HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

André Morellet (7 March 172712 January 1819) was a French
economist An economist is a professional and practitioner in the social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy. Within this field there are ...
, author of various writings, contributor to the and one of the last Enlightenment Age .''


Biography

Born at
Lyon Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of ...
, and educated by the Jesuits there, Morellet completed his theology degree in 1752 at the Sorbonne and quickly became recognized thereafter in Parisian literary circles for his views on religious tolerance, inoculation, penal reform, liberty of the press and freedom of commerce. Morellet's early instruction by the Jesuits and his eventual clerical designation as abbé undoubtedly influenced his earliest writings in which the then 28-year-old licentiate in theology completed at least six articles, noted for their scope and length, to Volumes 6 and 7 of the ''Encyclopédie''. A fiercely independent thinker once led
Voltaire François-Marie Arouet (; 21 November 169430 May 1778) was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher. Known by his '' nom de plume'' M. de Voltaire (; also ; ), he was famous for his wit, and his criticism of Christianity—es ...
to refer to Morellet as "" ("Father Bite-them") because of his sharp wit. He was a noted friend of
Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin ( April 17, 1790) was an American polymath who was active as a writer, scientist, inventor An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition, idea or process. An invention may be an improvement upon a m ...
. By 1754, Morellet had gradually terminated his official association with the and instead redirected his attention to the French political economy. He sought to greater effect societal reforms through new writings, particularly on freedom of commerce, in which one paper stressed the importance of the textile industry (). He never abandoned the spirit of the though; in the spring of 1760, Morellet wrote in defense of the who were attacked by the Le Franc de Pompignan and Charles Palissot, publishing , , and the (the last procured Morellet a short stay in the
Bastille The Bastille (, ) was a fortress in Paris, known formally as the Bastille Saint-Antoine. It played an important role in the internal conflicts of France and for most of its history was used as a state prison by the kings of France. It was stor ...
for an alleged
libel Defamation is the act of communicating to a third party false statements about a person, place or thing that results in damage to its reputation. It can be spoken (slander) or written (libel). It constitutes a tort or a crime. The legal defi ...
on the patroness of Palissot's. Not all of Morellet's writings were well received. In 1765, he produced a French translation of '' On Crimes and Punishments''. His translation was widely criticized for the liberties he took with the text. Morellet had the opinion that the Italian text of Beccaria did require some clarification. He therefore left some parts out, and sometimes added others. But he mainly changed the structure of the essay by moving, merging or splitting chapters. These interventions were known to experts, but because Beccaria himself had indicated in a letter to Morellet that he fully agreed with him, it was assumed that these adaptations also had Beccaria's consent in substance. The differences are so great, however, that the book from the hands of Morellet became quite another book than the book that Beccaria wrote. In his later active years, Morellet was involved in quasi-diplomatic communications with English statesmen, and was elected a member of the
Académie française An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary education, secondary or tertiary education, tertiary higher education, higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membershi ...
in 1785. In 1786, he completed the translation of
Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. He was previously the nati ...
's only published book, ''Notes on the State of Virginia'' (published in 1787 as ''Observations sur la Virginie''). His firm conviction for the improvement of society never wavered; he continued to write even as outspoken critics of the French Revolution were executed publicly by the guillotine. The success of Morellet's pamphlet titled (1794), which called for the restoration of the property to families of the executed, revived his philosophical optimism and led to his next work on behalf of the dispossessed parents and grandparents of political émigrés (, 1795). In his last year, he brought out four volumes of , composed chiefly of selections from his former publications, and after his death appeared his (2 vols., 1821). Endnote: A bibliography of his numerous works is given in
Quérard Quérard may refer to: * Estelle Quérard *Joseph-Marie Quérard Joseph Marie Quérard (25 December 1797 – 3 December 1865) was a French bibliographer. He was born at Rennes, where he was apprenticed to a bookseller. Sent abroad on business ...
's , vol. vi.; see also Sainte-Beuve, ''Causeries du lundi'', vol. i.
At the time of his death, the ninety-one year-old had amassed a personal library of 4,736 titles, which sold at auction for 22,169 francs.


