Alçay-Alçabéhéty-Sunharette
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Alçay-Alçabéhéty-Sunharette (; )ALTZAI-ALTZABEHETI-ZUNHARRETA
Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia Pic d'Anie (Basque Auñamendi) is a mountain of the Pyrenees in France, located close to the Spanish border. It is high. The mountain boasts an almost perfect pyramidal shape and is surrounded by the spectacular karst landscape of. ''Larra'', ...
is a commune in the
Pyrénées-Atlantiques Pyrénées-Atlantiques (; Gascon language, Gascon Occitan language, Occitan: ''Pirenèus Atlantics''; ) is a Departments of France, department located in the Regions of France, region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the southwest corner of metropolitan ...
department in the
Nouvelle-Aquitaine Nouvelle-Aquitaine () is the largest Regions of France, administrative region in France by area, spanning the west and southwest of Metropolitan France. The region was created in 2014 by the merging of Aquitaine, Limousin, and Poitou-Charentes ...
region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as areas, zones, lands or territories, are portions of the Earth's surface that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and ...
in southwestern
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
.


Geography


Location

Alçay-Alçabéhéty-Sunharette is located in the former province of
Soule Soule (; Basque language, Basque: Zuberoa; Zuberoan/ Soule Basque: Xiberoa or Xiberua; ) is a former viscounty and France, French Provinces of France, province and part of the present-day Pyrénées-Atlantiques ''département in France, départ ...
. It is located some 35 km west by south-west of
Oloron-Sainte-Marie Oloron-Sainte-Marie (; ; ) is a commune in the southwestern French department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. History The town was founded by the Romans in the 1st century, then known as ''Illoronensium''. Situated on the Roman way between the ...
and 10 km north of
Larrau Larrau (; )LARRAINE
Tardets-Sorholus Tardets-Sorholus (; )ATHARRATZE-SORHOLÜZE
in the north-east. The D149 branches off this road in the commune and goes north to
Camou-Cihigue Camou-Cihigue (; )GAMERE-ZIHIGA
Mendive Mendive (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France. It is located in the former province of Lower Navarre. See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department The following is a list of the ...
.Google Maps
/ref>


Hydrography

Located in the
drainage basin A drainage basin is an area of land in which all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...
of the
Adour The Adour (; ; ) is a river in southwestern France. It rises in High- Bigorre ( Pyrenees), in the commune of Aspin-Aure, and flows into the Atlantic Ocean ( Bay of Biscay) near Bayonne. It is long, of which the uppermost ca. is known as the ' ...
, most of the southern border of the commune is formed by the ''Alphoura'' river (18 km long) which also flows through the village and continues northeast to join the
Saison Saison ( French, "season," ) is a pale-colored ale that is highly carbonated, dry, fruity, spicy, and often bottle conditioned. It was historically brewed with low alcohol levels, but modern productions of the style have moderate to high leve ...
near
Alos-Sibas-Abense Alos-Sibas-Abense (; ; ) ''oénse'' > ''auénse'' > ''abense''. The base of the name is the oronym ''ona'', also present in ''Bayonne'' and ''Oneix''. The modern Basque form (''Onizegañia'', ''Onizegañe'' or ''Omiz(e)'') are equivalent to "Uppe ...
. The Alphoura is fed by many tributaries rising in the commune including the ''Azaléguy'' and ''Ardounc''. The ''Escalérako erreka'' rises in the south and flows west with its many tributaries. Paul Raymond mentioned the ''Arangaïxa'', a brook that rises at Alçay and flows into the Alphoura.


