-Souburg Oost-Souburg is a town in the municipality of Vlissingen in the province of Zeeland, Netherlands. History The village was first mentioned in 1162 as Sutburch, and used to mean "southern fortified place", because it was the most southern of thre ...
, Sint-Laurens, Popkensburg, Koudekerke, Zoutelande,
Kleverskerke Kleverskerke is a small village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is located in the municipality of Middelburg, about 4 kilometres north-east of the city centre. History The village was first mentioned in 1251 as Clawarskerke, and means "( ...
, Grijpskerke, Meliskerke, and
Ritthem Ritthem is a village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is located in the municipality of Vlissingen, about 4 kilometres east of the city. History The village was first mentioned in 1235 as Rithem, and means "settlement near reed". Ritthem ...
). The couple lived in the one in
West-Souburg West-Souburg is a neighbourhood of Vlissingen and former village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is part of the municipality of Vlissingen, and has been annexed by the city. The village was first mentioned in 1162 as Sutburch, and used to m ...
, and had no children together. Around the time of her first wedding, Anne was put in charge of the education of her niece,
Mary Mary may refer to: People * Mary (name), a female given name (includes a list of people with the name) Religion * New Testament people named Mary, overview article linking to many of those below * Mary, mother of Jesus, also called the Blesse ...
, daughter of her legitimate half-brother
Charles I Charles I may refer to: Kings and emperors * Charlemagne (742–814), numbered Charles I in the lists of Holy Roman Emperors and French kings * Charles I of Anjou (1226–1285), also king of Albania, Jerusalem, Naples and Sicily * Charles I of ...
, Duke of Burgundy ("Charles the Bold"; 1433–1477). She appointed Jeanne de Clito to teach her. Anne and her husband founded villages and financed the construction of churches such as the ones in
Sommelsdijk Sommelsdijk is a village on the island of Goeree-Overflakkee, South Holland, the Netherlands, and part of the municipality of the same name. Sommelsdijk has (1 January 2022) 7,195 inhabitants which makes it the second largest settlement after Midd ...
(1464) and Bruinisse (1466), working together with other landowners. She was also active in the impoldering and diking of
salt marshes A salt marsh, saltmarsh or salting, also known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal marsh, is a coastal ecosystem in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open Seawater, saltwater or brackish water that is regularly flooded by the ti ...
. In 1468, Adriaan van Borselen died and Anne inherited all of his possessions.


