André Géraud (18 October 1882 – 11 December 1974) was a French journalist and

animal rights Animal rights is the philosophy according to which many or all Animal consciousness, sentient animals have Moral patienthood, moral worth independent of their Utilitarianism, utility to humans, and that their most basic interests—such as ...

advocate who wrote under the pseudonym Pertinax.The Press: Pertinax Goes Home
, ''Time'' (15 October 1945), retrieved 21 July 2018.
''The New York Times''.

Biography

Géraud studied history at Bordeaux University and in 1905 joined the Landon Bureau of '' L'Écho de Paris''. Three years later, he became its chief British correspondent. He wrote on international affairs for '' The Pall Mall Gazette'' in 1910 and ''

The Daily Telegraph ''The Daily Telegraph'', known online and elsewhere as ''The Telegraph'', is a British daily broadsheet conservative newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed in the United Kingdom and internationally. It was found ...

'' in 1912. Géraud was an early advocate of

. In 1924, he authored ''Déclaration des droits de l'animal'' which was re-published in 1939. Because the book was never translated into English, Géraud is rarely cited in English-language literature relating to animal rights, unlike

Henry Stephens Salt Henry Shakespear Stephens Salt (; 20 September 1851 – 19 April 1939) was a British writer and social reformer. He campaigned for social reform in the fields of prisons, schools, economic institutions, and the treatment of animals. He was a n ...

, who is often cited. The book influenced

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...

's Universal Declaration of Animal Rights in 1978. The book put forward the idea of an "animal code" based on three guiding principles. Animals must be happy, or, they suffer; the suffering inflicted on animals must be strictly indispensable; and the pleasures allowed to animals are justified and must not be deprived. Géraud commented that "the Declaration of Animal Rights in the twentieth century shall be the counterpart of the Declaration of Human Rights in the eighteenth century". After the

Fall of France The Battle of France (; 10 May – 25 June 1940), also known as the Western Campaign (), the French Campaign (, ) and the Fall of France, during the Second World War was the German invasion of the Low Countries (Belgium, Luxembourg and the Net ...

in June 1940, Géraud sailed to the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

on a British

destroyer In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, maneuverable, long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy, or carrier battle group and defend them against a wide range of general threats. They were conceived i ...

. ''

Time Time is the continuous progression of existence that occurs in an apparently irreversible process, irreversible succession from the past, through the present, and into the future. It is a component quantity of various measurements used to sequ ...

'' called him "France's No. 1 journalist-in-exile" who had a "reputation for perspicacity."

Selected publications

*''Déclaration des droits de l'animal'' (Bibliothèque A. Géraud, 1939) *''The Grave Diggers of France: Gamelin, Daladier, Reynaud, Pétain, and Laval. Military Defeat, Armistice, Counterrevolution'' (

New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...

: Doubleday, Doran & Company, 1944).

Notes

External links

Pertinax's contributions
to ''

Foreign Affairs ''Foreign Affairs'' is an American magazine of international relations and foreign policy of the United States, U.S. foreign policy published by the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit organization, nonprofit, nonpartisan, membership or ...

'' * {{DEFAULTSORT:Geraud, Andre 1882 births 1974 deaths 20th-century French journalists 20th-century French male writers French animal rights activists French animal rights scholars French male non-fiction writers University of Bordeaux alumni