Localities and hamlets

* Aguer (Barn) * Albinzé (cayolar) * Alçabéhéty * Alçay * Ampo * Andoche (cayolar) * Arangaitz (Pass) * Arhansus (cayolar) * Arhex Borde * Atheis * Azaléguy * Azaléguiko Karbia (Cave) * Bagadoya * Bagazaguita (cayolar) * Bagothusta * Belhy * Berrayde * Bethalia * Bidalunia * Bordagagna * Borda Iribarneko * Bordapia * Burdin Olatzé (cayolar) * Burgance * Çaro * Chaldupia * Chuburu * Croix Garat (la) * Elichabeborda * Eltzegagnia (cayolar) * Erbinia * Espoulapia * Esquirassy (district) * Etcheberri Borda * Etcheverry * Etchecopar Borda * Eyhéraber * Ezpalako Larria * Goyheneix Borde * Gutux Borde * Habrague (cayolar) * Handia (Borda) * Haquits (Mill) * Harizmendy * Harristolatzia * Houretaborda * Ibarburia (Pass) * Ibarria * Illaberria * Inharchoury * Irriko Borda * Kamitchel * Kharalda * Lapistoy * Larramendia * Laxunia * Laze * Lechardoy * Lecharria (cayolar) * Lekayborda * Leziague (fountain) * Lomendi * Luchiloa * Lucu * Lutogagne * Maraizolatzé * Méthola * Miranda * Néquézaurborda * Ourdanberhartia * Oxapuria * Oxibar (Pass) * Pista Uthurria * Poyuko Borda * Sallaberriko borda * Sobieta (Grange) * Sunharette * Thipinka * Ursoy (cayolar) * Utzidoy * Uztarila (cayolar) * Uztubulia Géoportail
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Toponymy

The commune name in
Basque Basque may refer to: * Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France * Basque language, their language Places * Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France * Basque Country (autonomous co ...
is ''Altzai-Altzabeheti-Zunharreta''.
Brigitte Jobbé-Duval Brigitte Jobbé-Duval is a French historian and linguist Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), Morphology (linguistics) ...
, ''Dictionary of placenames - Pyrénées-Atlantiques'', 2009, Archives and Culture,
According to Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, the base ''(h)altz'' meaning "aulne" was used for both the toponyms ''Alcay'' and ''Alçabéhéty''. ''beheti'' means "at the bottom". The name ''Sunharette'' comes from the
Basque Basque may refer to: * Basques, an ethnic group of Spain and France * Basque language, their language Places * Basque Country (greater region), the homeland of the Basque people with parts in both Spain and France * Basque Country (autonomous co ...
''zunhar'' (Name from
Soule Soule (; Basque language, Basque: Zuberoa; Zuberoan/ Soule Basque: Xiberoa or Xiberua; ) is a former viscounty and France, French Provinces of France, province and part of the present-day Pyrénées-Atlantiques ''département in France, départ ...
meaning "elm" or "poplar") using the romanized locative suffix ''ette'' meaning the "place of elm". The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune. Sources: *Orpustan: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan,
'' New Basque Toponymy''
ref name="Orpustan">Jean-Baptiste Orpustan,
''New Basque Toponymy''
Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2006,
*
Raymond Raymond is a male given name of Germanic origin. It was borrowed into English from French (older French spellings were Reimund and Raimund, whereas the modern English and French spellings are identical). It originated as the Germanic ᚱᚨᚷá ...
:''
''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. ''Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees''
Paul Raymond, Imprimerie nationale, 1863, Digitised from Lyon Public Library 15 June 2011
* Cassini1: Alçabéhéty on the Ldh/EHESS/Cassini database * Cassini2: Sunharette on the Ldh/EHESS/Cassini database Origins: *Duchesne: Duchesne collection volume CXIVDuchesne Collection, volumes 99 to 114, containing the papers of Oihenart, former Imperial Librarian -
Bibliothèque nationale de France The (; BnF) is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites, ''Richelieu'' and ''François-Mitterrand''. It is the national repository of all that is published in France. Some of its extensive collections, including bo ...
*Ohix: Contracts retained by Ohix, Notary of
Soule Soule (; Basque language, Basque: Zuberoa; Zuberoan/ Soule Basque: Xiberoa or Xiberua; ) is a former viscounty and France, French Provinces of France, province and part of the present-day Pyrénées-Atlantiques ''département in France, départ ...
*Chronicles: Chronicles of Arthez-LassalleTitles of the Arthez-Lassalle family at Tardets *Soule: Custom of
Soule Soule (; Basque language, Basque: Zuberoa; Zuberoan/ Soule Basque: Xiberoa or Xiberua; ) is a former viscounty and France, French Provinces of France, province and part of the present-day Pyrénées-Atlantiques ''département in France, départ ...
Custom of
Soule Soule (; Basque language, Basque: Zuberoa; Zuberoan/ Soule Basque: Xiberoa or Xiberua; ) is a former viscounty and France, French Provinces of France, province and part of the present-day Pyrénées-Atlantiques ''département in France, départ ...
in 1520, printed at Pau in 1760