Second marriage

In 1470, now aged 35, Anne remarried to her cousin, Adolph of Cleves, Lord of
Ravenstein Ravenstein may refer to: Places * Ravenstein, Germany in the district Neckar-Odenwald, Baden-Württemberg * Ravenstein, Netherlands in Oss, North Brabant * Ravenstein railway station Films Ravenstein a 2020 British Horror film People with the ...
and
Wijnendale Wijnendale is a village located in the Belgian province of West Flanders. It belongs to the municipality of Torhout. Wijnendale is situated at 4 km from the city center of Torhout, halfway in between this city center and Ichtegem. The villa ...
(1425–1492). He was the younger son of
Adolph I, Duke of Cleves Adolph I of Cleves () (2 August 1373 – 23 September 1448) was the second Count of Cleves and the fourth Count of Mark. Life He was the son of Adolph III, Count of Mark, and Margaret of Jülich (and thus the brother of Margaret of Cleves) ...
(1373–1448) and his consort,
Mary of Burgundy Mary of Burgundy (; ; 13 February 1457 – 27 March 1482), nicknamed the Rich, was a member of the House of Valois-Burgundy who ruled the Burgundian lands, comprising the Duchy of Burgundy, Duchy and Free County of Burgundy, County of Burgundy a ...
(1393–1466), Anne's paternal aunt. Adolph was also widowed and had previously been married to ''
Infanta Infante (, ; f. ''infanta''), also anglicised as "infant" or translated as "prince", is the title and rank given in the Iberian kingdoms of Spain (including the predecessor kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, Navarre, and León) and Portugal to the ...
''
Beatrice of Coimbra Infanta Beatrice of Coimbra (1435–1462) was the fifth child of Infante Peter, Duke of Coimbra, and Isabella of Urgell, Duchess of Coimbra, Isabella of Urgell. After the Battle of Alfarrobeira, where her father's army was defeated by the Portugu ...
(1435–1462), a granddaughter of
John I, King of Portugal John I ( uˈɐ̃w̃ 11 April 1357 – 14 August 1433), also called John of Aviz, was King of Portugal from 1385 until his death in 1433. He is recognized chiefly for his role in Portugal's victory in a succession war with Castile, preserv ...
. He had one surviving child from this marriage, 14-year-old
Philip Philip, also Phillip, is a male name derived from the Macedonian Old Koine language, Greek (''Philippos'', lit. "horse-loving" or "fond of horses"), from a compound of (''philos'', "dear", "loved", "loving") and (''hippos'', "horse"). Prominen ...
(1456–1528) and an illegitimate son, John of Cleves, bastard of Ravenstein. Shortly after 1470, Anne acquired ''Hof van Leffinge'' (Leffinge House) in Molenmeers, renaming it ''Hof van Ravenstein'' (Ravenstein House), a palace that she kept at least until 1501 and possibly until her death. In 1475, Adolph became stadtholder-general ( steward) of the Low Countries, and in 1483, he was appointed a member of the
regency In a monarchy, a regent () is a person appointed to govern a state because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been dete ...
council which governed during the minority of Philip IV, Duke of Burgundy ("Philip the Handsome"; 1478–1506). Anne worked on
land reclamation Land reclamation, often known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill), is the process of creating new Terrestrial ecoregion, land from oceans, list of seas, seas, Stream bed, riverbeds or lake ...
in Zeeland, giving her name to a
polder A polder () is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrology, hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as levee, dikes. The three types of polder are: # Land reclamation, Land reclaimed from a body of water, such as a ...
known as Sint-Annaland in 1476. By 1486, she had had a new church built and by 1487, a second polder, Sint Philipsland. She was widowed for a second time in 1492. In 1498 she transferred Sint-Annaland, Hannevosdijk and Moggershil to her half-brother Baudouin of Burgundy, Lord of Fallais (1446–1508), another illegitimate child of Philip the Good. Anne died on 14 January 1508. Her body was buried next to her second husband's in the Dominican church in
Brussels Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) is a Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium#Regions, region of Belgium comprising #Municipalit ...
, which has since been demolished. Her heart was placed in the church of
West-Souburg West-Souburg is a neighbourhood of Vlissingen and former village in the Dutch province of Zeeland. It is part of the municipality of Vlissingen, and has been annexed by the city. The village was first mentioned in 1162 as Sutburch, and used to m ...
with the body of her first spouse. The castle in West-Souburg and the Zeeland polders were inherited by her (also illegitimate) half-brother, Philip of Burgundy (1464–1524), a
priest A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deity, deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in parti ...
and
Admiral of Flanders Admiral of Flanders (1383–1483) and Admiral of the Netherlands (1485–1573) was a title in the medieval Low Countries for the commander of the war fleet. The title of ''admiral'' (from the Arab ''emir-al-bahr''), for naval commanders of ships w ...
. Another one of her siblings, Baudouin, who had already received some lands from her while she was alive, inherited ''Hof van Leffinge.''


References

* Guy Dupont, 'Bourgondië, Anna van', in het Nationaal Biografisch Woordenboek, dl. 18, Brussel, 2007. Nobility of the Burgundian Netherlands Governesses Ladies-in-waiting 1430s births 1508 deaths House of Valois-Burgundy Illegitimate children of monarchs Philip the Good (Duke of Burgundy) 15th-century French nobility 15th-century French women 16th-century French nobility 16th-century French women educators 16th-century French educators Daughters of dukes Daughters of counts