Works


Main books

* ''De l'expression en musique'' (1770) * ''Théorie du paradoxe'' (1775) * ''Éloges de
Madame Geoffrin Madame may refer to: * Madam, civility title or form of address for women, derived from the French * Madam (prostitution), a term for a woman who is engaged in the business of procuring prostitutes, usually the manager of a brothel * ''Madame'' ( ...
, contemporaine de Mme Du Deffand, par MM. Morellet,
Thomas Thomas may refer to: People * List of people with given name Thomas * Thomas (name) * Thomas (surname) * Saint Thomas (disambiguation) * Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, and Doctor of the Church * Thomas the ...
et
d'Alembert Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert (; ; 16 November 1717 – 29 October 1783) was a French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher, and music theorist. Until 1759 he was, together with Denis Diderot, a co-editor of the ''Encyclopéd ...
, suivis de lettres de Mme Geoffrin et à Mme Geoffrin, et d'un Essai sur la conversation'' (1818) * ''Mélanges de littérature et de philosophie du XVIIIe'' (1818) * ''Mémoires de l'abbé Morellet, de l'Académie française, sur le dix-huitième siècle et sur la Révolution'' (1821). Réédition : Mercure de France, Paris, 1988. Texte en ligne (extraits annotés)
c18.net
* ''Lettres inédites de l'abbé Morellet, sur l'histoire politique et littéraire des années 1806 et 1807, pour faire suite à ses Mémoires'' (1822)


Translations from English and Italian

* ''Prière universelle'' by
Alexander Pope Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 O.S. – 30 May 1744) was an English poet, translator, and satirist of the Enlightenment era who is considered one of the most prominent English poets of the early 18th century. An exponent of Augustan literature, ...
(1760) * ''Manuel des inquisiteurs'' by Nicolaus Eymericus (1762). Réédition : ''Abrégé du manuel des inquisiteurs'', Jérome Millon, 200. * ''Recherches sur le style'' by
Cesare Beccaria Cesare Bonesana di Beccaria, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio (; 15 March 173828 November 1794) was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, economist and politician, who is widely considered one of the greatest thinkers of the Age ...
(1771) * ''Legs d'un père à ses filles'' by John Gregory (1774) * ''Traité des délits et des peines'' de
Cesare Beccaria Cesare Bonesana di Beccaria, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio (; 15 March 173828 November 1794) was an Italian criminologist, jurist, philosopher, economist and politician, who is widely considered one of the greatest thinkers of the Age ...
(1765) V. Ph. Audegean, Genèse et signification des délits et des peines de Beccaria, Archives de philosophie du droit, Dalloz 2010, tome 53, p. 10. * ''Observations sur la Virginie'' de
Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. He was previously the nati ...
(1786) * ''L'Italien, ou le Confessional des pénitens noirs'' by
Ann Radcliffe Ann Radcliffe (née Ward; 9 July 1764 – 7 February 1823) was an English novelist and a pioneer of Gothic fiction. Her technique of explaining apparently supernatural elements in her novels has been credited with gaining respectability for G ...
(1797) * ''Voyage de découverte à l'Océan pacifique du Nord'' by
George Vancouver Post-captain, Captain George Vancouver (22 June 1757 – 10 May 1798) was a British Royal Navy officer best known for his Vancouver Expedition, 1791–1795 expedition, which explored and charted North America's northwestern West Coast of the Un ...
(1798) * ''Histoire de l'Amérique, livres IX et X contenant l'histoire de la Virginie jusqu'à l'année 1688 et celle de la Nouvelle-Angleterre jusqu'en 1652'' by William Robertson (1798) * ''Extrait du sermon prêché en Irlande, le jour de la commémoration de la mort de Charles Ier, en 1725-1726'' by Jonathan Swift (1811) * ''Les Enfants de l'abbaye'' by Regina Maria Roche (1812) * ''Le Moine'' by
Matthew Gregory Lewis Matthew Gregory Lewis (9 July 1775 – 14 or 16 May 1818) was an English novelist and dramatist, whose writings are often classified as "Gothic horror". He was frequently referred to as "Monk" Lewis, because of the success of his 1796 Gothic n ...
(1838) * ''Le Tombeau'' by
Ann Radcliffe Ann Radcliffe (née Ward; 9 July 1764 – 7 February 1823) was an English novelist and a pioneer of Gothic fiction. Her technique of explaining apparently supernatural elements in her novels has been credited with gaining respectability for G ...
(1850)


References


External links


Notice biographique de l'Académie française


{{DEFAULTSORT:Morellet, Andre 1727 births 1819 deaths Writers from Lyon University of Paris alumni Members of the Académie Française Physiocrats French translators French–English translators English–French translators Italian–French translators 18th-century French economists Members of the Chamber of Deputies of the Bourbon Restoration Contributors to the Encyclopédie (1751–1772) Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery Prisoners of the Bastille 18th-century French translators