History

In 1790 Sunharette was the chief town of a canton which was part of the District of Mauleon. The canton included the communes of Alçay-Alçabéhéty-Sunharette,
Alos-Sibas-Abense Alos-Sibas-Abense (; ; ) ''oénse'' > ''auénse'' > ''abense''. The base of the name is the oronym ''ona'', also present in ''Bayonne'' and ''Oneix''. The modern Basque form (''Onizegañia'', ''Onizegañe'' or ''Omiz(e)'') are equivalent to "Uppe ...
,
Camou-Cihigue Camou-Cihigue (; )GAMERE-ZIHIGA
Etchebar Etchebar (; )ETXEBARRE
,
Lichans-Sunhar Lichans-Sunhar (; )LEXANTZÜ-ZÜNHARRE
, and
Ossas-Suhare Ossas-Suhare (; )Ozaze-Zühara
. In 1833, the three communes of Alçay, Alçabéhéty, and Sunharette merged to form a single joint commune.


Heraldry


Administration

List of Successive Mayors


Inter-communality

The town is part of seven intercommunal organisations: *the Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque *the association to support Basque culture; *the SIVOM of the canton of Tardets; *the intercommunal association of the gaves d'Oloron and Mauléon *the SIVU for Tourism in Haute-Soule and Barétous; *the AEP association for Soule Country *the association for remediation of Soule Country


Population


Economy

Activity is mainly focused on agriculture (livestock and pasture). The town is part of the
Appellation d'origine contrôlée In France, the ''appellation d'origine contrôlée'' (, ; abbr. AOC ) is a label that identifies an agricultural product whose stages of production and processing are carried out in a defined geographical area – the ''terroir'' – and using ...
(AOC) zone of
Ossau-Iraty Ossau-Iraty () is a Basque cheese made from sheep's milk. Origin Ossau-Iraty or Esquirrou is produced in south-western France, in the Northern Basque Country and in Béarn. Its name reflects its geographical location, the Ossau Valley in Béarn ...
cheese.


Culture and heritage


Civil heritage

The commune has two sites that are registered as historical monuments: *The Seven Ibarnaba
Tumuli A tumulus (: tumuli) is a mound of Soil, earth and Rock (geology), stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds, mounds, howes, or in Siberia and Central Asia as ''kurgans'', and may be found through ...
in the Esquirassy districtMinistry of Culture, Mérimée *The Ten Ibarletta
Tumuli A tumulus (: tumuli) is a mound of Soil, earth and Rock (geology), stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds, mounds, howes, or in Siberia and Central Asia as ''kurgans'', and may be found through ...
in the Esquirassy districtMinistry of Culture, Mérimée ;Other sites of interest *The Gaztelu zahar (Basque meaning "fortified place") of Maide korralea meaning "the enclosure of Maide" is attributed to ''Maidé'', mythological beings incorporating some of the traits of
Jentil {{Short description, Basque mythological giants The jentil (or jentilak with the Basque plural), are a race of giants in Basque mythology. This word meaning ''gentile'', from Latin ''gentilis'', was used to refer to pre-Christian civilizations an ...
s and Laminak.


Religious Heritage

*The Romanesque Parish Church of Saint-Pierre (Middle Ages) is registered as an historical monument. The church contains a Processional Cross (16th century) which is registered as an historical object.Ministry of Culture, Palissy


Environmental heritage

*The Belhygagne peaks (also called the ''peak of Vultures'') and Gaztelia are the highest points in the commune at, respectively, 1,072 and 1,345 metres high.


See also

*
Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department The following is a list of the 545 Communes of France, communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Departments of France, department of France. The communes cooperate in the following Communes of France#Intercommunality, intercommunalities (as of 202 ...


References


External links


Alçay-Alçabéhéty-Sunharette on Géoportail
National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
''Sunharete'' and ''Alcabehety'' on the 1750 Cassini Map
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alcayalcabehetysunharette Communes of Pyrénées-Atlantiques